Using a Concentrating Solar Reactor to Produce Hydrogen and Carbon Black via Thermal Decomposition of Natural Gas: Feasibility and Economics

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Spath ◽  
Wade A. Amos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Field Area

Producing hydrogen in a cost-effective manner while minimizing environmental impacts is a big challenge. Hydrogen can be generated with carbon as a by-product from thermal decomposition of natural gas. A system using a solar reactor to produce hydrogen on-site for fueling stations was examined for its technical and economic feasibility. Integrated energy and material balance calculations were made to determine the amount of hydrogen that could be produced from a given reactor size and heliostat field area. Hourly solar data were applied to the model to properly estimate real storage requirements. This paper gives the results of the study including the greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance.

Natural gas separation at CO2CRC's Otway National Research Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Abdul Qader ◽  
Jai Kant Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
The University

CO2CRC, in collaboration with the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales, is testing two novel CO2 capture technologies designed for both on-shore and off-shore natural gas applications in a state-of-the-art experimental capture rig at CO2CRC’s Otway National Research Facility. The goal is to develop robust and compact technology for high pressure natural gas separation over a range of adjusted high CO2 concentrations mimicking various gas field conditions. These technologies would facilitate developing new gas fields to recover methane in a cost-effective manner which is currently uneconomical with conventional technologies. In the first stage of testing, commercially available materials (adsorbents and membranes) were used for benchmarking. Results from both adsorbent and membrane technologies are encouraging with respect to recovery and purity of CO2 and methane with the prospect of commercial application.

scholarly journals Determination of economic efficiency of using biogas in the conditions of industrial enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kovalenko Viktor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heating Furnaces

To determine the efficiency of biogas use in the existing industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine and Zaporizhia region, in particular, the basic economic indicators of conversion of standard furnace equipment to biogas mixtures from various derivatives and sources available in the region are calculated. The technical feasibility and economic feasibility of using biogas mixtures as an alternative fuel for energy supply of thermal and heating furnaces of industrial enterprises on the example of a real object are determined. It is shown that to use low-calorie fuel in power equipment, taking into account its quality indicators, it is expedient both separately and in combination with traditional energy sources. It is revealed that the economic indicators of projects for the introduction of biogas technologies at metallurgical enterprises differ depending on many initial conditions, such as: sources of origin and chemical composition of biogas; characteristics of power equipment that is converted to such fuel; the proportion of natural gas substitution in the fuel mixture; etc. Based on the trend of constant growth in the cost of traditional energy resources, the introduction and use of their alternative and renewable counterparts in energy-intensive metallurgical enterprises is relevant and, with the right approach, cost-effective Keywords: energy efficiency, biogas technologies, biogas, natural gas, purification, enrichment, industrial furnaces, economic feasibility

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget L. Guerrero ◽  
Stephen H. Amosson ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Jeffrey W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Natural Gas Prices

High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.

Pressure Exchange Heat Pump: Natural Gas Residential Air Conditioning

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Garris ◽  
Chunlei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Pressure Exchange ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning

There is a strong societal need for a thermally-based air conditioning system which can provide cooling in the summer to small homes and businesses. There is currently no technology available today that can fill this vast market in a cost-effective manner. This paper discusses a potentially important technology which has the potential of contributing to this need, as well as helping to reduce carbon emissions. The paper discusses this technology, it potential, and describes some of the preliminary computational work that will lead to its ultimate development.

Pipelines Industry in India: Recent Developments and Future Requirements

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsukh Parekh ◽  
Vipin Chandra Sati
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Set Up

The consumption of petroleum products in India has been growing at a high rate. In order to meet the growing demand for petroleum, additional refining capacity is planned to be created involving augmentation of some of the existing refineries and construction of new refineries. While the refineries will be in a position to meet the demand of petroleum products, the critical and vital issue will be to supply crude oil to the refineries and to reach the products to various consumption centers in an efficient, reliable and cost effective manner. In addition to the liquid petroleum, Natural Gas is emerging as the major source of energy/feedstock. Infrastructure for storage and transportation of Natural Gas are also required to be set up in a big way to meet the projected demand. This can best be done by constructing new pipelines which are recognized worldwide as the most reliable and cost effective mode of transportation of oil and gas. In addition to the requirement for new pipelines, there is a need for upgradation of technology in the existing cross-country pipelines, many of which are more than 20 years old. Moreover, Indian Government has, as part of the process of liberalisation of the economy through a series of measures focused on the infrastructural developments, technology upgradation, trade policies and financial reforms, has opened the core sector of Petroleum to private investment. Thus, considerable scope exists not only for consultants, equipment and material manufacturers/suppliers and contractors for providing their services but also for making investments in the Indian pipeline industry. This paper describes the prospects/opportunities in the Indian pipeline industry.

