Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste—Part IV: Combined Firing of Refuse and Coal

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
W. K. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Boiler Tube ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Municipal Refuse

Combined firing of processed municipal refuse with coal has been investigated in a stoker-fired boiler. The refuse preparation consisted of shredding, magnetic separation of metals, and air classification. The nature of the deposits and the extent of corrosion of simulated boiler tube surfaces was determined by inserting probes into the boiler. For amounts of refuse up to 35 percent on a heating value basis, the corrosion rate of carbon steels was reduced substantially below that found from previous measurements for refuse alone, and below that calculated on the basis of dilution by the coal. The temperature of the boiler flue gases also was found to be an important factor in corrosion. The emissions of sulfur oxides from high sulfur coal were reduced by the action of the alkaline components of the refuse.

The Relative Value of Energy Derived From Municipal Refuse

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hecklinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Municipal Refuse ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
End Use

Many systems for utilizing the heat energy in municipal refuse are in various stages of development. These systems either use unprocessed solid waste as a fuel or derive a fuel through processing. The fuels produced vary radically in heating value. The energy expended in processing differs from one process to another and the potential end use is not the same for each system. Six representative systems are compared to determine the relative potential value of refuse as a source of energy.

Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste—Part V: Firing of Refuse With High-Sulfur Coal

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
P. W. Cover ◽  
W. K. Boyd ◽  
D. A. Oberacker
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Metal Separation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Municipal Refuse ◽  
Coal Mixtures

The utilization of municipal refuse as a supplementary fuel in a coal-fired power-generating plant has been investigated. The preparation of the solid waste consisted of shredding, ferrous metal separation, and air classification. Probes inserted in the superheater section of the stoker-fired boiler were used to collect deposits and to measure the extent of corrosion. The corrosion rates found for refuse–coal mixtures containing up to 42 weight percent refuse approximated those found with the coals and were about an order of magnitude less than those found with refuse alone. The flue gas temperatures were found to be important factors in corrosion. Sulfur oxide emissions of the high-sulfur coal were reduced both by dilution with the refuse and by the action of the alkaline components of the refuse.

Corrosion and Deposits From Combustion of Solid Waste—Part III: Effects of Sulfur on Boiler Tube Metals

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Krause ◽  
D. A. Vaughan ◽  
W. K. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Boiler Tube ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Controlled Environments

Sulfur plays a significant part in the corrosion of heat transfer surfaces in municipal incinerators. The nature of the deposits and the extent of corrosion on simulated boiler tube surfaces has been investigated in a combined field and laboratory study. The corrosion resulting from the accumulation of deposits and the action of flue gases on boiler tube metals has been measured by probes exposed in large municipal incinerators. In addition, laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled environments to provide additional data for determination of reaction mechanisms. The amount of sulfur in the solid waste was found to be a controlling factor in the corrosion, and increasing the amount of sulfur resulted in reduced corrosion rates on boiler tube metals. This effect has important implications for the combined firing of refuse and fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Additives to Coal-Based Fuel Pellets for the Intensification of Combustion and Reduction in Anthropogenic Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6689
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Klepikov ◽  
Tereza Kudelova ◽  
Kristina Paushkina ◽  
Pavel Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Coal Dust ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Sulfur Oxides ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

Cylinder-shaped fuel pellets that were 3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height, with a mass of 20 mg, were produced by compressing dry coal processing waste under the pressure of 5 MPa. The first group of pellets from coal dust with a particle size less than 140 µm did not contain any additives. The pellets of the second group of fuel compositions contained an oil-impregnated porous polymer material particle with a size of 0.5 mm in the central part of the experimental sample. The particle was surrounded by coal dust from all sides. The ratio of components was 90:10% for coal dust: polymer particle. The latter value almost completely corresponds to the fraction of oil in the fuel composition, since the mass of a porous polymer material particle is negligible. The third group of compositions was a 70:30% mixture of coal dust with wood sawdust with a particle size less than 45 µm, or 45–100, 100–200 and 200–500 µm. The ignition and combustion of single fuel pellets were studied under radiant heating in an air medium while varying the temperature from 800 to 1000 °C. The processes during the fuel combustion were recorded by a high-speed video camera, and the concentrations of the main anthropogenic emissions in flue gases were measured by a gas analyzer. The main characteristics were established—ignition delay times (2–8 s) and duration of burnout (40–90 s)—at different heating temperatures. A difference was established in the combustion mechanisms of the pellets, when adding various components to the fuel mixture composition. This has a direct influence on the induction period duration and combustion time, other conditions being equal, as well as on the concentration of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the flue gases. Adding an oil-impregnated porous polymer particle to the fuel composition intensifies ignition and combustion, since the times of ignition delay and complete burnout of fuel pellets under threshold conditions decrease by 70%, whereas adding wood sawdust reduces the content of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the flue gases by 30% and 25%, respectively.

scholarly journals Municipal solid waste higher heating value prediction from ultimate analysis using multiple regression and genetic programming techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Boumanchar ◽  
Younes Chhiti ◽  
Fatima Ezzahrae M’hamdi Alaoui ◽  
Abdelaziz Sahibed-dine ◽  
Fouad Bentiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Programming Techniques

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management presents an important challenge for all countries. In order to exploit them as a source of energy, a knowledge of their calorific value is essential. In fact, it can be experimentally measured by an oxygen bomb calorimeter. This process is, however, expensive. In this light, the purpose of this paper was to develop empirical models for the prediction of MSW higher heating value (HHV) from ultimate analysis. Two methods were used: multiple regression analysis and genetic programming formalism. Both techniques gave good results. Genetic programming, however, provides more accuracy compared to published works in terms of a great correlation coefficient (CC) and a low root mean square error (RMSE).

scholarly journals The effect of volatile organic acids and CO2 on the corrosion rate of carbon steel from a Top-of-Line-Corrosion (TLC) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
S B Gjertsen ◽  
A Palencsar ◽  
M Seiersten ◽  
T H Hemmingsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

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