Experimental Investigation of Methane Hydrate Formation in the Carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) Aqueous Solution

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1042-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Fu ◽  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Litao Chen ◽  
Baojiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wellbore Pressure

Summary In the development of deepwater crude oil, gas, and gas hydrates, hydrate formation during drilling operations becomes a crucial problem for flow assurance and wellbore pressure management. To study the characteristics of methane hydrate formation in the drilling fluid, the experiments of the methane hydrate formation in water with carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) additive are performed in a horizontal flow loop under flow velocity from 1.32 to 1.60 m/s and CMC concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. The flow pattern is observed as bubbly flow in experiments. The experiments indicate that the increase of CMC concentration impedes the hydrate formation while the increase of liquid velocity enhances formation rates. In the stirred reactor, the hydrate formation rate generally decreases as the subcooling condition decreases. However, in this work, with the subcooling condition continuously decreasing, hydrate formation rate follows a “U” shaped trend—initially decreasing, then leveling out and finally increasing. It is because the hydrate formation rate in this work is influenced by multiple factors, such as hydrate shell formation, fracturing, sloughing, and bubble breaking up, which has more complicated mass transfer procedure than that in the stirred reactor. A semiempirical model that is based on the mass transfer mechanism is developed for current experimental conditions, and can be used to predict the formation rates of gas hydrates in the non-Newtonian fluid by replacing corresponding correlations. The rheological experiments are performed to obtain the rheological model of the CMC aqueous solution for the proposed model. The overall hydrate formation coefficient in the proposed model is correlated with experimental data. The hydrate formation model is verified and the predicted quantity of gas hydrates has a discrepancy less than 10%.

Kinetic analysis of dual impellers on methane hydrate formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Nik Longinos ◽  
Mahmut Parlaktuna
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pitched Blade Turbine ◽  
Decline Rate

Abstract This study investigates the effects of types of impellers and baffles on methane hydrate formation. Induction time, water conversion to hydrates (hydrate yield), hydrate formation rate and hydrate productivity are components that were estimated. The initial hydrate formation rate is generally higher with the use of Ruston turbine (RT) with higher values 28.93 × 10−8 mol/s in RT/RT with full baffle (FB) experiment, but the decline rate of hydrate formation was also high compared to up-pumping pitched blade turbine (PBTU). Power consumption is higher also in RT/RT and PBT/RT with higher value 392,000 W in PBT/RT with no baffle (NB) experiment compared to PBT/PBT and RT/PBT experiments respectively. Induction time values are higher in RT/RT experiments compared to PBT/PBT ones. Hydrate yield is always smaller when there is no baffle in all four groups of experiments while the higher values exist in experiments with full baffle. It should be noticed that PBT is the same with PBTU, since all experiments with mixed flow have upward trending.

Quantification of methane hydrate formation in the Large-scale Reservoir Laboratory Simulator (LARS) by numerical simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Thomas Kempka ◽  
Erik Spangenberg ◽  
Judith Schicks
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Transport Simulation ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Hydrate Bearing Sediments

<p>Natural gas hydrates are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional fossil energy sources, and are thus subject to world-wide research activities for decades. Hydrate formation from methane dissolved in brine is a geogenic process, resulting in the accumulation of gas hydrates in sedimentary formations below the seabed or overlain by permafrost. The LArge scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) has been developed (Schicks et al., 2011, 2013; Spangenberg et al., 2015) to investigate the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates under simulated in-situ conditions of hydrate deposits. Experimental measurements of the temperatures and bulk saturation of methane hydrates by electrical resistivity tomography have been used to determine the key parameters, describing and characterising methane hydrate formation dynamics in LARS. In the present study, a framework of equations of state to simulate equilibrium methane hydrate formation in LARS has been developed and coupled with the TRANsport Simulation Environment (Kempka, 2020) to study the dynamics of methane hydrate formation and quantify changes in the porous medium properties in LARS. We present our model implementation, its validation against TOUGH-HYDRATE (Gamwo & Liu, 2010) and the findings of the model comparison against the hydrate formation experiments undertaken by Priegnitz et al. (2015). The latter demonstrates that our numerical model implementation is capable of reproducing the main processes of hydrate formation in LARS, and thus may be applied for experiment design as well as to investigate the process of hydrate formation at specific geological settings.</p><p>Key words: dissolved methane; hydrate formation; hydration; python; permeability.</p><p>References</p><p>Schicks, J. M., Spangenberg, E., Giese, R., Steinhauer, B., Klump, J., & Luzi, M. (2011). New approaches for the production of hydrocarbons from hydrate bearing sediments. Energies, 4(1), 151-172, https://doi.org/10.3390/en4010151</p><p>Schicks, J. M., Spangenberg, E., Giese, R., Luzi-Helbing, M., Priegnitz, M., & Beeskow-Strauch, B. (2013). A counter-current heat-exchange reactor for the thermal stimulation of hydrate-bearing sediments. Energies, 6(6), 3002-3016, https://doi.org/10.3390/en6063002</p><p>Spangenberg, E., Priegnitz, M., Heeschen, K., & Schicks, J. M. (2015). Are laboratory-formed hydrate-bearing systems analogous to those in nature?. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 60(2), 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1021/je5005609</p><p>Kempka, T. (2020) Verification of a Python-based TRANsport Simulation Environment for density-driven fluid flow and coupled transport of heat and chemical species. Adv. Geosci., 54, 67–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-67-2020</p><p>Gamwo, I. K., & Liu, Y. (2010). Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of methane production in a hydrate reservoir. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(11), 5231-5245, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie901452v</p><p>Priegnitz, M., Thaler, J., Spangenberg, E., Schicks, J. M., Schrötter, J., & Abendroth, S. (2015). Characterizing electrical properties and permeability changes of hydrate bearing sediments using ERT data. Geophysical Journal International, 202(3), 1599-1612, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv245</p>

