scholarly journals Conduction in Jammed Systems of Tetrahedra

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Smith ◽  
Timothy S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Medium Theory ◽  
Performance Functional ◽  
Interparticle Contacts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

Control of transport processes in composite microstructures is critical to the development of high-performance functional materials for a variety of energy storage applications. The fundamental process of conduction and its control through the manipulation of granular composite attributes (e.g., grain shape) are the subject of this work. We show that athermally jammed packings of tetrahedra with ultrashort range order exhibit fundamentally different pathways for conduction than those in dense sphere packings. Highly resistive granular constrictions and few face–face contacts between grains result in short-range distortions from the mean temperature field. As a consequence, ‘granular’ or differential effective medium theory predicts the conductivity of this media within 10% at the jamming point; in contrast, strong enhancement of transport near interparticle contacts in packed-sphere composites results in conductivity divergence at the jamming onset. The results are expected to be particularly relevant to the development of nanomaterials, where nanoparticle building blocks can exhibit a variety of faceted shapes.

scholarly journals The Assembly of Porphyrin Systems in Well-Defined Nanostructures: An Update

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Magna ◽  
Donato Monti ◽  
Corrado Di Natale ◽  
Roberto Paolesse ◽  
Manuela Stefanelli
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
The Individual

The interest in assembling porphyrin derivatives is widespread and is accounted by the impressive impact of these suprastructures of controlled size and shapes in many applications from nanomedicine and sensors to photocatalysis and optoelectronics. The massive use of porphyrin dyes as molecular building blocks of functional materials at different length scales relies on the interdependent pair properties, consisting of their chemical stability/synthetic versatility and their quite unique physicochemical properties. Remarkably, the driven spatial arrangement of these platforms in well-defined suprastructures can synergically amplify the already excellent properties of the individual monomers, improving conjugation and enlarging the intensity of the absorption range of visible light, or forming an internal electric field exploitable in light-harvesting and charge-and energy-transport processes. The countless potentialities offered by these systems means that self-assembly concepts and tools are constantly explored, as confirmed by the significant number of published articles related to porphyrin assemblies in the 2015–2019 period, which is the focus of this review.

New Emerging One Dimensional Nanostructure Materials for Gas Sensing Application: A Mini Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Gupta ◽  
Njud S. Alharbie ◽  
Shilpi Agarwal ◽  
Vladimir A. Grachev
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Nanostructure Materials ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
1D Nanostructure

Background: Nanomaterials have numerous potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis and composite materials. Particularly, one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanobelts, nanorods, and nanotubes can be used as either functional materials or building blocks for hierarchical nanostructures. 1D nanostructure plays a very important role in sensor technology. Objective: In the current review, our efforts are directed toward recent review on the use of 1D nanostructure materials which are used in the literature for developing high-performance gas sensors with fast response, quick recovery time and low detection limit. This mini review also focuses on the methods of synthesis of 1D nanostructural sensor array, sensing mechanisms and its application in sensing of different types of toxic gases which are fatal for human mankind. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of 1D nanostructure sensors will have to address are also discussed.

scholarly journals Development, Preparation, and Biomedical Applications of DNA-Based Hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueting Jian ◽  
Xiaoyi Feng ◽  
Yuning Luo ◽  
Fangjie Li ◽  
Junyan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Application Prospects

Hydrogels have outstanding research and application prospects in the biomedical field. Among them, the design and preparation of biomedical hydrogels with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as building blocks have attracted increasing research interest. DNA-based hydrogel not only has the skeleton function of hydrogel, but also retains its biological functions, including its excellent selection specificity, structural designability, precise molecular recognition ability, outstanding biocompatibility, and so on. It has shown important application prospects in the biomedical field, such as drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. In recent years, researchers have made full use of the characteristics of DNA molecules and constructed various pure DNA-based hydrogels with excellent properties through various crosslinking methods. Moreover, via introducing functional molecules or elements, or combining with other functional materials, a variety of multifunctional DNA-based hybrid hydrogels have also been constructed, which expand the breadth and depth of their applications. Here, we described the recent development trend in the area of DNA-based hydrogels and highlighted various preparation methods of DNA-based hydrogels. Representative biomedical applications are also exemplified to show the high performance of DNA-based hydrogels. Meanwhile, the existing problems and prospects are also summarized. This review provided references for the further development of DNA-based hydrogels.

scholarly journals Emerging 2D Materials and Their Van Der Waals Heterostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Di Bartolomeo
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tremendous Amount

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their van der Waals heterojunctions offer the opportunity to combine layers with different properties as the building blocks to engineer new functional materials for high-performance devices, sensors, and water-splitting photocatalysts. A tremendous amount of work has been done thus far to isolate or synthesize new 2D materials as well as to form new heterostructures and investigate their chemical and physical properties. This article collection covers state-of-the-art experimental, numerical, and theoretical research on 2D materials and on their van der Waals heterojunctions for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy generation.