Strategic planning in grassland farming: Principles andapplications

1997 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
W.J. Parker ◽  
N.M. Shadbolt ◽  
D.I. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Financial Environment

Three levels of planning can be distinguished in grassland farming: strategic, tactical and operational. The purpose of strategic planning is to achieve a sustainable long-term fit of the farm business with its physical, social and financial environment. In pastoral farming, this essentially means developing plans that maximise and best match pasture growth with animal demand, while generating sufficient income to maintain or enhance farm resources and improvements, and attain personal and financial goals. Strategic plans relate to the whole farm business and are focused on the means to achieve future needs. They should be routinely (at least annually) reviewed and monitored for effectiveness through key performance indicators (e.g., Economic Farm Surplus) that enable progress toward goals to be measured in a timely and cost-effective manner. Failure to link strategy with control is likely to result in unfulfilled plans. Keywords: management, performance

scholarly journals Microgrid as a Cost-Effective Alternative to Rural Network Underground Cabling for Adequate Reliability

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Uski ◽  
Erkka Rinne ◽  
Janne Sarsama
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Islanded Operation

Microgrids can be used for securing the supply of power during network outages. Underground cabling of distribution networks is another effective but conventional and expensive alternative to enhance the reliability of the power supply. This paper first presents an analysis method for the determination of microgrid power supply adequacy during islanded operation and, second, presents a comparison method for the overall cost calculation of microgrids versus underground cabling. The microgrid power adequacy during a rather long network outage is required in order to indicate high level of reliability of the supply. The overall cost calculation considers the economic benefits and costs incurred, combined for both the distribution network company and the consumer. Whereas the microgrid setup determines the islanded-operation power adequacy and thus the reliability of the supply, the economic feasibility results from the normal operations and services. The methods are illustrated by two typical, and even critical, case studies in rural distribution networks: an electric-heated detached house and a dairy farm. These case studies show that even in the case of a single consumer, a microgrid option could be more economical than network renovation by underground cabling of a branch in order to increase the reliability.

scholarly journals Novel Regeneration Approach for Creating Reusable FO-SPR Probes with NTA Surface Chemistry

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Jia-Huan Qu ◽  
Karen Leirs ◽  
Remei Escudero ◽  
Žiga Strmšek ◽  
Roman Jerala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Surface Regeneration ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

To date, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been exploited in numerous different contexts while continuously pushing boundaries in terms of improved sensitivity, specificity, portability and reusability. The latter has attracted attention as a viable alternative to disposable biosensors, also offering prospects for rapid screening of biomolecules or biomolecular interactions. In this context here, we developed an approach to successfully regenerate a fiber-optic (FO)-SPR surface when utilizing cobalt (II)-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) surface chemistry. To achieve this, we tested multiple regeneration conditions that can disrupt the NTA chelate on a surface fully saturated with His6-tagged antibody fragments (scFv-33H1F7) over ten regeneration cycles. The best surface regeneration was obtained when combining 100 mM EDTA, 500 mM imidazole and 0.5% SDS at pH 8.0 for 1 min with shaking at 150 rpm followed by washing with 0.5 M NaOH for 3 min. The true versatility of the established approach was proven by regenerating the NTA surface for ten cycles with three other model system bioreceptors, different in their size and structure: His6-tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike fragment (receptor binding domain, RBD), a red fluorescent protein (RFP) and protein origami carrying 4 RFPs (Tet12SN-RRRR). Enabling the removal of His6-tagged bioreceptors from NTA surfaces in a fast and cost-effective manner can have broad applications, spanning from the development of biosensors and various biopharmaceutical analyses to the synthesis of novel biomaterials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document