A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simulated Seawater

The following report is the third and last in a series describing the progress of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first report described the background, scope, and organization of the program as well as the test facility. The second report discussed the methods of testing and the results of the first six runs. This final report describes the results of the last six tests and discusses the conclusions drawn from all of Phases II and III. The scope and an outline of seven tests composing the newly scheduled Phase IV program are also included. The results of runs with three types of boiler water treatment, fouled heat transfer surfaces, and conditions simulating fresh water and seawater condenser leakage are included. Data relating to deposition and corrosion in these environments are presented with particular emphasis on the severe corrosion experienced with simulated seawater condenser leakage.

Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-394
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein ◽  
I. B. Dick ◽  
J. K. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Study Results

This report is the second in a series of three describing the progress of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first progress report, presented by H. A. Klein and J. K. Rice at the 1965 Annual Meeting of the ASME, describes the background, scope, and organization of the program as well as the test facility. This second progress report describes the results of the first half of the study. Results of tests with volatile, coordinated phosphate, and caustic boiler water treatment under conditions simulating a boiler with clean internal surfaces and one whose surfaces have been fouled with typical preboiler corrosion products, are included. Data relating to deposition and corrosion in the aforementioned environments are presented. The corrosion failure of a test tube due to “caustic gouging” and the discovery of an unusual effect of deposits on boiling characteristics are described.

A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers—Final Report

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goldstein ◽  
C. L. Burton
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Hydrogen Damage ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Phase Iv

The following report is the last in a series of four describing the progress and results of “A Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High Pressure Boilers.” The first three reports described the background, scope, and organization of the program, as well as the test facility and the results of Phases I, II, and III. This final report includes results of the eight Phase IV tests and a discussion of the results and conclusions from the entire program. Phase IV test results include data and observations on plug-type corrosion and hydrogen damage. The discussion of results describes the mechanisms involved in these types of attack, as well as the causes of caustic gouging. Observations on chemical hideout and deposition are discussed in addition to the heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena involved in nucleate boiling and departure from nucleate boiling.

Proven Practices in Chemical Control for Steam Power Plants

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
F. G. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
The University ◽  
Water Treatments

The author has conducted research on boiler water treatment at the University of Illinois and in many steam power plants during the last forty-three years. This research covered the cause and prevention of water soluble and silica deposits in steam turbine, metal losses in the wet steam areas of the steam turbine, metal pickup in the preboiler feedwater cycle, internal corrosion in boiler tubes including oxygen embrittlement. The author reports that with proper control of the water treatment these difficulties can be prevented. He outlines the water treatments used and reports the favorable results obtained in boilers, many of which have operated for over twenty years (600–2600 psi). He also reports on the operation of a large number of boilers which have operated for a similar number of years without requiring internal acid cleaning. These results only cover the operation of conventional boilers with natural and controlled circulation.

Heat Transfer Measurements and Predictions for a Modern, High-Pressure, Transonic Turbine, Including Endwalls

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Tallman ◽  
Charles W. Haldeman ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Anil K. Tolpadi ◽  
Robert F. Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
The Ohio State University

This paper presents both measurements and predictions of the hot-gas-side heat transfer to a modern, 112 stage high-pressure, transonic turbine. Comparisons of the predicted and measured heat transfer are presented for each airfoil at three locations, as well as on the various endwalls and rotor tip. The measurements were performed using the Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory Test Facility (TTF). The research program utilized an uncooled turbine stage at a range of operating conditions representative of the engine: in terms of corrected speed, flow function, stage pressure ratio, and gas-to-metal temperature ratio. All three airfoils were heavily instrumented for both pressure and heat transfer measurements at multiple locations. A 3D, compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with k-ω turbulence modeling was used for the CFD predictions. The entire 112 stage turbine was solved using a single computation, at two different Reynolds numbers. The CFD solutions were steady, with tangentially mass-averaged inlet/exit boundary condition profiles exchanged between adjacent airfoil-rows. Overall, the CFD heat transfer predictions compared very favorably with both the global operation of the turbine and with the local measurements of heat transfer. A discussion of the features of the turbine heat transfer distributions, and their association with the corresponding flow-physics, has been included.

