Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating, and Cooling Demands

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sancho-Bastos ◽  
Horacio Perez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
And Storage

Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system is developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers are designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It is found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy calls for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance are studied and simulations for different demand cases are performed.

Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating and Cooling Demands

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sancho-Bastos ◽  
Horacio Perez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
And Storage

Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system was developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers were designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It was found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy called for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance were studied and simulations for different demand cases were performed.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Quadcopter Based on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amevi Acakpovi ◽  
François-Xavier Fifatin ◽  
Maurel Aza-Gnandji ◽  
François Kpadevi ◽  
Justice Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Infrastructure Monitoring ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the design and construction and control of a quadcopter drone for Aerial Data Collection (ADC). The frame of the drone was designed using CadDian Software and the parts were printed using a 3D printer. The flight controller was based on Arduino board using an Atmega328p microprocessor with GSM, GPS and GPRS for sending data over the internet and also enhancing long range flight. A feedback control system was developed and tested to control the stability of drone. The proposed control strategy of the drone was tested for a case of pursuit of trajectory and also for speed of response and the findings were very positive confirming the appropriateness of the control measures for independent and autonomous flying with promising precision. This Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) fitted with IoT has the capability of collecting and sending data over the internet and therefore can be used in many applications including risk assessment, forestry management, urban planning, coastal zone management, infrastructure monitoring, post-disaster damage assessment and delivery of medical supplies.

Optimal Lay-Out and Operation of District Heating and Cooling Distributed Trigeneration Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Buoro ◽  
Melchiorre Casisi ◽  
Piero Pinamonti ◽  
Mauro Reini
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Program ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

The paper deals with the optimization of a distributed urban district heating and cooling cogeneration system. The model is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines and a district heating network potentially connecting each considered building to all the others. Absorption machines, supplied with cogenerated heat, can be used instead of conventional electrical chiller to face the cooling demand. In addition, a district cooling network can be introduced, independently from the district heating one. The objective of the paper is to obtain the optimal synthesis and operation strategy of the whole system, in terms of Total Annual Cost for owning, maintaining and operating the system. The solution has to specify the kind, the number and the location of cogeneration equipment and absorption machines, the size and the position of district heating and cooling pipelines as well as the optimal operation of each component. The effects of different plant options, comparing cogeneration and tri-generation machines adoption and district heating and cooling pipelines installation, are considered.

scholarly journals Energy Saving in Processes Using Simple Thermodynamic Models of Utilities

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stehlík ◽  
Aleš Fiaia ◽  
Zdeněk Hajný
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Models ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Steam Boilers

Maximizing heat recovery in the heat exchanger network has to be considered as one of basic steps in a process design. Heating and cooling duties not serviced by heat recovery must be provided by external utilities. Simple thermodynamic models of various types of utilities (furnaces, steam boilers, steam turbines, gas turbines) are described in this paper. These models provide us with a tool for the analysis of utilities selection (provided the process heat and power demand are given), enable us to evaluate fuel burnt, power generated, costs for fuel and for exported/imported power and emissions (CO2, SO2) flowrates on a “local” or a “global” basis. This approach is convenient at the targeting stage of a design and can contribute to a substantial energy saving and flue gas emissions reduction.

A Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant With a Gross Electrical Efficiency of Over 50%

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Broekhuizen ◽  
R. R. van Lavieren ◽  
P. Kamminga
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Main Components

District heating projects in the Netherlands are cogeneration projects with special emphasis on high-efficiency power generation. Together with their customer N.V. IJsselcentrale, Thomassen International B.V., designed a cogeneration system based on gas and steam turbines. The system has following main features: - the gross electrical efficiency of the system is over 50%, which is a highly remarkable achievement in power generation - the main components, 2 gas turbines, a steam turbine and one generator are mounted in line on a single shaft. Successful start up of the plant happened in November 1985, performance tests have shown the target of power generation with an efficiency of 50% is met.

Preparation, Stabilization and Some Properties of Purified Human Plasmin*

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L Kline ◽  
Jacob B Fishman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage

Summary1. Lysine increased the solubility, decreased the SK requirement and increased the stability of plasmin prepared from purified plasminogen by SK activation.2. A procedure is presented for the rapid and quantitative conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and storage of the plasmin in stable form at neutral pH as a lyophilized powder.3. Approximately 10% for the plasminogen molecule was split off during its activation. No carbohydrate was lost.4. The plasmin isolated was homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge at pH 2.5 and was quantitatively convertible to plasminogen activator by the addition of SK.

Optimization of the time the chromatograph thermostats exit to a given temperature

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Vzduleva ◽  
Valery B. Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
The Stability

The problems of ensuring the stability of the temperature of the chromatographic experiment carried out using a serial gas chromatograph LGH-3000 are considered. Limiting the permissible heating rate of the chromatograph thermostats does not allow a quick transition to the new conditions of the chromatographic experiment in accordance with the requirements of the technical conditions. The processes of heating and cooling the thermostat are analyzed. It is shown that the ratio of the duration of the interval equal to the sum of the durations of the heating and cooling intervals to the duration of the heating interval is inversely proportional to the temperature of the chromatographic experiment. Based on this situation, an empirical algorithm is proposed for heating the thermostat to a given temperature, which made it possible to reduce the time it takes to reach a given temperature in the entire range of operating temperatures.

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