Use of an Electrically Heated Catalyst to Reduce Cold-Start Emissions in a Bi-Fuel Spark Ignited Engine

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Coppage ◽  
S. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Reduction of cold-start emissions using electrically-heated catalyst (EHC) technology was the focus of this work. Comprehensive emission measurements of CO, CO2,NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC) are reported for a spark-ignited engine operated on baseline gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG). Electric heating times of 0, 20, and 40 s with and without secondary air injection were investigated. The 40-second electric catalyst heating with secondary air injection scenario yielded the greatest catalyst system (EHC+OEM three-way catalyst) conversion efficiencies for THC, CO, and NOx for gasoline and natural gas fueling. Electric catalyst heating coupled with secondary air injection significantly improved THC and CO emissions for gasoline fueling. THC oxidation was difficult for CNG fueling due to the high content of nonreactive methane in the fuel. The independence of NOx emissions on heating time was demonstrated for all fueling cases.

Gas mixing in a multi-stage conversion fluidized bed (MFB) with secondary air injection. Part I: an experimental study

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 36642-36655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Hao ◽  
Zhiyu Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Huo ◽  
Junguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Cold Model ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air

This paper investigated the distribution of secondary air after injection into a multi-stage conversion fluidized bed (MFB) cold model.

Scavenging of Two Stroke Petrol Engine by Using Secondary Air Injection System

2019 ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Sagar Namdev Khurd ◽  
U. B. Andh ◽  
S. V. Kulkarni ◽  
Sandeep S. Wangikar ◽  
P. P. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Injection ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air

scholarly journals STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SECONDARY AIR INJECTION FOR COMPRESSED AIR TRANSPORT IN HORIZONTAL PIPE

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Yoshihito SUZUKI ◽  
Yasumasa KUROSAWA ◽  
Minoru OCHIAI ◽  
Shigekatsu ENDO
Keyword(s):  
Air Injection ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air

scholarly journals Improvement of Solid-Gas Interaction in Fluidized Bed Systems via Secondary Air- Injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizal Mohideen Batcha ◽  
Sulastri Sabudin ◽  
Jamal Hazri Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Electronic Modules Using Various Secondary Air Injection Hole Arrangements

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Jubran ◽  
M. S. Al-Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Injection Hole ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Compound Angle

This paper reports an experimental investigation to study the effects of using various designs of secondary air injection hole arrangements on the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop characteristics of an array of rectangular modules at different values of free-stream Reynolds numbers in the range 8 × 103 to 2 × 104. The arrangement used is either one staggered row of simple holes or one row of compound injection holes. The pitch distances between the injection holes, as well as the injection angles, were varied in both the streamwise and spanwise directions. Generally, the presence of secondary air through the injection hole arrangement can give up to 54 percent heat transfer enhancement just downstream of the injection holes. The amount of heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop across the electronic modules is very much dependent on the design of the injection holes. The simple angle injection hole arrangement tends to give a better heat transfer enhancement and less pressure drop than the compound angle holes.

Cooling-Air Injection Into Secondary Flow and Loss Fields Within a Linear Turbine Cascade

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
R. Murao
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Internal Flows ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Cooling Air

In order to understand overall performance and internal flows of air-cooled turbine blade rows, flows in a model linear cascade were surveyed with secondary air injection from various locations of the blade surfaces. The secondary air interacted with the cascade passage vortices and changed the loss distribution significantly. The cascade overall loss decreased when the air was injected along the mainstream and increased when the air was injected against the mainstream from some locations of the blade leading edge. Effects on overall kinetic energy of the secondary flows and on the cascade outlet flow angle were also discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Effect of Secondary Air Injection on Bed-To-Wall Heat Transfer in a Clrculating Fluidized Bed.

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Cho ◽  
Won Namkung ◽  
Sang Done Kim ◽  
Sunwon Park ◽  
Pyung-Tchai Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Secondary Air Injection ◽  
Secondary Air
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