Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste—Part III: Effects of Sulfur on Boiler Tube Metals

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
W. K. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Boiler Tube ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Controlled Environments

Sulfur plays a significant part in the corrosion of heat transfer surfaces in municipal incinerators. The nature of the deposits and the extent of corrosion on simulated boiler tube surfaces has been investigated in a combined field and laboratory study. The corrosion resulting from the accumulation of deposits and the action of flue gases on boiler tube metals has been measured by probes exposed in large municipal incinerators. In addition, laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled environments to provide additional data for determination of reaction mechanisms. The amount of sulfur in the solid waste was found to be a controlling factor in the corrosion, and increasing the amount of sulfur resulted in reduced corrosion rates on boiler tube metals. This effect has important implications for the combined firing of refuse and fossil fuels.

Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste: Part 2—Chloride Effects on Boiler Tube and Scrubber Metals

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
P. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Boiler Tube ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Wet Scrubbers ◽  
Controlled Environments

Chlorides play an important role in corrosion of heat-transfer surfaces and wet-scrubbers in municipal incinerators. The nature of the deposits and the extent of corrosion have been investigated in a combined field and laboratory study. Corrosion by flue gases and accumulated deposits has been measured by probes exposed in large municipal incinerators. The corrosion rates of various metals by incinerator scrubber waters also have been determined. Parallel laboratory experiments were conducted to provide additional data under controlled environments for interpretation of corrosion reactions. General surface wastage, pitting, or stress-corrosion cracking was observed in different samples, depending on the exposure conditions.

scholarly journals Study of C/N Ratio Effect on Biogas Production of Carica Solid Waste by SS-AD Method And LS-AD

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Fariha Hundagi ◽  
Rizqi Pindy Wisudawati ◽  
Budiyono ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biogas is a renewable energy which can be used as an alternative source to replace fossil fuels. Recently, the use of energy has become an important issue because the oil sources and natural gas are depleting. Utilization of carica waste to produce biogas can reduce the consumption of commercial energy sources such as kerosene as well as the use of firewood. Biogas is produced by the process of organic material digestion by certain anaerobic bacterial activity in anaerobic digester. In this study we studied the influence of LS-AD and SS-AD methods, the effect of C / N ratio on biogas yield obtained and kinetics of biogas production reaction. The study was conducted by making a total solid variation of 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 19%, 21%, 23% and C/N ratio 25 and 30. The study started with carica waste collection process and examination of the total composition of solids and water content. Thereafter, calculation and determination of variation of C / N ratio by mixing the substrate with inoculum and urea into the reactor. Observe the volume of biogas produced every two-day intervals. The highest biogas production rate of 1.7825 ml/g TS day was obtained from carica solid waste variable by liquid state anaerobic disgestion and C/N 25.

Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste—Part IV: Combined Firing of Refuse and Coal

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
W. K. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Boiler Tube ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Municipal Refuse

Combined firing of processed municipal refuse with coal has been investigated in a stoker-fired boiler. The refuse preparation consisted of shredding, magnetic separation of metals, and air classification. The nature of the deposits and the extent of corrosion of simulated boiler tube surfaces was determined by inserting probes into the boiler. For amounts of refuse up to 35 percent on a heating value basis, the corrosion rate of carbon steels was reduced substantially below that found from previous measurements for refuse alone, and below that calculated on the basis of dilution by the coal. The temperature of the boiler flue gases also was found to be an important factor in corrosion. The emissions of sulfur oxides from high sulfur coal were reduced by the action of the alkaline components of the refuse.

scholarly journals CCGT unit with a carbonation system for CO2 capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2039 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
G E Maslennikov ◽  
V V Nazarova ◽  
I P Lazebny ◽  
A F Ryzhkov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Installed Capacity

Abstract The paper considers the issues of creating energy-efficient and environmentally friendly resource-saving energy generation technologies based on fossil fuels, solid waste and materials. A natural gas CCGT with a MSW ash carbonation unit was chosen as the research object. The prototype of the CCGT unit is the CCGT “Akademicheskaya” with an installed capacity of 230 MW. For the carbonation of MSW ash, a direct semi-dry route is used. In the calculation of the CCGT, the power and efficiency of the cycle are determined, as well as the parameters of the flue gas, which are transferred to the calculation of carbonation. As a result of calculations, it was found that this specific CO2 emissions from the power plant using carbonation can be reduced by almost 20% from 403 to 329 g kWh-1, however, a large amount of required MSW (2.6-6.7 kg per kg of flue gases) causes certain difficulties for the implementation of the project.

Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ross ◽  
Igor Schreiber ◽  
Marcel O. Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Oscillatory Reactions

In a chemical system with many chemical species several questions can be asked: what species react with other species: in what temporal order: and with what results? These questions have been asked for over one hundred years about simple and complex chemical systems, and the answers constitute the macroscopic reaction mechanism. In Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms authors John Ross, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel Vlad present several systematic approaches for obtaining information on the causal connectivity of chemical species, on correlations of chemical species, on the reaction pathway, and on the reaction mechanism. Basic pulse theory is demonstrated and tested in an experiment on glycolysis. In a second approach, measurements on time series of concentrations are used to construct correlation functions and a theory is developed which shows that from these functions information may be inferred on the reaction pathway, the reaction mechanism, and the centers of control in that mechanism. A third approach is based on application of genetic algorithm methods to the study of the evolutionary development of a reaction mechanism, to the attainment given goals in a mechanism, and to the determination of a reaction mechanism and rate coefficients by comparison with experiment. Responses of non-linear systems to pulses or other perturbations are analyzed, and mechanisms of oscillatory reactions are presented in detail. The concluding chapters give an introduction to bioinformatics and statistical methods for determining reaction mechanisms.

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