Investigation of Effect of Biomass Torrefaction Temperature on Volatile Energy Recovery Through Combustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo S. Akinyemi ◽  
Lulin Jiang ◽  
Prashanth R. Buchireddy ◽  
Stanislav O. Barskov ◽  
John L. Guillory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
Mild Pyrolysis ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

Biomass torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis thermal treatment process carried out at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C under inert conditions to improve fuel properties of parent biomass. Torrefaction yields a higher energy per unit mass product but releases noncondensable and condensable gases, signifying energy and mass losses. The condensable gases (volatiles) can result in tar formation on condensing, hence, system blockage. Fortunately, the hydrocarbon composition of volatiles represents a possible auxiliary energy source for feedstock drying and/or torrefaction process. The present study designed a low-pressure volatile burner for torrefaction of pine wood chips and investigated energy recovery from volatiles through clean co-combustion with natural gas (NG). The research studied the effects of torrefaction pretreatment temperatures on the amount of energy recovered for various combustion air flow rates. For all test conditions, blue flames and low emissions at the combustor exit consistently signified clean and complete premixed combustion. Torrefaction temperature at 283–292 °C had relatively low volatile energy recovery, mainly attributed to higher moisture content evolution and low molecular weight of volatiles evolved. At the lowest torrefaction pretreatment temperature, small amount of volatiles was generated with more energy recovered. Energy conservation evaluation on the torrefaction reactor indicated that about 27% of total energy carried by the exiting volatiles and gases has been recovered by the co-fire of NG and volatiles at the lowest temperature, while around 19% of the total energy was recovered at the intermediate and highest torrefaction temperatures, respectively. The energy recovered represents about 23–45% of the energy associated with NG combustion in the internal burner of the torrefaction reactor, signifying that the volatiles energy can supplement significant amount of the energy required for torrefaction.

Investigation of Effect of Biomass Torrefaction Temperature on Volatile Energy Recovery Through Combustion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Akinyemi ◽  
L. Jiang ◽  
P. R. Buchireddy ◽  
S. O. Barskov ◽  
J. L. Guillory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
Mild Pyrolysis

Biomass has received wide attention as a substitute for fossil fuel in the generation of energy because of its renewability and carbon neutrality. However, raw biomass combustion is hindered by physical properties such as low energy density and high moisture content. Biomass torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis thermal treatment process carried out at temperature of 200 to 300°C under inert conditions to improve the fuel properties of parent biomass. This yields a higher energy per unit mass product but releases non-condensable and condensable gases which results in energy and mass losses. The condensable gases (volatiles), can result in tar formation on condensing hence, system blockage. Fortunately, the hydrocarbon composition of volatiles also represents a possible auxiliary energy source for torrefaction. The present study investigated energy recovery from volatiles through clean co-combustion with NG for feedstock drying and/or the thermal treatment process of pine wood chips. The research also studied the effect of torrefaction pretreatment temperatures on the amount of energy recovered for various combustion air flow rates. For all test conditions, blue visual flames and low CO and NOx emissions at the combustor exit consistently signified clean and complete premixed combustion. Torrefaction temperature at 283–292 °C had relatively low energy recovered from volatiles, mainly attributed to higher moisture content evolution and low molecular weight of volatiles evolved. At lowest torrefaction pretreatment temperature, smaller amount of volatiles was generated with most energy recovered from the volatiles. Energy conservation evaluation on the torrefaction reactor indicated that about 40% of total energy carried by the exiting volatiles and gases has been recovered by the co-fire of NG and volatiles at the lowest temperature while 20% and 22% of the total energy were recovered at the intermediate and highest torrefaction temperature respectively.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Aonghus McNabola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Recovery Potential

The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.

Bio-electro degradation of azo-dye in a combined anaerobic–aerobic process along with energy recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 9461-9470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Sultana ◽  
Mohammad Danish Khan ◽  
Suhail Sabir ◽  
Khalid M. Gani ◽  
Mohammad Oves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Reactive Orange 16 ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Reactive Orange ◽  
Post Treatment Process ◽  
Degradation Of Azo Dye

Complete removal of reactive orange 16 in a microbial fuel cell coupled aerobic post-treatment process along with energy recovery.

