IMPACT ENERGY AND DUCTILITY INDEX OF KEVLAR REINFORCEMENT WITH KENAF POLYESTER COMPOSITE

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Haznida Bakar ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
C.M. Mardziah ◽  
N.R. Nik Roselina ◽  
Nik Rozlin Nik Masdek
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Ductility Index ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption

This research focuses on the reinforcement of Kevlar in treated kenaf composite, specifically in the study of impact properties as well as the characteristics. The kenaf was treated with 6% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution at a specific period of time before being made into laminates. Impact test was conducted using an instrumented drop tower device at 36J level according to the standard ASTM D7136. Microstructures of the fractured specimens were also analyzed. The results of the study indicated that treated kenaf/Kevlar hybrid composite has better impact absorption energy than pure kenaf composite. Compared to the pure kenaf composite, the hybrid composite absorbs more impact energy and appears to have lower impact damage at the same impact energy level. This is because the Kevlar fibres play an important role to prevent and delay the destruction of composites.

Impact absorption energy of steel pipe beam

1994 ◽  
Vol 150 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Ishikawa ◽  
Tatsuo Hoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption

Influence of Volume Fraction of Bainite on Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel with Excellent Deformability

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
Xiao Yong Zhang ◽  
Hui Lin Gao ◽  
Xue Qin Zhang ◽  
Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption ◽  
Work Hardening Exponent

The pipeline steel with excellent deformability with ferrite and bainite dual-phase microstructure are obtained by inter-critically accelerating cooling method, aiming to get good deformation capability of avoiding failure from the geological disasters such as landslides and earthquake. The influence of volume fraction of bainite on the mechanical properties of dual-phase pipeline steels was investigated by means of microscopic analysis method and mechanical properties testing. The results indicated that both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the steels increase almost linearly with the increasing volume fraction of bainite, while ductility, work hardening exponent and impact absorption energy decrease. When the volume fraction of bainite is about 50%, the yield strength, the yield strength/tensile strength ratio (Y/T), work hardening exponent, uniform elongation and impact absorption energy of X80 pipeline steels with excellent deformability is 665MPa, 0.8, 0.12, 8% and 245J respectively.

Study on Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature of Q345C Steel MAG Welded Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Yong Shou Wu ◽  
Yong Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature ◽  
Brittle Transition Temperature ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Absorption

For Q345C steel MAG welded joints, low temperature tensile test was carried out at normal atmospheric temperature, 0°C,-20°C,-30°C and-40°C in the paper, which results in the law of strength change with temperature. The impact absorption energy of the weld seam sample under different temperature conditions was tested, impact fracture morphology was observed and the parentage of the fibrous fracture surface was assessed. The curve of impact absorption energy and the percentage of the fibrous fracture surface with temperature were fitted by using the Boltzmann function, and ductile brittle transition temperature of Q345C steel MAG welded joints was determined. The test results show that the impact absorption energy of the weld seam can reach 71J at-40°C, and the weld seam is prone to brittle fracture under low temperature. The influences of alloying elements and microstructure on the ductile brittle transition temperature and low temperature impact toughness were discussed, and suggestion is put forward to improve the impact toughness and reduce the ductile brittle transition temperature.

scholarly journals Very-High-Cycle Fatigue and Charpy Impact Characteristics of Manganese Steel for Railway Axle at Low Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Byeong-Choon Goo ◽  
Hyung-Suk Mun ◽  
In-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Absorption

Railway vehicles are being exposed with increasing frequency to conditions of severe heat and cold because of changes in the climate. Trains departing from Asia travel to Europe through the Eurasian continent and vice versa. Given these circumstances, the mechanical properties and performance of vehicle components must therefore be evaluated at lower and higher temperatures than those in current standards. In this study, specimens were produced from a commercial freight train axle made of manganese steel and subjected to high-cycle fatigue tests at −60, −30, and 20 °C. The tests were conducted using an ultrasonic fatigue tester developed to study fatigue at low temperatures. Charpy impact testing was performed over the temperature range of −60 to 60 °C to measure the impact absorption energy of the axle material. The material showed a fatigue limit above 2 million cycles at each temperature; the lower the test temperature, the greater the fatigue limit cycles. The impact absorption energy at −60 °C was 81% less compared to the value at 20 °C. The axle material became completely brittle in the temperature range of −30 to −40 °C.

