Effect of Coolant Temperature on Progressive Freeze Concentration of Refined, Bleached and Deodorised Palm Oil based on Process Efficiency and Heat Transfer

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshafika Yahya ◽  
Zaki Yamani Zakaria ◽  
Noorhalieza Ali ◽  
Mazura Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Conventional Fractionation ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency

In this paper, raw material of refined bleached and deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) was separated into olein and stearin by applying progressive freeze concentration (PFC) as an alternative method to replace the conventional fractionation process using coil crystallizer. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) was analyzed from the process by varying different coolant temperature values since both of them are closely related each other. In this case, heat transfer efficiency depends strongly on crystal of stearin formed on the inner wall of cooled surface and is explained theoretically from that angle.  At optimum flowrate, operation time and initial iodine value (IV), the best results were observed at 28ºC of coolant temperature where high IV of olein and effective partition constant (K) obtained were 55.8 wijs and 0.27 respectively. Meanwhile, the highest U obtained at coolant temperature 28oC same as result for process efficiency at 392.9183 W/m².K and time at 55 min.

Progressive Freeze Concentration of Coconut Water: Effect of Coolant Temperature on Process Efficiency and Heat Transfer

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Safiei Nor Zanariah ◽  
Mohamed Nor Noor Naimah ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Zaki Yamani Zakaria ◽  
Jusoh Mazura
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Water Effect ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency

In this research, coconut water was concentrated by applying progressive freeze concentration (PFC) using coil crystallizer. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) was analyzed from the process by varying different coolant temperature values since both of them are closely related. In this case, heat transfer efficiency depends strongly on ice crystal formed on the inner cooled surface and is explained theoretically from that angle. At optimum flowrate, operation time and initial concentration best results were observed at-10oC of coolant temperature where the concentration efficiency and effective partition constant (K) obtained were 48% and 0.2 respectively. Meanwhile, U obtained at the first and second stages were 183.0046 W/m2oC but dropped at lower value at later stage at 154.9625 W/m2oC due to ice fouling.

Effect of Coolant Temperature on Progressive Freeze Concentration of Refined, Bleached and Deodorised Palm Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazura Jusoh ◽  
Norshafika Yahya ◽  
Farah Hanim Ab. Hamid ◽  
Nor Zanariah Safiei
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
K Value ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Conventional Fractionation ◽  
Slip Melting Point ◽  
Unit Operations

This study focused on the possibility of separating refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) into olein and stearin by using progressive freeze concentration (PFC) as an alternative method to replace the conventional fractionation process. PFC has the potential to be a more effective technique for olein-stearin separation, with minimal changes in the product’s quality for producing high quality edible oil. Apart from that, it requires fewer unit operations compared to conventional methods. In this research, the parameter of coolant temperature was selected to investigate the performance of PFC using stainless steel crystallizer. In order to determine the system efficiency, effective partition constant (K) was investigated, while the quality of the oil was evaluated by iodine value (IV), slip melting point (SMP) and the percentage of olein yield. From the results, all the determinant parameters were found to be optimum at the coolant temperature of 28°C. At this optimum point, K value, IV, SMP and olein yield were found to be 0.2715, 55.84 wijs, 23.10°C and 67.8537%, respectively.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on Heat Transfer Efficiency of Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers with Three Canisters

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Guangyi Pu ◽  
Xiaoyin Li ◽  
Fangyang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Switch Time ◽  
Volatile Organic

The heat transfer efficiency of a regenerative thermal oxidizer with three canisters used for volatile organic compounds treatment was studied using numerical simulation methods. A one-dimensional model that took into account the variation of physical parameters with temperature was built. The results show that the preheating temperature and outlet temperature tend to be stable as the operation time is increased. The heat transfer efficiency of equipment was mainly evaluated by heat recovery efficiency and energy recovery ratio under steady state conditions, which was affected by the inlet gas flow and temperature, valve switch time, combustion temperature, materials and porosity of the regenerative medium, and packing height. With the increase in packing cross-sectional area and packing height, the increase in heat transfer efficiency leads to an increase in equipment cost. Simultaneously, the shorter the valve switch time and the higher the density of the regenerative medium battery also help to improve the heat transfer efficiency without blocking equipment. Unless the removal efficiency of volatile organic compound treatment is reduced, it is recommended to reduce the inlet and combustion temperatures.

