scholarly journals Effect of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Chlorine on the High Temperature Corrosion of In-100, U-700, IN-792, and MAR M-509

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
C. E. Lowell ◽  
S. M. Sidik ◽  
D. L. Deadmore
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Metal Consumption ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The effects of potential impurities, such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl, in coal-derived liquid fuels on accelerated corrosion of IN-100, U-700, IN-792, and Mar M-509 were investigated using a Mach 0.3 burner rig for times to 200 hr in 1 hr cycles. These impurities were injected in combination as aqueous solutions into the combustor. Other variables were time, temperature, and fuel-to-air ratio. The experimental matrix was a central composite fractional factorial design divided into blocks to allow modification of the design as data was gathered. The extent of corrosion was determined by metal consumption, τ.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Chlorine on the High Temperature Corrosion of IN-100, U-700, IN-792, and MAR M-509

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Lowell ◽  
S. M. Sidik ◽  
D. L. Deadmore
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Metal Consumption ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The effects of potential impurities, such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl, in coal-derived liquid fuels on accelerated corrosion of IN-100, U-700, IN-792, and Mar M-509 were investigated using a Mach 0.3 burner rig for times to 200 hours in one hour cycles. These impurities were injected in combination as aqueous solutions into the combustor. Other variables were time, temperature, and fuel-to-air ratio. The experimental matrix was a central composite fractional factorial design divided into blocks to allow modification of the design as data was gathered. The extent of corrosion was determined by metal consumption, τ.

Optimization of extracellular fungal peroxidase production by 2 Coprinus species

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ikehata ◽  
Michael A Pickard ◽  
Ian D Buchanan ◽  
Daniel W Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Central Composite

Optimum culture conditions for the batch production of extracellular peroxidase by Coprinus cinereus UAMH 4103 and Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067 were explored using 2 statistical experimental designs, including 2-level, 7-factor fractional factorial design and 2-factor central composite design. Of the 7 factors examined in the screening study, the concentrations of carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (peptone or casitone) sources showed significant effects on the peroxidase production by Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067. The optimum glucose and peptone concentrations were determined as 2.7% and 0.8% for Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067, and 2.9% and 1.4% for C. cinereus UAMH 4103, respectively. Under the optimized culture condition the maximum peroxidase activity achieved in this study was 34.5 U·mL–1 for Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067 and 68.0 U·mL–1 for C. cinereus UAMH 4103, more than 2-fold higher than the results of previous studies.Key words: Coprinus peroxidase, central composite design, fractional factorial design, production optimization, response surface.

Riveting parameter design that satisfies requirements for driven rivet head dimensions

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (13) ◽  
pp. 2412-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
SF Wang ◽  
JH Zhang ◽  
ZG Liu ◽  
XW Zhang ◽  
J Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Feasible Region ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Composite

Riveted joints are extensively adopted in designing aircraft structures. Riveting implies a squeezing process of the rivet with large plastic deformations to form the driven rivet head. The driven rivet head dimensions (height H, diameter D) depend on riveting force ( X1), rivet length and diameter tolerance ( X2 and X3), as well as rivet hole tolerance ( X4). Incorrect selection in these parameters could induce the excessive stress concentration that results in initial crack and also results in improper rivet head deformation leading to loose rivet. The present research is conducted on a MS2047AD6-6 rivet and 2.286 mm thick aluminum alloy sheets and mainly focuses on the design of riveting parameters X1, X2, X3, and X4 using the proposed three-step statistical experiment designs including fractional factorial design, steepest ascent design, and central composite design while satisfying the quality requirements for driven rivet head dimensions ( H, D) mentioned in Standard Aircraft Handbook. Fractional factorial design is used to evaluate the impact of riveting parameters X1, X2, X3, and X4 on H and D. Based on the effective ranges of the significant riveting parameters obtained from steepest ascent design, a five-level central composite design is proposed to derive the statistical relations between H, D and the significant riveting parameters, and the statistical models are used to find the feasible region resulting from the combination of the significant riveting parameters while satisfying the quality requirements for H and D. Finally, the feasible ranges of X1, X2, X3, and X4, namely [16,470 N 22,730 N], [−0.1491 mm 0.3891 mm], [−0.0466 mm 0.1216 mm], and [−0.0375 mm 0.2125 mm], are determined from the perspective of adjustable accuracy of X1 and that of the manufacturability for X2, X3, and X4. It implies that any combination of X1, X2, X3, and X4 that falls within this feasible region can result in a good quality riveted joins, namely that the quality requirements for the driven riveting head dimension ( H, D) can be satisfied.

