Impact of Brine Flow and Mixing in the Reservoir on Scale Control Risk Assessment and Subsurface Treatment Options: Case Histories

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Mackay ◽  
Myles M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Project Success ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Subsurface Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scale Control

As offshore production environments become ever more complex, particularly in deepwater regions, the risks associated with formation damage due to precipitation of inorganic scales may increase to the point that production by conventional waterflooding may cease to be viable. The ability to predict and control such formation damage can thus become critical to project success under such circumstances. The work described in this paper presents how the risk may be managed from early in the CAPEX phase of projects through to the OPEX phase by use of reservoir simulation tools to better understand the scaling potential in a reservoir and the possibilities for effective scale control. This process is illustrated by reference to a number of field examples where specific scaling problems have been identified, and the ability to implement effective scale management has been impacted by detailed fluid flow and brine-mixing calculations.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Prevents the Progression of Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deling Zou ◽  
Yanyu Li ◽  
Guangping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
And Control

Chronic heart failure (HF) frequently causes progressive decline in kidney function, known as cardiorenal syndrome-2 (CRS2). Current treatment options for CRS2 remain unacceptably limited. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of both HF and chronic kidney disease. Here we examined whether circulating TMAO is elevated in CRS2 and if so, whether attenuation of circulating TMAO would ameliorate the progression of CRS2. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery for myocardial infarction (MI) or sham (week 0) followed by subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy (STNx) or sham at week 4 to induce CRS2 or control. At week 6, MI + STNx rats and control rats received vehicle or 1.0% 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, a TMAO inhibitor) treatment for 8 weeks. Compared with control rats, MI + STNx rats exhibited elevated serum TMAO at week 6, which was increased further at week 14 but was attenuated by DMB treatment. MI + STNx rats showed cardiac dysfunction as assessed by echocardiography and renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased serum creatinine and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and decreased creatinine clearance at week 6. The cardiac and renal dysfunction in MI + STNx rats was exacerbated at week 14 but was prevented by DMB treatment. Molecular and histological studies revealed myocyte hypertrophy and increases in interstitial myocardial fibrosis and gene expression of pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic markers in both heart and kidney at week 14, which were accompanied by elevated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The changes in molecular and histological parameters observed in MI + STNx rats were significantly reduced by DMB treatment. These findings suggest that rats with CRS2 have elevated circulating TMAO, which is associated with the exacerbation of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Attenuation of circulating TMAO can ameliorate cardiac and renal injury and prevents the progression of CRS2.

scholarly journals Human infection withStrongyloides stercoralisand other related Strongyloides species

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS B. NUTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYThe majority of the 30–100 million people infected withStrongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted intestinal nematode, have subclinical (or asymptomatic) infections. These infections are commonly chronic and longstanding because of the autoinfective process associated with its unique life cycle. A change in immune status can increase parasite numbers, leading to hyperinfection syndrome, dissemination, and death if unrecognized. Corticosteroid use and HTLV-1 infection are most commonly associated with the hyperinfection syndrome.Strongyloidesadult parasites reside in the small intestine and induce immune responses both local and systemic that remain poorly characterized. Definitive diagnosis ofS. stercoralisinfection is based on stool examinations for larvae, but newer diagnostics – including new immunoassays and molecular tests – will assume primacy in the next few years. Although good treatment options exist for infection and control of this infection might be possible,S. stercoralisremains largely neglected.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Florian Holsboer ◽  
Theo Rein
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Covalent Modifications ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
And Control

Development of psychiatric diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) invokes, as with most complex diseases, both genetic and environmental factors. The era of genome-wide high throughput technologies has sparked the initiation of genotype screenings in large cohorts of diseased and control individuals, but had limited success in identification of disease causing genetic variants. It has become evident that these efforts at the genomic level need to be complemented with endeavours in elucidating the proteome, transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Epigenetics is attractive in particular because there is accumulating evidence that the lasting impact of adverse life events is reflected in certain covalent modifications of the chromatin.In this review, we outline the characteristics of PTSD as a stress-related disease and survey recent developments revealing epigenetic aspects of stress-related disorders in general. There is also increasing direct evidence for gene programming and epigenetic components in PTSD. Finally, we discuss treatment options in the light of recent discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms of psychotropic drugs.

scholarly journals The Role of Single-Cell Technology in the Study and Control of Infectious Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikang Nicholas Lin ◽  
Matthew Zirui Tay ◽  
Ri Lu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Infection Mechanisms ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
And Control