Assessment of Impact Damage Caused by Dropped Objects on Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Covers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Tauqeer ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Absorption

Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) subsea protection covers are used to protect offshore pipelines, umbilicals and structures from dropped objects released from offshore oil and gas and fishing activities. The aim of the present study is to perform assessment of impact damage caused by various dropped objects on GRP covers with different geometries. Impact energies carried by different selected offshore dropped objects are calculated by using the impact energy method given by NORSOK N-004 [1]. Computed results show a good agreement with the published dropped object impact energy results reported by DROPS [2]. The present study shows that the impact energies carried by dropped objects in oil and gas activities can range from 28 kJ for a small equipment to 2627 kJ for a typical subsea tree. Generally, the impact energies carried by the dropped objects in fishing activities range from 3 kJ to 14 kJ which is less significant than those in oil and gas activities. The impact absorption capacities of three different GRP cover geometries (i.e. square, triangular and semi-circular shapes) are computed based on finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the triangular GRP cover geometry has the highest impact absorption capacity among the three investigated GRP cover geometries.

scholarly journals Impact Resistance of Steel Materials to Ballistic Ejecta and Shelter Development Using Steel Deck Plates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Kohei Tateyama ◽  
Shino Naruke ◽  
Hisashi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Torigata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Corrugated Plates ◽  
Impact Absorption Energy ◽  
Shelter Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ballistic Ejecta

Abstract The destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates) . The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice is used. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.

scholarly journals Impact resistance of steel materials to ballistic ejecta and shelter development using steel deck plates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Kohei Tateyama ◽  
Shino Naruke ◽  
Hisashi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Torigata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Corrugated Plates ◽  
Shelter Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ballistic Ejecta

AbstractThe destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer is installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.

scholarly journals Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer-Based Carbon Textile/Basalt Fiber Hybrid Composite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Chi Hiep Le ◽  
Petr Louda ◽  
Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska ◽  
Iva Dufkova
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
The One ◽  
Dose Levels

This paper presents an experimental research on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite thin-plates of the short basalt fibers (CBFs)/carbon textile-reinforced geomortar. The effect of fiber contents and lengths of CBFs on the flexural behavior of carbon textile-reinforced geopolymer specimens (TRGs) was investigated by the four-point flexural strength and Charpy impact test. The experimental results of hybrid TRGs, on the one hand, were compared with reference TRGs, without CBF addition; on the other hand, they were compared with the results of our previous publication. According to the mixing manner applied, fresh geomortar indicated a marked reduction in workability, increasing the CBF loading. Furthermore, using CBFs with lengths of 12 mm and 24 mm makes it easy to form the fiber clusters in geomortar during mixing. According to all the CBF loadings used, it was found that TRGs showed a significant improvement in both static and dynamic flexural strength. However, the failure mode of these TRGs is similar to that of the reference TRGs, described by the process of fiber debonding or simultaneously fiber debonding and collapse. In comparison with our prior work results, neither the CBF dose levels nor the fiber lengths used in this work have yielded a positive effect on the failure manner of TRGs. According to the results of the Charpy impact test, this reveals that the anchoring capacity of textile layers in geomortar plays an important role in specimens’ strength.

IMPACT RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF KEVLAR/GLASS FIBER HYBRID COMPOSITE LAMINATES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazean Shaari ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
M. Khafiz M. Razif
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact behavior of Kevlar/glass fiber hybrid composite laminates was investigated by performing the drop weight impact test (ASTM D7136). Composite laminates were fabricated using vacuum bagging process with an epoxy matrix reinforced with twill Kevlar woven fiber and plain glass woven fiber. Four different types of composite laminates with different ratios of Kevlar to glass fiber (0:100, 20:80, 50:50 and 100:0) were manufactured. The effect of Kevlar/glass fiber content on the impact damage behavior was studied at 43J nominal impact energy. Results indicated that hybridization of Kevlar fiber to glass fiber improved the load carrying capability, energy absorbed and damage degree of composite laminates with a slight reduction in deflection. These results were further supported through the damage pattern analysis, depth of penetration and X-ray evaluation tests. Based on literature work, studies that have been done to investigate the impact behaviour of woven Kevlar/glass fiber hybrid composite laminates are very limited. Therefore, this research concentrates on the effect of Kevlar on the impact resistance properties of woven glass fibre reinforced polymer composites.

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