A Computer Program for Determining the Effect of Design Variation on Service Stresses in Railroad Wheels

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Riegel ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
John A. Sliter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Computer Analyses ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Tractional Forces ◽  
Railroad Wheels

Two computer analyses have been prepared relating service stresses in railroad wheels to wheel shape and dimensions. One program computes the temperature distribution and stresses due to heat input by brake shoe friction at the wheel tread. The other computes stresses due to lateral, vertical, and tractional forces between the wheel and rail. Both programs have been validated for certain known conditions using theoretical solutions and are in agreement with available design and experimental stress data to the degree that differences in wheel geometry and loading conditions permit a comparison with experimental stress data. The next step contemplated is better experimental confirmation by computations for specific wheels and loadings for which test results are available and use of the programs to study trends resulting from, changes in wheel geometry and dimensions. This work is directed toward optimization of wheel design, and elucidation of the nature and specific effects of excessive service loads. This research program is being sponsored at General Electric by the manufacturers of wrought steel wheels, through the American Iron and Steel Institute, as a service to the American railroad industry.

Effect of Design Variation on Service Stresses in Railroad Wheels

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bruner ◽  
R. D. Jones ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
J. M. Wandrisco
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Railroad Wheel ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Railroad Wheels ◽  
Abnormal Operating Conditions

The satisfactory performance of a railroad wheel depends on its ability to withstand not only the repeated stresses imposed on it by normal loads and braking conditions, but also the occasional high stresses that develop under abnormal operating conditions. The continuing trend of present railroad operating practices toward higher wheel loads and speeds has created the need for better design criteria to insure that wheel configurations are the best attainable. Under sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute, the General Electric Company developed computer programs to simulate service braking and loading conditions. These were reported at the 1965 ASME Winter Annual Meeting. Now the programs have been applied to different wheel designs and the braking and loading stresses computed. The results indicate that cyclic stresses of significant magnitude may occur under different operating conditions, so fatigue concepts are important in wheel design considerations. There was no one optimum wheel design for all possible service conditions, although several configurations showed promise. A method was proposed for optimizing design for specific service conditions to safeguard against fatigue damage. To fully utilize this technique for design optimization, accurate data relating to service conditions are needed.

Analysis of Residual, Thermal, and Loading Stresses in a B33 Wheel and Their Relationship to Fatigue Damage

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bruner ◽  
G. N. Benjamin ◽  
D. M. Bench
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Service Loading ◽  
Stress Patterns ◽  
Resultant Stress ◽  
Superposition Principles ◽  
Made In

The current General Electric computer study sponsored by The American Iron and Steel Institute, discussed at the ASME Railroad Division 1965 Winter Meeting, has the objective of determining the most favorable geometric configuration to minimize service stresses. This present investigation involves the corollary problem of service loading conditions that produce the highest stresses and the possibility of fatigue damage. Static loading, rim heating, residual stress measurements, and fatigue tests were made in the laboratory on representative B33 wheels. A series of simulated loading conditions was studied and the resulting stresses combined by simple superposition principles. The resultant stress patterns were compared with fatigue test results using the modified Goodman relationship. In this way the service loading conditions that produce fatigue damage may be predicted.

Beneficiability Study of the Blast Furance Dust from Tangshan Iron and Steel Company

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xia Zhang ◽  
Fu Sheng Niu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Blast Furnace Dust ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Through the analysis and study the properties, characteristics and present conditions of the flue slime of blast furnace dust, a suggestion was made of recovering carbon and iron concentrate from the blast furnace dust using a beneficiation technology consisting of gravity separation-flotation. The laboratory test results indicated that it can obtain the iron/carbon concentrate with a grade of iron 53.41%, carbon 65.21% at a recovery rate of iron 51.33%, carbon 69.29%. This mineral processing technology achieved good technical and economical results, reaching the expected effect. The technology can be applied in production and popularized.

Influence of Strain Rate and Yarn Number on Tensile Test Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vangheluwe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Experimental Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Tensile Curve

The influence of strain rate and yarn number on tensile test results is investigated using a model to describe the tensile curve. A good correlation is obtained with the experimental stress-strain curves. The influence of the yarn number on the tensile modulus and the tensile curve is not quite the same for ring and rotor yarns.

Study on the Settlement Experiment of Iron Tailings

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yang Sun ◽  
Xing Long Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Luo ◽  
Zheng Qiang Liu ◽  
Zhi Xin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Polymer Flocculant ◽  
Settlement Experiment ◽  
Better Than

The settlement experiment of representative iron tailings was studied, the iron tailings were from a processing plant of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group. There were four experiments were conducted which includes nature sedimentation test, coagulation sedimentation test of inorganic salt coagulant, flocculation sedimentation test of polymer flocculant and the mix coagulation sedimentation test. The test results showed that the size of sample is relatively fine and unevenly distributed, what's more, the velocity of natural sediment is very slow, and the effect that concentration has on the settling velocity of particles is obvious. The inorganic salt coagulant could reduce turbidity of supernatant, but it play a limited role in improving settling rate, it was found that FeCl3 is the best coagulation agent, PAM is effective flocculant for the sample, and the coagulation effect of cationic flocculation (molecular weight is six million) is better than that of anionic and nonionic. The settling velocity of particles was improved and the solid content of supernatant was reduced in the mix coagulation sedimentation test, but the improvement of settling velocity was not obvious. The author suggests that the single cationic polyacrylamide flocculant which was used for pretreatment on the tailings could meet the requirement of the tailings settlement.

Psychologic Tests in the Evaluation of Psychic Changes after Myelography with Metrizamide

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Cronqvist ◽  
S. L. Holtås ◽  
T. Laike ◽  
A. Ozolins
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Before And After

The possibility of using psychologic tests to demonstrate psychic changes following myelography with metrizamide was investigated in 15 patients. The tests were made before and after the examination. The results revealed psychic changes of cognitive nature to occur both at 6 and at 24 hours after myelography. Of the tests used determination of the reaction time gave most significant results. Subjectively the patients considered themselves better 24 hours after the examination than after 6 hours. This was not confirmed from the test results—an observation indicating the sensitivity of the test instruments used. Thus, these appear to be well suited to study cognitive changes caused by the contrast media used in this particular type of examination. Since the tests are repeatedly performed, the effect of habituation and of learning cannot be avoided. However, when applied in groups of patients, in whom the effects of different contrast media are compared, the disadvantages of these specific effects can be neglected.

scholarly journals Web crippling study of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Steau ◽  
Poologanathan Keerthan ◽  
Mahen Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Load Case ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Web Crippling ◽  
Channel Beam ◽  
The Web ◽  
Steel Institute

Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. A new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. This flexible fastening process allows rectangular hollow flange channel beams to have greater section optimisation, by configuring web and flange widths and thicknesses. In the industrial applications of rectangular hollow flange channel beams as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports under two-flange load cases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams based on the new American Iron and Steel Institute S909 standard test method. The web crippling capacities were compared with the predictions from the design equations in Australia/New Zealand Standard 4600 and American Iron and Steel Institute S100 to determine their accuracy in predicting the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams. Test results showed that these design equations are considerably conservative for the end two-flange load case while being unconservative for the interior two-flange load case. New equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports. Test results showed that web crippling capacities increased by 78% and 65% on average for the end two-flange and interior two-flange load cases when flanges were fastened to supports. This article presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rectangular hollow flange channel beam sections and the results.

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