Accelerated Corrosion of Stainless Steels in the Presence of Molten Carbonate below 923 K

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Ota ◽  
Katsuya Toda ◽  
Naobumi Motohira ◽  
Nobuyuki Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion

ABSTRACTThe high temperature corrosion of stainless steels (SUS316L and SUS310S) in the presence of molten carbonate [(Li0.62K0.8)2CO3 and (Li0.52Na0.48)2CO3] has been studied in a CO2-O2 atmosphere by measuring the weight gain of the specimens.The corrosion of SUS316L significantly depended on the reaction conditions. With the carbonate coating (both Li/Na and Li/K carbonates), severe corrosion occurred during the initial period of the corrosion test below 923 K, especially around 823 K. The initial severe corrosion was a local corrosion which produced through holes in the metal specimens and occurred more clearly at low Pco2 with the Li/Na coating than with the Li/K coating. The corrosion became more severe at higher CO2 pressures and lower O2 pressures. In a pure CO2 atmosphere (without O2), the corrosion rate significantly increased at 823 K. The steel was corroded uniformly at that time.

scholarly journals RICE PARBOILING WASTEWATER IN THE MAXIMIZATION OF CAROTENOIDS BIOPRODUCTION BY Phaffia rhodozyma

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Alves da Silva Rios ◽  
Thais de Matos de Borba ◽  
Susana Juliano Kalil ◽  
Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Phaffia Rhodozyma ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Alternative Substrate ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Carotenoid Production ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Potential Use

The interest in carotenoid production from natural sources has increased based in their possible use as dyes and their powerful biological antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the use of rice parboiling wastewater (RPW) as an alternative substrate for the bioproduction of carotenoids using the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and found it to be promising as the only source of nutrients, reaching a concentration of 0.6 μg mL-1 (259.1 μg g-1) in 48 h. To increase the potential use of this industrial effluent, a study of supplementation was carried out to enhance the production of carotenoids using the methodology of experimental design (a 2IV 6-2 fractional factorial design sequenced by a 24 central composite design). The conditions for maximizing the production of carotenoids were (g L-1) malt extract (16.25), peptone (8.75), sucrose (15) and rice parboiling wastewater (87.5), with a pH of 5 at 25 °C and 150 rpm for 144 h, which produced a concentration 5.3 μg mL-1 (628.8 μg g-1).

scholarly journals A refined medium to enhance the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
May Foong Ooi ◽  
Hooi Ling Foo ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Raha Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
De Man ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractPostbiotic RS5, produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5, has been identified as a promising alternative feed supplement for various livestock. This study aimed to lower the production cost by enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the postbiotic RS5 by improving the culture density of L. plantarum RS5 and reducing the cost of growth medium. A combination of conventional and statistical-based approaches (Fractional Factorial Design and Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology) was employed to develop a refined medium for the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic RS5. A refined medium containing 20 g/L of glucose, 27.84 g/L of yeast extract, 5.75 g/L of sodium acetate, 1.12 g/L of Tween 80 and 0.05 g/L of manganese sulphate enhanced the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic RS5 by 108%. The cost of the production medium was reduced by 85% as compared to the commercially available de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium that is typically used for Lactobacillus cultivation. Hence, the refined medium has made the postbiotic RS5 more feasible and cost-effective to be adopted as a feed supplement for various livestock industries.

OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN DESIGNING PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Pusukuri Navya ◽  
Priyarini k ◽  
Tejaswi k ◽  
Prasanthi D
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Central Composite

This review determines various optimization techniques which are used commercially for pharmaceutical formulations. A glance on the terminology used in optimization, about the software which is used for design of experiments and information regarding optimization parameters.In this various experimental designs are listed such as Factorial design, fractional factorial design,mixture design, star design, Plackett-Burmann design,Central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Taguchi design, D-Optimal design,sequential optimization design etc.In this it describes about the future scope of the optimization techniques and also various types of experimental designs used for various research works were listed. Thus optimization techniques plays key role in the formulation of various pharmaceutical formulations which brings prots and save time for pharmaceutical industry.

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