Flow Field Measurements in a Cold Flow Annular Sector Turbine Cascade Test Facility and an Annular Sector Cascade Test Facility Operating at Near-Engine Conditions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Wiers ◽  
T. H. Fransson ◽  
U. Rådeklint ◽  
M. Annerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Turbine Cascade ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Annular Sector ◽  
Good Agreement

Aerodynamic investigations in a cold flow annular sector high-pressure turbine cascade test facility and an annular sector cascade facility operating at near-engine conditions are presented. The test section of both facilities is a 36° sector cascade of a modern turbine stator consisting of 6 vanes. The two facilities have been designed in order to gain detailed information concerning film cooled gas turbine vanes. Due to the operation conditions of the hot annular sector cascade it takes over the part of detailed investigations of the influence of film cooling on the heat transfer. In the cold annular sector cascade facility investigations on the aerodynamic behavior of the cascade are performed. Both facilities together will lead to a better understanding of the complicate three-dimensional flow in modern gas turbines. A detailed description of both facilities is given in this paper. Aerodynamic investigations in both facilities were performed. The in- and outlet Mach number and profile Mach number distribution is in good agreement in both of them and shows a periodic flow filed. Aerodynamic performance measurements in the cold flow facility have been conducted by means of a five-hole pneumatic pressure probe traverses 106% of cax downstream of the cascade to gain information about the quality of the flow field across flow passages “+1” and “–1” in terms of yaw angle, pitch angle and primary loss distribution. Comparison with a three dimensional Navier Stokes solvers show a very good agreement with the measurements. In order to deduce the external heat transfer coefficient on the vane a transient test procedure was adopted in the high-pressure hot facility. The dependency of the heat transfer coefficients on the Reynolds number is presented in the paper. The experimental results show reasonable agreement with calculations using a two dimensional boundary layer code.

Heat Transfer Computations for High Pressure Turbines

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Smith ◽  
Mary A. Hilditch ◽  
Nigel B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Turbulent Transition ◽  
Very High

The life of a high pressure turbine blade is strongly dependent on the operating temperature of the blade material. The gas entering the turbine is at a very high temperature and the blades must be cooled. Accurate predictions of the heat transfer to an uncooled aerofoil are an important step in predicting the blade metal temperature and designing an efficient cooling system. 3D Navier-Stokes calculations of heat transfer are presented for the vanes of two modern high pressure, shroudless turbines. The results are compared with measurements taken in a short duration test facility at engine representative conditions. The experimental dataset includes repeat measurements made using different instrumentation. These data are shown to agree within the confidence limits of the experiment. In this experiment laminar-turbulent transition is known to be a major influence on the measured heat transfer levels. However, careful modelling of this parameter, through physical reasoning and published correlations, gives predictions in reasonable agreement with the measurements.

Developing a Combustor Simulator for Investigating High Pressure Turbine Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Barringer ◽  
K. A. Thole ◽  
M. D. Polanka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Blow Down ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Impact

Within a gas turbine engine, the high pressure turbine vanes are subjected to very harsh conditions from the highly turbulent and hot gases exiting the combustor. The temperature and pressure fields exiting the combustor dictate the heat transfer and aero losses that occur in the turbine passages. To better understand these effects, the goal of this work is to develop an adjustable combustor exit profile simulator for the Turbine Research Facility (TRF) at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The TRF is a high temperature, high pressure, short duration blow-down test facility that is capable of matching several aerodynamic and thermal non-dimensional engine parameters including Reynolds number, Mach number, pressure ratio, corrected mass flow, gas-to-metal temperature ratio, and corrected speed. The research objective was to design, install, and verify a non-reacting simulator device that provides representative combustor exit total pressure and temperature profiles to the inlet of the TRF turbine test section. This required the upstream section of the facility to be redesigned into multiple concentric annuli that serve the purpose of injecting high momentum dilution jets and low momentum film cooling jets into a central annular chamber, similar to a turbine engine combustor. The design of the simulator allows for variations in injection levels to generate turbulence and pressure profiles. It also can vary the dilution and film cooling temperatures to create a variety of temperature profiles consistent with real combustors. To date, the design and construction of the simulator device has been completed. All of the hardware has been trial fitted and the flow control shutter systems have been successfully installed and tested. Currently, verification testing is being performed to investigate the impact of the generated temperature, pressure, and turbulence profiles on turbine heat transfer and secondary flow development.

Research Study on Internal Corrosion of High-Pressure Boilers

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Klein ◽  
J. K. Rice
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
American Society

This is the first progress report from an investigation being performed under the sponsorship of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers with joint financial support by the Edison Electric Institute, industry, and others concerned with the operation of high-pressure boilers.

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