scholarly journals Energy Saving in Processes Using Simple Thermodynamic Models of Utilities

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stehlík ◽  
Aleš Fiaia ◽  
Zdeněk Hajný
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Models ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Steam Boilers

Maximizing heat recovery in the heat exchanger network has to be considered as one of basic steps in a process design. Heating and cooling duties not serviced by heat recovery must be provided by external utilities. Simple thermodynamic models of various types of utilities (furnaces, steam boilers, steam turbines, gas turbines) are described in this paper. These models provide us with a tool for the analysis of utilities selection (provided the process heat and power demand are given), enable us to evaluate fuel burnt, power generated, costs for fuel and for exported/imported power and emissions (CO2, SO2) flowrates on a “local” or a “global” basis. This approach is convenient at the targeting stage of a design and can contribute to a substantial energy saving and flue gas emissions reduction.

Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lugand ◽  
C. Parietti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Generators

The new 200 MW class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a three-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 percent. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 percent O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

The Study of the Effects of Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling on the Heat Recovery Boiler Performance

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ameri ◽  
Hamidreza Shahbaziyan ◽  
Hadi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Air Cooling

Heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) are widely used in industrial processes and combined cycle power plants. The quantity and the state of the produced steam depend on the flue gas temperature and its mass flow rate. Two key factors, which affect those parameters, are the ambient temperature and the load of the gas turbines. The output power of the gas turbines degrades considerably in hot days of summer. The use of the inlet air cooling system to eliminate this problem is rapidly increasing. One of the effective methods is cooling the inlet air to the compressor by Evaporative Coolers. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the evaporative inlet air cooling system on the performance of a heat recovery boiler in a combined cycle power plant. The heat and mass balance of a typical HRSG and its components including the superheaters, evaporators and economizers were calculated. To analyze the effects of the changes in ambient temperature and the flue gas flow, a numerical software has been used. The results have shown that using the evaporative cooler will increase the flue gas mass flow rate to the HRSG. Nevertheless, the exhaust gas temperature control system holds this temperature almost constant. Also, the results show that the produced steam temperature remains almost constant. However, the steam mass flow rate increases. Therefore the output power of the steam turbine of the combined cycle will increase. The effect of the increase in the humidity ratio is shown to be insignificant. In fact, it has negligible effect on the produced steam flow rate and the sulfuric acid dew point.

scholarly journals Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lugand ◽  
C. Parietti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Steam Generators

The new 200 MW-class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a 3-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 %. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 % O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

Optimal Planning of a Super Waste Incineration Cogeneration Plant

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ito ◽  
R. Yokoyama ◽  
M. Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Topping Cycle

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of economic and energy-saving characteristics of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant, which is equipped with gas turbines as topping cycle to overcome the drawback of low power generating efficiency of conventional waste incineration cogeneration plants only with steam turbines. Economic and energy-saving characteristics are evaluated using an optimal planning method, which determines capacities and operational strategies of constituent equipment from their many alternatives so as to minimize the annual total cost. Through a case study, advantages of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant are shown in comparison with a conventional one. A parametric study is also carried out with respect to the amounts of waste collected and energy distributed.

The Engineering Practice of a CCHP System With the Condensation Heat Recovery of the Flue Gas in China

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Operation Status ◽  
Combined Cooling

As an energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology, the combined cooling heating and power system (CCHP) had been applied in the field of heating and air conditioning. Chinese researchers recently designed a CCHP system with the condensation heat recovery of the flue gas, which composed of a gas-powered internal combustion engine (ICE), an exhaust-gas-driven absorption heat pump (AHP), a flue gas condensation heat exchanger (CHE), and other assistant facilities, such as pumps, fans, and end user devices. The system was built and operated in 2011. We tested the parameters of the system on the heating and cooling status from the ICE to the CHE, including the temperature and flux of water, the inlet and outlet parameters of different facilities, and the performance of different facilities for a typical operation status. Based on the test results, the overall COP of the system in the heating and cooling mode was computed, and the energy efficiency level was analyzed. The results indicated that the energy utilization efficiency is about 94% on the heating status, and the energy utilization efficiency is about 84% on the cooling status. These results could serve as a reference for designing or evaluating the CCHP systems.

How Combined Cycle Configuration is Impacted by Current Power Market Requirements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Plant Configuration

In the past 20 years, the equipment manufacturers have made significant strives to develop better and more cost effective products: gas turbines, steam turbines, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), water treatment, fuel treatment equipment etc. Consequently, the Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) have become, due to many technological breakthroughs, the most efficient form of electrical power generation from fossil fuel, reaching or exceeding net efficiencies of 60%. We are also witnessing a substantial penetration of Renewable in the power generation mix. The Renewable intermittent nature of generation associated with new grid requirements for spinning reserves and/or frequency control must be considered when new CCPP are conceptually designed. The paper will examine several CCPP configurations, involving one, two, and three gas turbines. Substantial improvements in the efficiency are usually associated with an increased gas turbines electrical output. Various scenarios of plant configurations with targeted, sensible level of integration will be examined. The challenges of major equipment selection (gas turbines, heat recovery steam generator steam turbines, heat sink) for each of the configurations will be examined from an EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) Contractor perspective, based on the lessons learned from the development and execution of more than 30 advanced CCPPs. A special emphasis will be given to the strategy of providing the CCPP with fast start-up, capability, rapid load changes, without negatively impacting part-load efficiencies and emissions. The effect of plant configuration on plant reliability, maintenance requirements and recommended spare parts will also be discussed. Finally the paper describes the lessons learned, in plant configuration selection that can be successfully employed on future projects through judicious equipment selection at the development phase, design optimization and proper project management at the execution phase.

Optimal Planning of a Super Waste Incineration Cogeneration Plant

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Ito ◽  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Makoto Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Topping Cycle

This paper, is concerned with the evaluation of economic and energy saving characteristics of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant, which is equipped with gas turbines as topping cycle to overcome a drawback of low power generating efficiency of conventional waste incineration cogeneration plants only with steam turbines. Economic and energy saving characteristics are evaluated using an optimal planning method which determines capacities and operational strategies of constituent equipment from their many alternatives so as to minimize the annual total cost. Through a case study, advantages of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant are shown in comparison with a conventional one. A parametric study is also carried out with respect to the amounts of waste collected and energy distributed.

Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating and Cooling Demands

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sancho-Bastos ◽  
Horacio Perez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
And Storage

Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system was developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers were designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It was found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy called for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance were studied and simulations for different demand cases were performed.

Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating, and Cooling Demands

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sancho-Bastos ◽  
Horacio Perez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
And Storage

Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system is developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers are designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It is found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy calls for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance are studied and simulations for different demand cases are performed.

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