scholarly journals Investigation on Gas Hydrates Formation and Dissociation in Multiphase Gas Dominant Transmission Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Pedapati ◽  
Bhajan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Multiphase System ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation ◽  
Water Cut

In this work, a gas hydrate formation and dissociation study was performed on two multiphase pipeline systems containing gasoline, CO2, water, and crude oil, CO2, water, in the pressure range of 2.5–3.5 MPa with fixed water cut as 15% using gas hydrate rocking cell equipment. The system has 10, 15 and 20 wt.% concentrations of gasoline and crude oil, respectively. From the obtained hydrate-liquid-vapor-equilibrium (HLVE) data, the phase diagrams for the system are constructed and analyzed to represent the phase behavior in the multiphase pipelines. Similarly, induction time and rate of gas hydrate formation studies were performed for gasoline, CO2, and water, and crude oil, CO2, water system. From the evaluation of phase behavior based on the HLVE curve, the multiphase system with gasoline exhibits an inhibition in gas hydrates formation, as the HLVE curve shifts towards the lower temperature and higher-pressure region. The multiphase system containing the crude oil system shows a promotion of gas hydrates formation, as the HLVE curve shifted towards the higher temperature and lower pressure. Similarly, the kinetics of hydrate formation of gas hydrates in the gasoline system is slow. At the same time, crude oil has a rapid gas hydrate formation rate.

Effects of Cyclodextrin Solutions on Methane Hydrate Formation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Nozawa ◽  
Mohammad Ferdows ◽  
Kazuhiko Murakami ◽  
Masahiro Ota
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Advanced Method

In this paper, we suggest the advanced method of methane hydrate formation by cyclodextrin solutions. The structures of the methane hydrate were experimentally investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The induction time of the methane hydrate formation becomes by shorter 10–30 times and formation rate become by faster 2–4 times originated in the increased methane concentration of hydrate formation water by adding cyclodextrins. The results by the Raman spectroscopy indicate that the structure I methane hydrate is produced and methane molecules exist in both Large and Small cages.

scholarly journals Geomechanical effects of carbon sequestration as CO2 hydrates and CO2-N2 hydrates on host submarine sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 11003
Author(s):  
Shuman Yu ◽  
Shun Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Well ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrate Formation Process

Over the past 10 years, more than 300 trillion kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been emitted into the atmosphere, deemed responsible for climate change. The capture and storage of CO2 has been therefore attracting research interests globally. CO2 injection in submarine sediments can provide a way of CO2 sequestration as solid hydrates in sediments by reacting with pore water. However, CO2 hydrate formation may occur relatively fast, resulting decreasing CO2 injectivity. In response, nitrogen (N2) addition has been suggested to prevent potential blockage through slower CO2-N2 hydrate formation process. Although there have been studies to explore this technique in methane hydrate recovery, little attention is paid to CO2 storage efficiency and geomechanical responses of host marine sediments. To better understand carbon sequestration efficiency via hydrate formation and related sediment geomechanical behaviour, this study presents numerical simulations for single well injection of pure CO2 and CO2-N2 mixture into submarine sediments. The results show that CO2-N2 mixture injection improves the efficiency of CO2 storage while maintaining relatively small deformation, which highlights the importance of injectivity and hydrate formation rate for CO2 storage as solid hydrates in submarine sediments.

