scholarly journals Discussion: “Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers” (Klein, H. A., and Rice, J. K., 1966, ASME J. Eng. Power, 88, pp. 232–239)

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
R. Rath
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Internal Corrosion

A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simulated Seawater

The following report is the third and last in a series describing the progress of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first report described the background, scope, and organization of the program as well as the test facility. The second report discussed the methods of testing and the results of the first six runs. This final report describes the results of the last six tests and discusses the conclusions drawn from all of Phases II and III. The scope and an outline of seven tests composing the newly scheduled Phase IV program are also included. The results of runs with three types of boiler water treatment, fouled heat transfer surfaces, and conditions simulating fresh water and seawater condenser leakage are included. Data relating to deposition and corrosion in these environments are presented with particular emphasis on the severe corrosion experienced with simulated seawater condenser leakage.

Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-394
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein ◽  
I. B. Dick ◽  
J. K. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Study Results

This report is the second in a series of three describing the progress of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first progress report, presented by H. A. Klein and J. K. Rice at the 1965 Annual Meeting of the ASME, describes the background, scope, and organization of the program as well as the test facility. This second progress report describes the results of the first half of the study. Results of tests with volatile, coordinated phosphate, and caustic boiler water treatment under conditions simulating a boiler with clean internal surfaces and one whose surfaces have been fouled with typical preboiler corrosion products, are included. Data relating to deposition and corrosion in the aforementioned environments are presented. The corrosion failure of a test tube due to “caustic gouging” and the discovery of an unusual effect of deposits on boiling characteristics are described.

A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers—Final Report

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein ◽  
C. L. Burton
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Hydrogen Damage ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Phase Iv

The following report is the last in a series of four describing the progress and results of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first three reports described the background, scope, and organization of the program, as well as the test facility and the results of Phases I, II, and III. This final report includes results of the eight Phase IV tests and a discussion of the results and conclusions from the entire program. Phase IV test results include data and observations on plug-type corrosion and hydrogen damage. The discussion of results describes the mechanisms involved in these types of attack, as well as the causes of caustic gouging. Observations on chemical hideout and deposition are discussed in addition to the heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena involved in nucleate boiling and departure from nucleate boiling.

Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Klein ◽  
J. K. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
American Society

This is the first progress report from an investigation being performed under the sponsorship of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers with joint financial support by the Edison Electric Institute, industry, and others concerned with the operation of high-pressure boilers.

Internal Corrosion Management of Crude Pipelines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Surya Prakash ◽  
Abdul Razzaq Al-Shamari ◽  
Shabbir Safri ◽  
Amer Abdullah Jaragh
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Network System ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Monitoring Protocol ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Corrosion Assessment ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Oil Company

Kuwait currently produces about 3 million barrels of crude oil per day and has a large pipeline network system for handling its oil and associated products (condensate, low pressure and high pressure gas, as well as produced and effluent waters). The total length of the pipeline network is about 4790 Km consisting of API 5L Grade-B carbon steel ranging in diameter from 100 mm to 1830 mm. The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is responsible for the corrosion and integrity management of the pipeline network system which involves: Internal Corrosion Monitoring to assess the internal corrosion status of the pipelines including the occurrence of microbial influenced corrosion; external corrosion protection with the help of coatings and cathodic protection, and periodic intelligent and cleaning pigging operations for internal corrosion assessment and cleaning. The present paper focuses on the internal corrosion management of the export crude segment of the pipeline network system which is very important for a healthy economy. The internal corrosion monitoring protocol includes, online corrosion monitoring, cleaning pigging and intelligent pigging. Bacteria counts’ trending is also included as part of protocol. Some anomalies between the results obtained from corrosion trends, cleaning pigging results and intelligent pigging are highlighted and a sound engineering explanation is attempted to explain these apparent anomalies.

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

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