Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Pellets Using Concentrated Solar Radiation: A Numerical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Danaei Kenarsari ◽  
Yuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Pine Beetles

Since the 1990s, mountain pine beetles have infested mature pine trees in the forests of western North America. Fast pyrolysis is an encouraging method to convert the beetle killed pine trees into bio-oils. In this study, an unsteady-state mathematical model is developed to simulate fast pyrolysis under concentrated solar radiation. Conservation equations of total mass, species, and energy, coupled with the chemical kinetics model, have been developed and solved to simulate fast pyrolysis of cylindrical biomass pellets in a quartz reactor exposed to various radiant heating fluxes. This study demonstrates the importance of the secondary reactions on fast pyrolysis products.

A Numerical Study of Fast Pyrolysis of Beetle Killed Pine Trees

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Danaei Kenarsari ◽  
Yuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Conservation Equations ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Secondary Reactions

Since 1990s, as a result of unprecedented drought and warm winters, mountain pine beetles have devastated mature pine trees in the forests of western North America from Mexico to Canada. Especially, in the State of Wyoming, there are more than 1 million acres of dead forest now. These beetle killed trees are a source of wildfire and if left unharvested will decay and release carbon back to the atmosphere. Fast pyrolysis is a promising method to transfer the beetle killed pine trees into bio-oils. In the present study, an unsteady state mathematical model is developed to simulate the fast pyrolysis process, which converts solid pine wood pellets into char (solid), bio-oils (liquid) and gaseous products in the absence of oxidizer in a temperature range from 500°C to 1000°C within short residence time. The main goal of the study is to advance the understanding of kinetics and convective and radiative heat transfer in biomass fast pyrolysis process. Conservation equations of total mass, species, momentum, and energy, coupled with the chemical kinetics model, have been developed and solved numerically to simulate fast pyrolysis of various cylindrical beetle killed pine pellets (10 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness) in a reactor (30 mm inside diameter and 50 mm height) exposed to various radiative heating flux (0.2 MW/m2 to 0.8 MW/m2). A fast pyrolysis kinetics model for pine wood that includes competitive path ways for the formation of solid, liquid, and gaseous products plus secondary reactions of primary products has been adapted. Several heat transfer correlations and thermo property models available in the literature have been evaluated and adapted in the simulation. Finite element method is used to solve the conservation equations and a 4th order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the chemical kinetics. Unsteady-state two dimensional temperature and product distributions throughout the entire pyrolysis process were simulated and the simulated product yields were compared to the experimental data available in the literature. This study demonstrates the importance of the secondary reactions and appropriate convective and radiative modeling in the numerical simulation of biomass fast pyrolysis.

Blue-stain fungi in xylem of lodgepole pine: a light-microscope study on extent of hyphal distribution

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ballard ◽  
M. A. Walsh ◽  
W. E. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Pine Beetles

In midsummer mountain pine beetles emerge from lodgepole pine trees and fly to unattacked trees. While chewing vertical egg galleries in the inner bark of the tree, they inoculate into it a blue-stain fungus complex. Initially, the fungi are confined to the beetle frass of the egg gallery, but they soon grow into the sapwood. The fungi spread radially via the parenchyma of the xylem rays. Once established in the xylem rays, fungal hyphae move into the tracheids of the axial water-conducting system. Here they occlude bordered-pit pairs and occasionally the entire lumen of the cell. Fungal hyphae also attack and destroy resin-duct epithelial cells. This may result in release of resin into surrounding tissues. Destruction of storage and water-conducting tissues in the tree trunk is detrimental to renewed shoot tip expansion the following spring.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in Bubbling Fluidized Bed: A Model Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kaushal ◽  
Seyed Amin Mirhidi ◽  
Jalal Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Parallel Reactions ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

This study proposes a model for the fast pyrolysis of biomass. A reaction scheme of a set of three parallel reactions followed by a set of two parallel reactions has been used to describe the primary and secondary reactions of biomass pyrolysis in a stationary bed reactor. A simple first-order kinetic approach has been applied to predict the product yields. The bed hydrodynamics, the mass transfer between phases and the reaction kinetics have been mathematically formulated. The effects of the operating parameters on the biomass pyrolysis product yield were simulated; the results show that the reaction temperature and nitrogen flow rate plays an important role in the yield of bio-oil. Good agreement between the predicted and measured results was obtained.

Effects of Acetone Extractives in Gray-Stage Lodgepole Pine Killed by Mountain Pine Beetles

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE H. ALLEN ◽  
ALAIN GAGNÉ
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Beetles

The mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia is leaving behind vast stands of dead pine trees to be harvested. Several years after death, when the needles have fallen off, the trees are referred to as gray-stage. The trees’ natural defense system when attacked is to pitch out the beetles by producing large amounts of canal resin to flood the beetles’ bore holes; hence, changes in wood resin (extractives) will accompany beetle attack. Increased extractives concentration has been shown in the final bleached pulp in a kraft mill pulping a large proportion of gray-stage pine wood killed by the mountain pine beetle. Similar to the wood extractives content in gray-stage pine chips, pulp extractives in gray-stage mill pulps are variable and can occasionally be high (e.g., > 0.05%), likely because of the composition of the extractives in the incoming chips. Although this usually does not cause pitch problems in the pulp mill and its customer paper mills, kraft mills that sell gray-stage pulp to extractives-sensitive customers should check extractives content before shipment to make sure it is not unacceptably high.

scholarly journals In line upgrading of biomass fast pyrolysis products using low-cost catalysts

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 120682
Author(s):  
Enara Fernandez ◽  
Laura Santamaria ◽  
Maite Artetxe ◽  
Maider Amutio ◽  
Aitor Arregi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

Experimental and numerical study of biomass fast pyrolysis oil spray combustion: Advanced laser diagnostics and emission spectrometry

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Tóth ◽  
Christian Brackmann ◽  
Yngve Ögren ◽  
Manu Naduvil Mannazhi ◽  
Johan Simonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Diagnostics ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Spray Combustion ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
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