Closure to “Discussion of ‘A Computer Program for Determining the Effect of Design Variation on Service Stresses in Railroad Wheels’” (1966, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 88, pp. 357–362)

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-362
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Riegel ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
John A. Sliter
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Railroad Wheels

A Computer Program for Determining the Effect of Design Variation on Service Stresses in Railroad Wheels

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Riegel ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
John A. Sliter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Computer Analyses ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Tractional Forces ◽  
Railroad Wheels

Two computer analyses have been prepared relating service stresses in railroad wheels to wheel shape and dimensions. One program computes the temperature distribution and stresses due to heat input by brake shoe friction at the wheel tread. The other computes stresses due to lateral, vertical, and tractional forces between the wheel and rail. Both programs have been validated for certain known conditions using theoretical solutions and are in agreement with available design and experimental stress data to the degree that differences in wheel geometry and loading conditions permit a comparison with experimental stress data. The next step contemplated is better experimental confirmation by computations for specific wheels and loadings for which test results are available and use of the programs to study trends resulting from, changes in wheel geometry and dimensions. This work is directed toward optimization of wheel design, and elucidation of the nature and specific effects of excessive service loads. This research program is being sponsored at General Electric by the manufacturers of wrought steel wheels, through the American Iron and Steel Institute, as a service to the American railroad industry.

Effect of Design Variation on Service Stresses in Railroad Wheels

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bruner ◽  
R. D. Jones ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
J. M. Wandrisco
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Railroad Wheel ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Railroad Wheels ◽  
Abnormal Operating Conditions

The satisfactory performance of a railroad wheel depends on its ability to withstand not only the repeated stresses imposed on it by normal loads and braking conditions, but also the occasional high stresses that develop under abnormal operating conditions. The continuing trend of present railroad operating practices toward higher wheel loads and speeds has created the need for better design criteria to insure that wheel configurations are the best attainable. Under sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute, the General Electric Company developed computer programs to simulate service braking and loading conditions. These were reported at the 1965 ASME Winter Annual Meeting. Now the programs have been applied to different wheel designs and the braking and loading stresses computed. The results indicate that cyclic stresses of significant magnitude may occur under different operating conditions, so fatigue concepts are important in wheel design considerations. There was no one optimum wheel design for all possible service conditions, although several configurations showed promise. A method was proposed for optimizing design for specific service conditions to safeguard against fatigue damage. To fully utilize this technique for design optimization, accurate data relating to service conditions are needed.

A general computer program for the extended plate overlap algorithm

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt ◽  
E. Ebner ◽  
K. von der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

In contrast to the adjustment of single plates a block adjustment is a simultaneous determination of all unknowns associated with many overlapping plates (star positions and plate constants etc. ) by one large adjustment. This plate overlap technique was introduced by Eichhorn and reviewed by Googe et. al. The author now has developed a set of computer programmes which allows the adjustment of any set of contemporaneous overlapping plates. There is in principle no limit for the number of plates, the number of stars, the number of individual plate constants for each plate, and for the overlapping factor.

Structures and crystallization of vacuum-deposited amorphous Se and Sb films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Makoto Shiojiri ◽  
Toshiyuki Isshiki ◽  
Tetsuya Fudaba ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Binding Condition

In hexagonal Se crystal each atom is covalently bound to two others to form an endless spiral chain, and in Sb crystal each atom to three others to form an extended puckered sheet. Such chains and sheets may be regarded as one- and two- dimensional molecules, respectively. In this paper we investigate the structures in amorphous state of these elements and the crystallization.HRTEM and ED images of vacuum-deposited amorphous Se and Sb films were taken with a JEM-200CX electron microscope (Cs=1.2 mm). The structure models of amorphous films were constructed on a computer by Monte Carlo method. Generated atoms were subsequently deposited on a space of 2 nm×2 nm as they fulfiled the binding condition, to form a film 5 nm thick (Fig. 1a-1c). An improvement on a previous computer program has been made as to realize the actual film formation. Radial distribution fuction (RDF) curves, ED intensities and HRTEM images for the constructed structure models were calculated, and compared with the observed ones.

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