The advent of single-cell research in the recent decade has allowed biological studies at an unprecedented resolution and scale. In particular, single-cell analysis techniques such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) have helped show substantial links between cellular heterogeneity and infectious disease progression. The extensive characterization of genomic and phenotypic biomarkers, in addition to host–pathogen interactions at the single-cell level, has resulted in the discovery of previously unknown infection mechanisms as well as potential treatment options. In this article, we review the various single-cell technologies and their applications in the ongoing fight against infectious diseases, as well as discuss the potential opportunities for future development.

scholarly journals Treatment Resistant Hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent M. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement Artifacts

<p>Treatment resistant hypertension (TRH) is defined by office blood pressure (BP) uncontrolled on ≥3 or controlled on ≥4 antihypertensive medications, preferably at optimal doses and including a diuretic. Apparent (a)TRH is used when optimal therapy, adherence, and measurement artifacts are unknown. Among treated hy­pertensives, ~30% of uncontrolled and 10% of controlled individuals have aTRH, with a higher prevalence in Blacks than other race-ethnicity groups. In ≥50% of aTRH patients, BP measurement artifacts (‘office’ TRH), suboptimal regimens, or suboptimal adher­ence are present, ie, pseudo-resistance. While patients with ‘office’ TRH have fewer cardiovascular events than those with ‘true’ TRH, no evidence confirms that patients with suboptimal regimens or adherence are spared. Averaging several office BPs obtained with an automated monitor can reduce ‘office’ TRH. Home or ambulatory BP monitoring can identify office resistance. Prescribing ≥3 different antihypertensive medication classes, eg, thiazide-type diuret­ic, renin-angiotensin blocker and calcium antagonist at ≥50% of maximum recom­mended doses reasonably defines optimal therapy. Intensifying diuretic therapy, eg, adding an aldosterone antagonist, is effec­tive for many TRH patients who are volume expanded. Clinical information, hemody­namic and renin-guided therapeutics can inform other treatment options. Attention to adverse effects, medication costs, and pill burden can improve adherence and control. Patients with aTRH and suspected second­ary hypertension should be evaluated. Inter­fering substances or medications should be discontinued. These approaches will identify or correct the problem in ~80% of aTRH patients. Referral to a hypertension special­ist and newer therapeutic approaches are options for TRH patients who cannot take or do not respond to optimal therapy. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015;25(4):495-498; doi:10.18865/ ed.25.4.495</p>

scholarly journals A Multi-Communication-Based Demand Response Implementation Structure and Control Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Hongru Wang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Xingquan Wu ◽  
Yi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Terminal Design ◽  
Hardware In Loop ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Multi Agents

Demand response (DR) is widely accepted as a feasible and potential solution to improve the operation of the power system. In this paper, an economical and practical DR system architecture based on internet and Internet of things (IoT) communication technologies is discussed to achieve wide-area DR control without using an expensive metering infrastructure. Multi agents are introduced with respective control strategies to implement multi-time-scale control in a power system. In order to support quick DR strategies, a novel smart terminal design for the proposed DR system is described with functions of local parameter detection and action. The practicality of the proposed system was validated on a developed hardware-in-loop co-simulation platform.

Trust and control in changing production environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Alpenberg ◽  
D. Paul Scarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Production Environments ◽  
And Control

OPEN ONTOLOGY-BASED INTEGRATION PLATFORM FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250004 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMMI KARHELA ◽  
ANTTI VILLBERG ◽  
HANNU NIEMISTÖ
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Semantic Data Modeling

The benefits of the use of modeling and simulation in engineering are acknowledged widely. It has proven its advantages e.g., in virtual prototyping i.e., simulation aided design and testing as well as in training and R&D. It is recognized to be a tool for modern decision making. However, there are still reasons that slow down the wider utilization of modeling and simulation in companies. Modeling and simulation tools are separate and are not an integrated part of the other engineering information management in the company networks. They do not integrate well enough into the used CAD, PLM/PDM and control systems. The co-use of the simulation tools themselves is poor and the whole modeling process is considered often to be too laborious. In this article we introduce an integration solution for modeling and simulation based on the semantic data modeling approach. Semantic data modeling and ontology mapping techniques have been used in database system integration, but the novelty of this work is in utilizing these techniques in the domain of modeling and simulation. The benefits and drawbacks of the chosen approach are discussed. Furthermore, we describe real industrial project cases where this new approach has been applied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document