Desalination of seawater through progressive freeze concentration using a coil crystallizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Hanim Ab. Hamid ◽  
Norfatiha A. Rahim ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Zaki Yamani Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Crystal Block

In this century, the shortage of clean water supply is an issue of concern and the problem is expected to become more serious in the future. Consequently, researchers are trying to find the best solution to address this problem by introducing new desalination technologies that are able to accommodate the increasing demand for clean water. One of the new technologies introduced is desalination of seawater through freeze concentration. In this study, progressive freeze concentration (PFC) was implemented to produce pure water in the form of an ice crystal block, leaving behind higher concentration seawater using a coil crystallizer. The effect of operating parameters such as initial concentration and coolant temperature were investigated. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the system was reviewed based on the value of the effective partition constant K which is defined by the ratio of solute in ice and liquid phase. A low value of K indicates when the system is most efficient. In addition, the results for the overall heat transfer coefficient are also presented to observe the heat transfer involved in the system.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT OF MOUNTAIN MASSIVE ON TEMPERATURE MODE OF GEOTHERMAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Temperature Mode ◽  
Heat Influx ◽  
Stationary Heat Transfer

Based on the solution of the problem of non-stationary heat transfer during fluid motion in underground permeable layers, dependence was obtained to determine the operating time of the geothermal circulation system in the regime of constant and falling temperatures. It has been established that for a thickness of the layer H <4 m, the influence of heat influxes at = 0.99 and = 0.5 is practically the same, but for a thickness of the layer H> 5 m, the influence of heat inflows depends significantly on temperature. At a thickness of the permeable formation H> 20 m, the heat transfer at = 0.99 has virtually no effect on the thermal processes in the permeable formation, but at = 0.5 the heat influx, depending on the speed of movement, can be from 50 to 90%. Only at H> 50 m, the effect of heat influx significantly decreases and amounts, depending on the filtration rate, from 50 to 10%. The thermal effect of the rock mass with its thickness of more than 10 m, the distance between the discharge circuit and operation, as well as the speed of the coolant have almost no effect on the determination of the operating time of the GCS in constant temperature mode. During operation of the GCS at a dimensionless coolant temperature = 0.5, the velocity of the coolant is significant. With an increase in the speed of the coolant in two times, the error changes by 1.5 times.

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

scholarly journals Effects of the Wall Properties on the Cooling Efficiency in a Thermosyphon Containing PCM Suspensions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Ching-Jenq Ho ◽  
Shih-Ming Lin ◽  
Chi-Ming Lai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Ratio ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Heating Section ◽  
Cooling Section ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Parameter Ranges

This study explores the effects of pipe wall properties (thermal conductivity k and wall thickness tw) on the heat transfer performance of a rectangular thermosyphon with a phase change material (PCM) suspension and a geometric configuration (aspect ratio = 1; dimensionless heating section length = 0.8; dimensionless relative elevation between the cooling and the heating sections = 2) that ensures the optimum heat transfer efficiency in the cooling section. The following parameter ranges are studied: the dimensionless loop wall thickness (0 to 0.5), wall-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.1 to 100), modified Rayleigh number (1010 to 1011), and volumetric fraction of PCM particles (0 to 10%). The results show that appropriate selection of k and tw can lead to improved heat transfer effectiveness in the cooling section of the PCM suspension-containing rectangular thermosyphon.

CFD-based structure optimization of plate bundle in plate-fin heat exchanger considering flow and heat transfer performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Haiqing Si ◽  
Jingxuan Qiu ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
Peihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency

Abstract The plate-fin heat exchanger has been widely applied in the field of air separation and aerospace due to its high specific surface area of heat transfer. However, the low heat transfer efficiency of its plate bundles has also attracted more attention. It is of great significance to optimize the structure of plate-fin heat exchanger to improve its heat transfer efficiency. The plate bundle was studied by combining numerical simulation with experiment. Firstly, according to the heat and mass transfer theory, the plate bundle calculation model of plate-fin heat exchanger was established, and the accuracy of the UDF (User-Defined Functions) for describing the mass and heat transfer was verified. Then, the influences of fin structure parameters on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of channel were discussed, including the height, spacing, thickness and length of fins. Finally the influence of various factors on the flow field performance under different flow states was integrated to complete the optimal design of the plate bundle.

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