Bone Stress Adaptation Models

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4B) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Basic Concepts

The basic concepts employed in formulating models of the process of stress adaptation in living bone tissue are reviewed. A purpose of this review is to define and separate issues in the formulation of bone remodeling theories. After discussing the rationale and objective of these models, the concepts and techniques involved in the modeling process are reviewed one by one. It is concluded that some techniques will be more successful than others in achieving the goals of computational bone remodeling. In particular, rationale is given for the preference of surface bone remodeling approaches over internal bone remodeling approaches, and for interactive multi-scale level, rather than mono-scale level, computational strategies.

Simulating disease transmission dynamics at a multi-scale level

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe B Hoshen ◽  
Anthony H Burton ◽  
Themis J V Bowcock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals Genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling are highly expressed in the bone of patients with the early-stage cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanying Gao ◽  
Ruiqi Wu ◽  
Rongge Liu ◽  
Jianquan Wang ◽  
Yingfang Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Impingement Zone

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown high expression levels of certain inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic genes in the articular cartilage from the impingement zone of the hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), representing an increased metabolic state. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular properties of bone tissue from the impingement zone of hips with FAI. Methods Bone tissue samples from patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were collected during hip arthroscopy for treatment of cam-type FAI. Control bone tissue samples were collected from six patients who underwent total hip replacement because of a femoral neck fracture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression associated with inflammation and bone remodeling. The differences in the gene expression in bone tissues from the patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were also evaluated based on clinical parameters. Results In all, 12 patients with early-stage cam-type FAI and six patients in the control group were included in this study. Compared to the control samples, the bone tissue samples from patients with FAI showed higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). IL-1 expression was detected only in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression between the patients with FAI and the control group. The patients with FAI having a body mass index (BMI) of >24 kg/m2 showed higher ALP expression (P < 0.05). Further, the expression of IL-6 and ALP was higher in the patients with FAI in whom the lateral center-edge angle was >30° (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated the metabolic condition of bone tissues in patients with early-stage cam-type FAI differed from that of normal bone in the femoral head-neck junction. The expression levels of the genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling were higher in the bone tissue of patients with early-stage cam-type FAI than in the patients with normal bone tissue.

scholarly journals A consensus S. cerevisiae metabolic model Yeast8 and its ecosystem for comprehensively probing cellular metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhong Lu ◽  
Feiran Li ◽  
Benjamín J. Sánchez ◽  
Zhengming Zhu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variations ◽  
Genome Scale

Abstract Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) represent extensive knowledgebases that provide a platform for model simulations and integrative analysis of omics data. This study introduces Yeast8 and an associated ecosystem of models that represent a comprehensive computational resource for performing simulations of the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae––an important model organism and widely used cell-factory. Yeast8 tracks community development with version control, setting a standard for how GEMs can be continuously updated in a simple and reproducible way. We use Yeast8 to develop the derived models panYeast8 and coreYeast8, which in turn enable the reconstruction of GEMs for 1,011 different yeast strains. Through integration with enzyme constraints (ecYeast8) and protein 3D structures (proYeast8DB), Yeast8 further facilitates the exploration of yeast metabolism at a multi-scale level, enabling prediction of how single nucleotide variations translate to phenotypic traits.

Structural Adaptation of Bones

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (5S) ◽  
pp. S126-S133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Environmental Loading ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Wolff’S Law ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry ◽  
Algebraic Formulation

Living bone tissue, like many other connective tissues, is a structural material that adapts its form and microstructure to changing environmental loading conditions. Bone tissue adapts not only its shape, but also its density and the details of its microstructure including its anisotropy. The anisotropy of bone is adapted in both its degree or strength and in the orientation of its principal axes of symmetry. These adaptive features of bone tissue are often referred to as aspects of Wolff’s law, although, strictly speaking, the term “Wolff’s law” applies only to the structural adaptation of spongy or trabecular bone. In this paper the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and structurally adaptive features of bone are briefly reviewed. An algebraic formulation of Wolff’s law at remodeling equilibrium is described, and the nature of an evolutionary Wolff’s law is sketched.

scholarly journals Influence of high insertion torque on implant placement: an anisotropic bone stress analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Salles Sotto-Maior ◽  
Eduardo Passos Rocha ◽  
Erika Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
Amilcar Chagas Freitas-Júnior ◽  
Rodolfo Bruniera Anchieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Maximum Principal Stress ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Solid Works

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the high values of insertion torques on the stress and strain distribution in cortical and cancellous bones. Based on tomography imaging, a representative mathematical model of a partial maxilla was built using Mimics 11.11 and Solid Works 2010 softwares. Six models were built and each of them received an implant with one of the following insertion torques: 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 Ncm on the external hexagon. The cortical and cancellous bones were considered anisotropic. The bone/implant interface was considered perfectly bonded. The numerical analysis was carried out using Ansys Workbench 10.0. The convergence of analysis (6%) drove the mesh refinement. Maximum principal stress (σmax) and maximum principal strain (εmax) were obtained for cortical and cancellous bones around to implant. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the correlation between insertion torque and stress concentration in the periimplant bone tissue, considering the significance level at 5%. The increase in the insertion torque generated an increase in the σmax and εmax values for cortical and cancellous bone. The σmax was smaller for the cancellous bone, with greater stress variation among the insertion torques. The εmax was higher in the cancellous bone in comparison to the cortical bone. According to the methodology used and the limits of this study, it can be concluded that higher insertion torques increased tensile and compressive stress concentrations in the periimplant bone tissue.

Multi-Scale Analysis of Viscoelastic Behavior of Laminated Composite Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Y. Shibuya ◽  
Hideki Sekine
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Laminated Composite Structures ◽  
Multi Scale Analysis

For high temperature applications of laminated composite structures, viscoelastic behavior of laminated composite structures is investigated by multi-scale analysis based on a homogenization theory. Effective viscoelastic properties of the laminas are evaluated by a boundary integral method at a micro-scale level, and viscoelastic analysis for laminated composite structures is performed by a finite element method at a macro-scale level using the effective viscoelastic properties of lamina obtained by the micro-scale analysis. In the multi-scale analysis, the Laplace transformation is adopted and the correspondence principle between elastic and viscoelastic solutions in the Laplace domain is applied. The inverse Laplace transform is formulated by the Duhamel integral, and is calculated numerically. As a numerical example, a laminated composite plate with a hole is treated and the viscoelastic behavior of the laminated composite structure is elucidated.

Phase-induced porous composite microspheres sintered scaffold with protein–mineral interface for bone tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 22005-22014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janani Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gnana Santi Phani Deepika Gandham ◽  
Swaminathan Sethuraman ◽  
Anuradha Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porous Composite ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Composite Microspheres ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

Phase induced porous composite microspheres were solvent/non-solvent sintered to construct 3D multi-scale porous biomimetic scaffolds with and without protein for bone tissue engineering.

Application of a Multi-Scale Mechanobiological Model for Bone Remodeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
EmílioG. F. Mercuri ◽  
AndréL. Daniel ◽  
RobertoD. Machado ◽  
MildredB. Hecke
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Multi Scale

Tailoring in vitro biological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with threshold carbon nanotube concentration for improved cellular response

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 39982-39992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejinder Kaur ◽  
Arunachalam Thirugnanam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Living Bone

The development of living bone tissue constructs with structural, mechanical and functional similarities to natural bone are the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.

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