Novel Nanostructured Media for Gas Storage and Transport: Clathrate Hydrates of Methane and Hydrogen

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Di Profio ◽  
Simone Arca ◽  
Raimondo Germani ◽  
Gianfranco Savelli
Keyword(s):  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Clathrate Hydrates ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters

In the last years the development of fuel cell (FC) technology has highlighted the correlated problem of storage and transportation of gaseous fuels, particularly hydrogen and methane. In fact, forecasting a large scale application of the FC technology in the near future, the conventional technologies of storage and transportation of gaseous fuels will be inadequate to support an expectedly large request. Therefore, many studies are being devoted to the development of novel efficient technologies for gas storage and transport; one of those is methane and hydrogen storage in solid, water-based clathrate hydrates. Clathrate hydrates (CH) are nonstoichiometric, nanostructured complexes of small “guest” molecules enclosed into water cages, which typically form at relatively low temperature-high pressure. In nature, CH of natural gas represent an unconventional and unexploited energy source and methane hydrate technology is already applied industrially. More recently, striking literature reports showed a rapid approach to the possibility of obtaining hydrogen hydrates at room temperature/mild pressures. Methane hydrate formation has been shown to be heavily promoted by some chemicals, notably amphiphiles. Our research is aimed at understanding the basic phenomena underlying CH formation, with a goal to render hydrate formation conditions milder, and increase the concentration of gas within the CH. In the present paper, we show the results of a preliminary attempt to relate the structural features of several amphiphilic additives to the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of methane hydrate formation—e.g., induction times, rate of formation, occupancy, etc. According to the present study, it is found that a reduction of induction time does not necessarily correlate to an increase of the formation rate and occupancy, and so on. This may be related to the nature of chemical moieties forming a particular amphiphile (e.g., the hydrophobic tail, head group, counterion, etc.). Moreover, a chemometric approach is presented which is aimed at obtaining information on the choice of coformers for H2 storage in hydrates at mild pressures and temperatures.

scholarly journals Insights into Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in the Presence of Surfactants

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandey ◽  
Daas ◽  
von Solms
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gas Uptake ◽  
Formation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a well-known surfactant, which can accelerate methane hydrate formation. In this work, methane hydrate formation kinetics were studied in the presence of SDS using a rocking cell apparatus in both temperature-ramping and isothermal modes. Ramping and isothermal experiments together suggest that SDS concentration plays a vital role in the formation kinetics of methane hydrate, both in terms of induction time and of final gas uptake. There is a trade-off between growth rate and gas uptake for the optimum SDS concentration, such that an increase in SDS concentration decreases the induction time but also decreases the gas storage capacity for a given volume. The experiments also confirm the potential use of the rocking cell for investigating hydrate promoters. It allows multiple systems to run in parallel at similar experimental temperature and pressure conditions, thus shortening the total experimentation time. Understanding methane hydrate formation and storage using SDS can facilitate large-scale applications such as natural gas storage and transportation.

Kinetic analysis of dual impellers on methane hydrate formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Nik Longinos ◽  
Mahmut Parlaktuna
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pitched Blade Turbine ◽  
Decline Rate

Abstract This study investigates the effects of types of impellers and baffles on methane hydrate formation. Induction time, water conversion to hydrates (hydrate yield), hydrate formation rate and hydrate productivity are components that were estimated. The initial hydrate formation rate is generally higher with the use of Ruston turbine (RT) with higher values 28.93 × 10−8 mol/s in RT/RT with full baffle (FB) experiment, but the decline rate of hydrate formation was also high compared to up-pumping pitched blade turbine (PBTU). Power consumption is higher also in RT/RT and PBT/RT with higher value 392,000 W in PBT/RT with no baffle (NB) experiment compared to PBT/PBT and RT/PBT experiments respectively. Induction time values are higher in RT/RT experiments compared to PBT/PBT ones. Hydrate yield is always smaller when there is no baffle in all four groups of experiments while the higher values exist in experiments with full baffle. It should be noticed that PBT is the same with PBTU, since all experiments with mixed flow have upward trending.

Quantification of methane hydrate formation in the Large-scale Reservoir Laboratory Simulator (LARS) by numerical simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Thomas Kempka ◽  
Erik Spangenberg ◽  
Judith Schicks
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Transport Simulation ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Hydrate Bearing Sediments

