A Computer-Aided Design Technique for the Synthesis of Planar Four Bar Mechanisms Satisfying Specified Kinematic and Dynamic Conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Rigelman ◽  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Allowable Deviation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design

This paper presents a computer-aided design optimization method for synthesizing planar four bar mechanisms which satisfy specified kinematic and dynamic conditions. The method can be used for path, motion, and function generation as well as for combinations of these. The kinematic conditions consist of combinations of specifications on the position, velocity, and acceleration of the coupler point and the rotations of the coupler and follower links. The dynamic conditions consist of the minimization of the average power consumed by the mechanism as well as a limit on the maximum input torque. The external loads consist of variable forces and moments at the coupler point as well as variable torques on the follower link. The Selective Precision Synthesis (SPS) method is used to express each kinematic condition in terms of a specification plus an allowable deviation or tolerance from the specification. In this manner, the synthesis problem is converted into a nonlinear optimization problem which is solved using the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method. In addition, two force balancing routines are included to help the dynamic performance of the mechanism. The mathematical formulation and derivation as well as numerical examples are presented in this paper.

A Computer-Aided Design Technique for the Synthesis of Planar Four Bar Mechanisms Satisfying Specified Kinematic and Dynamic Conditions

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Rigelman ◽  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Allowable Deviation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract This paper presents a computer-aided design optimization method for synthesizing planar four bar mechanisms which satisfy specified kinematic and dynamic conditions. The method can be used for path, motion, and function generation as well as for combinations of these. The kinematic conditions consist of combinations of specifications on the position, velocity, and acceleration of the coupler point and the rotations of the coupler and follower links. The dynamic conditions consist of the minimization of the average power consumed by the mechanism as well as a limit on the maximum input torque. The external loads consist of variable forces and moments at the coupler point as well as variable torques on the follower link. The Selective Precision Synthesis (SPS) method is used to express each kinematic condition in terms of a specification plus an allowable deviation or tolerance from the specification. In this manner, the synthesis problem is converted into a nonlinear optimization problem which is solved by using the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method. In addition, two force balancing routines are included to help the dynamic performance of the mechanism. The mathematical formulation and derivation as well as numerical examples are presented in this paper.

Computer-Aided Design of the RSSR Function Generating Spatial Mechanism Using the Selective Precision Synthesis Method

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Dhall ◽  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nonlinear Constraint ◽  
Planar Function ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Planar function generating mechanisms may be synthesized for a limited number of precision points by carrying out a kinematic inversion about the output link. However, this becomes quite difficult for spatial mechanisms. In this paper the general RSSR spatial function generating mechanism is synthesized using the Selective Precision Synthesis technique. In this computer-aided design method, nonlinear constraint equations relating the generated and desired rotations of the output crank are formulated. These constraints which define accuracy neighborhoods around each of the “n” prescribed output crank rotations, are then solved using the Generalized Reduced Gradient Method of optimization. The mathematical formulation, the general procedure of synthesis and numerical examples are presented in this paper.

Computer-Aided Design of the RSSR Function Generating Spatial Mechanism Using the Selective Precision Synthesis Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dhall ◽  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nonlinear Constraint ◽  
Planar Function ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design

Planar function generating mechanisms may be synthesized for a limited number of precision points by carrying out a kinematic inversion about the output link. However, this becomes quite difficult for spatial mechanisms. In this paper the general RSSR spatial function generating mechanism is synthesized using the Selective Precision Synthesis technique. In this computer-aided design method, nonlinear constraint equations relating the generated and desired rotations of the output crank are formulated. These constraints which define accuracy neighborhoods around each of the “n” prescribed output crank rotations are then solved using the Generalized Reduced Gradient Method of optimization. The mathematical formulation, the general procedure of synthesis, and numerical examples are presented in this paper.