Simulation of Gas-Hydrate Slurry Stratified Flow With Inward and Outward Hydrate Growth Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohui Shi ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Xiaofang Lv ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

The topic of hydrate formation and blocking in offshore petroleum industry has attracted more and more attentions, which is known as one of the flow assurance issues. A new technology has been proposed to avoid the occurrence of hydrate blockage in multiphase transportation system, which is hydrate slurry flow technology, also named as cold flow technology. The low dosage hydrate inhibitor of anti-agglomerate was added into the flow systems to allow hydrate formation in the liquid phase while it prevented the aggregation of hydrate particles. Thus these particles were evacuated with the liquid phase as pseudo-fluid like slurry. In this work, an inward and outward hydrate growth shell model coupled with two phase flow hydrodynamic model was applied to investigate the characteristics of gas-hydrate slurry stratified flow. The inward and outward hydrate growth shell model considered the kinetics, mass transfer and heat transfer process of hydrate formation, which could predict the hydrate formation rate and the released heat. The two phase flow hydrodynamic model included mass, momentum and energy equations. A case for an inclined pipeline was simulated using the combined models. The results showed that once the kinetic requirements for hydrate crystallization was satisfied, hydrates would form quickly at the initial stage and then hydrate formation rate would decrease obviously due to the limitation of mass transfer and heat transfer. Meanwhile, the flow characteristics, such as the liquid holdup and pressure drop, were predicted by the model, which also provided an acceptable results about the state of hydrates (onset time of formation, formation rate, volume fraction, etc.) in multiphase system for the operation engineers in the field. The key parameters of the inward and outward hydrate growth shell model were determined by referring to the literatures. To investigate the reliability and influence of these set values on the results, a sensitivity analysis of the key parameters of the shell model was implemented. Further works should be done, such as the flow mechanism in other flow regimes as well as the influence of particle aggregation.

Mathematical model of natural gas flow in pipelines in the presence of hydrate formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
V.Sh. Shagapov ◽  
R.R. Urazov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Natural Gas Flow

The flow of wet natural gas in the pipeline is considered in the presence of the formation of gas hydrates on the internal walls of the channel. In the description of the phenomenon, such interrelated processes as phase transformations and mass transfer of water into the composition of gas hydrates, heat transfer between the gas stream and the environment, heat conductivity in the ground are taken into account.

Improved Methane Hydrate Formation Rate Using Treated Activated Carbon and Tetrahydrofuran

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsadawuth Siangsai ◽  
Pramoch Rangsunvigit ◽  
Boonyarach Kitiyanan ◽  
Santi Kulprathipanja
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Hydrate Formation

Modeling of the Kinetics of the Gas Hydrates Formation on the Basis of a Stochastic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Vasyl Klymenko ◽  
Vasyl Gutsul ◽  
Volodymyr Bondarenko ◽  
Viktor Martynenko ◽  
Peter Stets
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Separation Of Gas Mixtures ◽  
Kinetics Of

Recently, more attention has been paid to the development of gas hydrate deposits, the use of gas-hydrated technologies, suitable for energy-efficient transportation of natural gas, the separation of gas mixtures, production and storage of cold, desalinating of seawater, etc. Hydrate formation is one of the main processes of gas-hydrate technological installations. In the article a model is proposed that describes the kinetics of the formation of hydrate in disperse systems, which are characteristic for real conditions of operation of gas-hydrate installations, on the basis of a stochastic approach using Markov chains. An example of numerical calculations is presented on the basis of the proposed model of the dynamics of the total mass of gas hydrates, and changes in the velocity of their formation and size distribution at different values of the nucleation constants and growth rate of the gas hydrates, and results of these calculations are analyzed. It is shown that the rate of formation of hydrate has a maximum value in half the time period of the whole process. The obtained results of the calculations of the dynamics the total mass of gas hydrates are in good agreement with the results of calculations by the equation of kinetics Kolmogorov-Avrami. The proposed model can be applied to the inverse problem: the determination of the nucleation constants and the rate of growth of gas hydrates by the results of the dynamics of the formation of hydrate and the changes in the fractional composition of the generated gas hydrates.

scholarly journals A Thermodynamic Study of Methane Hydrates Formation In Glass Beads

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Tintin Mutiara ◽  
Budhijanto Budhijanto ◽  
I Made Bendiyasa ◽  
Imam Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrates ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Energy Of Hydrogen Bonds

Natural gas hydrates are non-stoichiometry compounds, in which the molecules of gas are trapped in crystalline cells consisting of water molecules retained by energy of hydrogen bonds. The experiments of Methane hydrate formation are performed at constant temperature in a reactor filled with various sizes of glass beads and water. Methane gas was fed into the reactor at various initial pressures. Equilibrium condition was reached when the system pressure did not change. The experimental results showed that the size of the glass beads gave very small effect on the equilibrium pressure of methane hydrate formation, so the effect could be neglected. In this study, the equation of Langmuir constant was Ci,CH4=(1/RT)exp[A+(B/T)] with the values of A and B for small cages were 6.8465 and 18.0342. The values of A and B for large cages were 7.7598 and 18.0361

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