<p>Natural gas hydrates are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional fossil energy sources, and are thus subject to world-wide research activities for decades. Hydrate formation from methane dissolved in brine is a geogenic process, resulting in the accumulation of gas hydrates in sedimentary formations below the seabed or overlain by permafrost. The LArge scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) has been developed (Schicks et al., 2011, 2013; Spangenberg et al., 2015) to investigate the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates under simulated in-situ conditions of hydrate deposits. Experimental measurements of the temperatures and bulk saturation of methane hydrates by electrical resistivity tomography have been used to determine the key parameters, describing and characterising methane hydrate formation dynamics in LARS. In the present study, a framework of equations of state to simulate equilibrium methane hydrate formation in LARS has been developed and coupled with the TRANsport Simulation Environment (Kempka, 2020) to study the dynamics of methane hydrate formation and quantify changes in the porous medium properties in LARS. We present our model implementation, its validation against TOUGH-HYDRATE (Gamwo & Liu, 2010) and the findings of the model comparison against the hydrate formation experiments undertaken by Priegnitz et al. (2015). The latter demonstrates that our numerical model implementation is capable of reproducing the main processes of hydrate formation in LARS, and thus may be applied for experiment design as well as to investigate the process of hydrate formation at specific geological settings.</p><p>Key words: dissolved methane; hydrate formation; hydration; python; permeability.</p><p>References</p><p>Schicks, J. M., Spangenberg, E., Giese, R., Steinhauer, B., Klump, J., & Luzi, M. (2011). New approaches for the production of hydrocarbons from hydrate bearing sediments. Energies, 4(1), 151-172, https://doi.org/10.3390/en4010151</p><p>Schicks, J. M., Spangenberg, E., Giese, R., Luzi-Helbing, M., Priegnitz, M., & Beeskow-Strauch, B. (2013). A counter-current heat-exchange reactor for the thermal stimulation of hydrate-bearing sediments. Energies, 6(6), 3002-3016, https://doi.org/10.3390/en6063002</p><p>Spangenberg, E., Priegnitz, M., Heeschen, K., & Schicks, J. M. (2015). Are laboratory-formed hydrate-bearing systems analogous to those in nature?. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 60(2), 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1021/je5005609</p><p>Kempka, T. (2020) Verification of a Python-based TRANsport Simulation Environment for density-driven fluid flow and coupled transport of heat and chemical species. Adv. Geosci., 54, 67–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-67-2020</p><p>Gamwo, I. K., & Liu, Y. (2010). Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of methane production in a hydrate reservoir. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(11), 5231-5245, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie901452v</p><p>Priegnitz, M., Thaler, J., Spangenberg, E., Schicks, J. M., Schrötter, J., & Abendroth, S. (2015). Characterizing electrical properties and permeability changes of hydrate bearing sediments using ERT data. Geophysical Journal International, 202(3), 1599-1612, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv245</p>

Innovative Approach To Enhance the Methane Hydrate Formation at Near-Ambient Temperature and Moderate Pressure for Gas Storage Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (49) ◽  
pp. 22178-22192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katipot Inkong ◽  
Hari Prakash Veluswamy ◽  
Pramoch Rangsunvigit ◽  
Santi Kulprathipanja ◽  
Praveen Linga
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Moderate Pressure

Experimental Investigation of Methane Hydrate Formation in the Carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) Aqueous Solution

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1042-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Fu ◽  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Litao Chen ◽  
Baojiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wellbore Pressure

Summary In the development of deepwater crude oil, gas, and gas hydrates, hydrate formation during drilling operations becomes a crucial problem for flow assurance and wellbore pressure management. To study the characteristics of methane hydrate formation in the drilling fluid, the experiments of the methane hydrate formation in water with carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) additive are performed in a horizontal flow loop under flow velocity from 1.32 to 1.60 m/s and CMC concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. The flow pattern is observed as bubbly flow in experiments. The experiments indicate that the increase of CMC concentration impedes the hydrate formation while the increase of liquid velocity enhances formation rates. In the stirred reactor, the hydrate formation rate generally decreases as the subcooling condition decreases. However, in this work, with the subcooling condition continuously decreasing, hydrate formation rate follows a “U” shaped trend—initially decreasing, then leveling out and finally increasing. It is because the hydrate formation rate in this work is influenced by multiple factors, such as hydrate shell formation, fracturing, sloughing, and bubble breaking up, which has more complicated mass transfer procedure than that in the stirred reactor. A semiempirical model that is based on the mass transfer mechanism is developed for current experimental conditions, and can be used to predict the formation rates of gas hydrates in the non-Newtonian fluid by replacing corresponding correlations. The rheological experiments are performed to obtain the rheological model of the CMC aqueous solution for the proposed model. The overall hydrate formation coefficient in the proposed model is correlated with experimental data. The hydrate formation model is verified and the predicted quantity of gas hydrates has a discrepancy less than 10%.

Effects of Cyclodextrin Solutions on Methane Hydrate Formation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Nozawa ◽  
Mohammad Ferdows ◽  
Kazuhiko Murakami ◽  
Masahiro Ota
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Advanced Method

In this paper, we suggest the advanced method of methane hydrate formation by cyclodextrin solutions. The structures of the methane hydrate were experimentally investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The induction time of the methane hydrate formation becomes by shorter 10–30 times and formation rate become by faster 2–4 times originated in the increased methane concentration of hydrate formation water by adding cyclodextrins. The results by the Raman spectroscopy indicate that the structure I methane hydrate is produced and methane molecules exist in both Large and Small cages.

Rapid methane hydrate formation to develop a cost effective large scale energy storage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Prakash Veluswamy ◽  
Alison Jia Hui Wong ◽  
Ponnivalavan Babu ◽  
Rajnish Kumar ◽  
Santi Kulprathipanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Storage System

scholarly journals Geomechanical effects of carbon sequestration as CO2 hydrates and CO2-N2 hydrates on host submarine sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 11003
Author(s):  
Shuman Yu ◽  
Shun Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Well ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrate Formation Process

Over the past 10 years, more than 300 trillion kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been emitted into the atmosphere, deemed responsible for climate change. The capture and storage of CO2 has been therefore attracting research interests globally. CO2 injection in submarine sediments can provide a way of CO2 sequestration as solid hydrates in sediments by reacting with pore water. However, CO2 hydrate formation may occur relatively fast, resulting decreasing CO2 injectivity. In response, nitrogen (N2) addition has been suggested to prevent potential blockage through slower CO2-N2 hydrate formation process. Although there have been studies to explore this technique in methane hydrate recovery, little attention is paid to CO2 storage efficiency and geomechanical responses of host marine sediments. To better understand carbon sequestration efficiency via hydrate formation and related sediment geomechanical behaviour, this study presents numerical simulations for single well injection of pure CO2 and CO2-N2 mixture into submarine sediments. The results show that CO2-N2 mixture injection improves the efficiency of CO2 storage while maintaining relatively small deformation, which highlights the importance of injectivity and hydrate formation rate for CO2 storage as solid hydrates in submarine sediments.

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