Pristine Polysulfone Networks as a Class of Polysulfide-Derived High-Performance Functional Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 5102-5109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Podgórski ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Danielle Konetski ◽  
Ivan Smalyukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Performance Functional

scholarly journals Functional Nanocomposite Films of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Well-Dispersed Chitin Nanocrystals Achieved Using a Dispersing Agent and Liquid-Assisted Extrusion Process

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4557
Author(s):  
Mitul Patel ◽  
Daniel Schwendemann ◽  
Giorgia Spigno ◽  
Shiyu Geng ◽  
Linn Berglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Triethyl Citrate ◽  
Performance Functional

The development of bio-based nanocomposites is of high scientific and industrial interest, since they offer excellent advantages in creating functional materials. However, dispersion and distribution of the nanomaterials inside the polymer matrix is a key challenge to achieve high-performance functional nanocomposites. In this context, for better dispersion, biobased triethyl citrate (TEC) as a dispersing agent in a liquid-assisted extrusion process was used to prepare the nanocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The aim was to identify the effect of the TEC content on the dispersion of ChNCs in the PLA matrix and the manufacturing of a functional nanocomposite. The nanocomposite film’s optical properties; microstructure; migration of the additive and nanocomposites’ thermal, mechanical and rheological properties, all influenced by the ChNC dispersion, were studied. The microscopy study confirmed that the dispersion of the ChNCs was improved with the increasing TEC content, and the best dispersion was found in the nanocomposite prepared with 15 wt% TEC. Additionally, the nanocomposite with the highest TEC content (15 wt%) resembled the mechanical properties of commonly used polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene. The addition of ChNCs in PLA-TEC15 enhanced the melt viscosity, as well as melt strength, of the polymer and demonstrated antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Dynamic arrays based on magnetically controlled Fe3O4 particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Ivan Shorstkii
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Performance Functional ◽  
Microwave Absorbing

In this work, a new concept of dynamic granular arrays was proposed based on magnetically controlled particles. Method of external rotating magnetic field (ERMF), based on a dipole interaction of magnetic spherical Fe3O4 particles in highly ordered volume arrays is proposed. The microwave-absorbing characteristics results of developed composites offer an effective way to design high-performance functional materials to facilitate the research in electromagnetic shielding and microwave absorption.

Synthesis and properties of germanium nanowires

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Material ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Germanium Nanowires ◽  
Controlled Assembly ◽  
Performance Functional ◽  
Novel Material

As a promising electronic material, Ge nanowire (GeNW) has attracted much attention for its low band gaps, high mobilities, and unprecedented dimensions. This article reviews recent research and advancement on this topic and summarizes many aspects of GeNWs, including preparation, surface chemistry, physical properties, functional devices, and controlled assembly. It is shown that GeNWs can be readily synthesized by chemical methods and their electronic properties are comparable or superior to that of the bulk counterparts. Studies of surface chemistry have revealed dominant roles of surfaces on nanowires, and this result led to successful passivations toward air-stable, high-performance functional devices. Finally, controlled assembly to organize chemically synthesized nanowires into functional structures is discussed. Doors are opened up to widely utilize this novel material as excellent electronic building blocks.

scholarly journals Biotemplated syntheses of anisotropic nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 465 (2102) ◽  
pp. 335-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R Hall
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
First Century ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Nanoparticles ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Performance Functional ◽  
Direct Incorporation

The technological advances predicted (or, perhaps, demanded) for the twenty-first century are intimately linked to the crystallochemically controlled synthesis of high-performance functional materials. To answer the new hendiatris of ‘smaller, faster, better’, the manufacture of these materials as nanoparticles has become a scientific noblesse oblige . Direct incorporation into the next generation of electronic devices will necessitate anisotropic forms of these materials, be they nanowires, nanotapes or nanotubes. Chemists have recently discovered that, in addition to the classical methods of anisotropic growth, new routes allow more complex materials to be synthesized in these morphologies. This review describes, using a series of examples, how the morphology of functional materials can be controlled using templated growth mediated by a biopolymer. By involving a biopolymer in the synthetic protocol, anisotropic nanoparticles and assemblages of even quite complex materials can be generated in syntheses that are simple, elegant and highly specific.

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