Energy Use Comparison of Air Distribution Systems Serving a Section of a School Building

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stillman Jordan ◽  
Randall D. Manteufel
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Displacement Ventilation ◽  
Humid Climate

An optimal air distribution design accomplishes both comfort and ventilation requirements while consuming as little energy as possible. This paper analyzes four different air distribution systems and technologies including single duct variable air volume air handlers, chilled beam cooling systems, total energy recovery wheels, displacement ventilation, and dedicated outside air systems; in an effort to determine the best air distribution system for a representative section of a school in hot and humid climate. The effectiveness of the air distribution systems is evaluated by analyzing how the different technologies take advantage of the natural convective properties of air to create a comfortable environment for the occupied region of the space. Distribution effectiveness and energy consumption must be weighed against considerations such as system complexity and ease of operation. This paper compares several alternative air distribution systems to a baseline single inlet VAV system that is commonly used in new schools designed today. Calculations show that the total energy recovery wheels result in a 16% energy savings over the baseline air distribution system because of the large amount of outside air required in school buildings. Chilled beams are not well suited for schools because of the large amount of outside air required by the space and the sophisticated design and operation needed to prevent condensation from occurring at the chilled beam. The results show that the air distribution system that consumes the least amount of energy is a displacement ventilation system. The system also inherently promotes better indoor air quality as it allows air to naturally rise out and return out of the space with minimal mixing of contaminates that may be recirculated within the room for others to breath. The displacement ventilation system’s overall energy savings of 20% over the baseline is mainly attributed to its total energy recovery wheel and the system’s ability to drastically reduce the cooling load seen by the air cooled chiller by effectively ventilating spaces using less outside air.

scholarly journals Energy and Chemicals Consumption Evaluation in Water Treatment Plant. A comparative study between Bacau and Turin

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Florina Fabian ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Narcis Birsan ◽  
Emilian Mosnegutu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Water Treatment Process

The total energy demand of water treatment plant Bacau (WTP Bacau) was evaluated at 239.94 MW h/y, in case of SMAT (Turin-Iataly) total energy demand of the plant was evaluated at 2.235,454.9 MW h/y, and 6,9 % is for WT. Chemicals consumption, is relative and depends on raw water turbidity at WTP Bacau, during the winter period raw water is very clean and requires only a simple chlorination, on the other hand at SMAT chemicals consumption, is 5.325 t/y and 8.8% is used for water treatment process.

Two-stage anaerobic digestion system treating different seasonal fruit pulp wastes: Impact on biogas and hydrogen production and total energy recovery potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 105694
Author(s):  
Sara Mateus ◽  
Mónica Carvalheira ◽  
Joana Cassidy ◽  
Elisabete Freitas ◽  
Adrian Oehmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Recovery Potential

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jae Wook Chung ◽  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Ekaterina Ovsyannikova ◽  
Alexander Treichler ◽  
Urs Baier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Human Faeces

Background: The provision of safe sanitation services is essential for human well-being and environmental integrity, but it is often lacking in less developed communities with insufficient financial and technical resources. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as an alternative sanitation technology, producing value-added products from faecal waste. We evaluated the HTC technology for raw human waste treatment in terms of resource recovery. In addition, we constructed and tested a low-cost HTC reactor for its technical feasibility. Methods: Raw human faeces were hydrothermally treated in a mild severity range (≤ 200 °C and ≤ 1 hr). The total energy recovery was analysed from the energy input, higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar and biomethane potential of process water. The nutrient contents were recovered through struvite precipitation employing process water and acid leachate from hydrochar ash. A bench-scale low-cost reactor (BLR) was developed using widely available materials and tested for human faeces treatment. Results: The hydrochar had HHVs (23.2 - 25.2 MJ/kg) comparable to bituminous coal. The calorific value of hydrochar accounted for more than 90% of the total energy recovery. Around 78% of phosphorus in feedstock was retained in hydrochar ash, while 15% was in process water. 72% of the initial phosphorus can be recovered as struvite when deficient Mg and NH4 are supplemented. The experiments with BLR showed stable operation for faecal waste treatment with an energy efficiency comparable to a commercial reactor system. Conclusions: This research presents a proof of concept for the hydrothermal treatment of faecal waste as an alternative sanitation technology, by providing a quantitative evaluation of the resource recovery of energy and nutrients. The experiments with the BLR demonstrate the technical feasibility of the low-cost reactor and support its further development on a larger scale to reach practical implementation.

scholarly journals Total Energy Recovery System for Agribusiness. [Geothermally heated]. Final Report

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Fogleman ◽  
L.A. Fisher ◽  
A.R. Black ◽  
D.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Energy Recovery System ◽  
Recovery System
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