Comparison between Optimization Method and Experience-Based Method in Soil Conservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3811-3817
Author(s):  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Ji Xian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Interaction Function ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Slice Method ◽  
Aided Design

The analysis of the slope stability is important in soil conservation. To analyze the slope stability, optimization methods were coded and compared with the traditional experience-based methods. Furthermore, the results were visualized in the program, so that the user can easily check the results and can designate an area, in which the program seeks the center and radius of the most hazardous slide arc. Moreover, the graphic interaction function was implemented in the program. In addition, the Standard Model One, recommended by ACAD (The Association for Computer Aided Design), was calculated by the program, of which the results (safety factor Ks=0.95~0.96) were smaller than the official recommend value (Ks=1). It is because that the traditional slice method, which neglects the normal stress and shear stress between the slices, was applied for calculation of Ks.

Study on Urban Environment Color Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 833-836
Author(s):  
Ling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Design System ◽  
Color Design ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Urban Planning Management

According to the concept of computer aided design system and color matching colors based on color solid theory, color coordination guide designers great tools its realization process, and give users more than free choice. This article through the emotional color that quantitative puts forward nine tones the concept of the emotional tone. Finally, this paper summarizes the Buddha tonal coordination than process, design optimization method in a certain extent color according to the comparison of the new and old model of configuration. This method should be widely used in new cases of urban planning management, the color. Thanks to the building should be improved and color should adapt to test the feasibility of in a different environment, improve computer aided design and color of the update other areas, color design.

scholarly journals Possibilities of applying structural optimization in building structures computer-aided design systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Vasilkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Design System ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Aided Design

For computer-aided design solutions search, a computational tool, which will substantially facilitate designer’s work, has been developed. Structural optimization method – genetic algorithm method is taken as a basis. To accelerate design solutions synthesis, computer-aided design system in the form of a developed computational tool is used. It automatically synthesizes a significant number of design solutions using formalized conditions of strength facility requirements. Then, user compares the solutions upon performance criterion and selects the best options. The article demonstrates possibility of genetic algorithm application for obtaining design solutions through the example of a structural coating plate. The advantage of this method is obviousness in solutions search, visualization of proposed structures and user’s work with the system in dialog mode.

Selective Precision Synthesis of the Four-Bar Motion Generator With Prescribed Input Timing

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Mechanism Synthesis ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Stable Solutions ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Error Envelope ◽  
Motion Generator

The recently developed Selective Precision Synthesis technique has been extended to the four-bar motion generating mechanism with prescribed input timing. A designer using this method can determine several mechanisms whose coupler triangle positions and orientations will be coordinated with the input crank rotations. The unique feature in the Selective Precision Synthesis formulation is that the path, orientations and rotations are specified along with allowable limits of accuracy creating an error envelope for each of these parameters. This modification removes the limiting conditions imposed by the precision point approach so that standard nonlinear programming techniques can be used to determine several mechanism solutions. It was found that the method yields fundamentally stable solutions rarely encountered in closed-form methods of mechanism synthesis. The problem of dyadic construction error in the original SPS technique is eliminated and the method developed here is well suited to batch or interactive computer-aided design. The computer program of this method is being made available to interested readers.

Selective Precision Synthesis—A General Method of Optimization for Planar Mechanisms

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Kramer ◽  
G. N. Sandor
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Planar Mechanisms ◽  
Small Perturbations ◽  
Function Generation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Stable Solutions ◽  
Precision Synthesis ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
General Method

A general method of optimal design of planar mechanisms is presented here called Selective Precision Synthesis (SPS for short), suitable for path, motion or function generation, with different arbitrary limits of accuracy at various discrete positions. It was found that the method yields fundamentally stable solutions: while in closed-form synthesis, small changes in prescribed values often result in very different solutions or no solutions at all, in SPS small perturbations in problem specifications often produce only small variations in the synthesized linkage dimensions. Such stability is rarely found in Burmester theory and other synthesis techniques. Applying nonlinear programming and introducing the dyadic construction of mechanisms, the SPS technique is applicable to the synthesis of most planar mechanisms including four-bar, five-bar, multi-loop, multi-degree of freedom and adjustable mechanisms. Also, dyadic construction simplifies the optimization process and renders the method readily manageable in interactive computer-aided design. The SPS digital computer programs for batch and tele-processing are made available to interested readers.

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