scholarly journals Friction Resistance of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) Palm Olein Using Modified Pin-on-disk Tribotester

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Izhan ◽  
A. K. Mohammed Rafiq ◽  
S. Syahrullail
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Wear Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk

Daya geseran untuk minyak sawit olein yang ditapis, diluntur dan dinyahbau (RBD olein) telah dinilai dengan menggunakan alat tribotester pin-atas-cakera. RBD olein telah dipilih kerana sifat-sifat unggul tribologi dan pengeluarannya yang besar di Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, 5ml minyak RBD olein telah digunakan pada cakera beralur. Pin yang mempunyai hujung rata telah digunakan sebagai bahan ujikaji. Cakera dan pin diperbuat daripada titanium alloy. Beban normal yang dikenakan pada pin ialah 4.96N dan 19.68N. Ujikaji telah dijalankan selama satu jam. Kadar haus pin dan pekali geseran telah dikira. Ujikaji yang sama telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan minyak hidraulik komersial dan minyak mineral jenis parafinik yang tidak mengandungi bahan tambah. Pekali geseran yang dihasilkan oleh pelinciran minyak sawit RBD olein adalah terendah berbanding minyak mineral parafinik pada kedua-dua jenis beban(4.96N dan 19.68N). Bagaimanapun, minyak sawit RBD olein menunjukkan kadar haus yang tinggi berbanding minyak mineral parafinik pada beban normal 19.68N. Kata kunci: Pin-atas-cakera; minyak sawit; palm olein; haus; pekali geseran A friction resistance of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein was evaluated using a modified pin-on-disk tribotester. RBD palm olein was selected due to its superior tribological properties and large production in Malaysia. In this research, 5ml of RBD palm olein was applied on the rotating grooved-disk. The flat-ended pin was used as a specimen. The material was titanium for both pin and disk. The normal loads applied are 4.96N and 19.68N. The experiments were run for one hour. The wear rate of the pin and friction coefficient was calculated. Same experiments were conducted using commercial hydraulic oil and additive-free paraffinic mineral oil. The results were compared with RBD palm olein. The friction coefficient with the lubrication of RBD palm olein was the lowest for 4.96N and 19.68N under normal load conditions. Wear rate obtained by RBD palm olein at normal load 4.96N was the lowest; however, RBD palm olein showed a high wear rate when high normal load (19.68N) was applied. Keywords: Pin-on-disk; palm oil; palm olein; wear; friction coefficient

Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Speeds Applied with Palm Olein Using Pin-on-Disk Tester

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 946-950
Author(s):  
M.I. Izhan ◽  
Jazair Yahya Wira ◽  
Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir ◽  
Samion Syahrullail
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Pin On Disk

The wide use of conventional lubricants causes pollution to the environment and the rising awareness on green house effect has triggered the use of environmental friendly and biodegradable lubricants in the industries. Palm olein was selected to be a candidate due to its superior tribological properties and large production in country. In the research, the behavior of palm olein characteristic was investigated by using pin-on-disk experiment in which the pin was loaded against the rotating grooved disk. The experiments by sliding were performed via pin on disk tester using stainless steel as the material for both flat ended pin and grooved disk. The test were carried out by dropping 5 ml of palm olein as lubricant on the sliding surface at two different speeds which were 0.25 and 1 m/s. In this study, the wear rate of the pin and friction coefficient was investigated. The weight loss and surface roughness before and after experiment were analyzed. All the results obtained were compared to hydraulic oil and paraffinic mineral oil. From the analysis, friction coefficient acquired with lubrication of palm olein was the lowest for both conditions, while the wear rate obtained also showed a similar trend. The pin lubricated with palm show the lowest result of wear rate and weight loss.

The Effect of Sliding Speed on Friction and Wear of RBD Palm Olein

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Jazair Yahya Wira ◽  
W.B. Wan Nik ◽  
Chiong Ing Tiong
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein

In this paper, the effect of sliding speed on the anti-friction of RBD palm olein was investigated using four-ball tribotester. The speeds were varied from 800 to 1400 rpm. The normal load was set to 40 kg and the test oil was heated up to 75 °C before the experiments. The result showed that palm olein has low friction coefficient compared to additive-free paraffinic mineral oil.

Wear Behavior of Titanium Alloy Lubricated with Palm Olein as Bio-Lubricant Using Pin-On-Disk Tester

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrullail Samion ◽  
Mohd Izhan Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Pin On Disk

The wear mechanism of titanium alloy lubricated with fixed amount of palm olein was investigated using modified pin-on-disk tester. Titanium alloy has high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent mechanical properties such as superb corrosion resistance. This make titanium alloy was chosen for the critical or high temperature/pressure application such as turbine engine parts. Palm oil was chosen for the development of bio-lubricant to replace or minimize the usage mineral oil base lubricant. Palm oil is a vegetable oil which is non-toxic to human and has high decomposition rate. These factors give advantages to palm oil to be produce as an industrial lubricant. The experimental works were performed using a pin-on-disk tribotester, using titanium as the material for both flat ended pin and grooved disk. The test were implemented by dripping 5ml of RBD palm olein as a lubricating oil on the sliding surface at constant speed, which was 0.5m/s using different loads, which were 5N, 20N, 40N and 80N. In this study, the wear rate of the pin and friction coefficient were investigated. The weight loss and surface roughness before and after experiment were analyzed. All the results obtained were compared to commercial hydraulic oil and additive-free paraffinic mineral oil. From the analysis, the friction coefficient acquired with lubrication of RBD palm olein was the lowest compared to commercial hydraulic oil and additive-free paraffinic mineral oil at all loads applied. It could be concluded that RBD palm olein has good lubricity performance and has the capability to be developed as a lubricant. 

Friction and Wear Performance of Double Fraction Palm Olein Lubricant Using Pin-on-Disk Tribometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Noorawzi Nuraliza
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Worn Surface

In the present of analysis, the wear rate and friction coefficient of various material is investigated and it were compared below the result of sliding speed wherever the equipment pin on disk machine has been used. Experiments were carried out with 2 totally different pins fabricated from aluminum alloy (AA5083) and pure aluminum (A1100). Experiments were conducted at normal load in step with according to testing, 10 N with totally different sliding speed 1, 3, 5 m/s ,continuous flow lubricating substance, double fraction palm olein (DFPO). The result shows that the material from pure aluminum higher material compared to the aluminum alloy in sliding condition. The morphology of the worn surface was ascertained using high optical research. The magnitude of the friction constant and wear rate are totally different in material depending on the speeds and additionally material.

Wear Characterization of Aluminum Lubricated with Palm Olein at Different Normal Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Ahmad Mohd Azmi ◽  
Norzahir Sapawe ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sliding Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Wear Characterization

The pin-on-disk tester is a method used for investigating wear. The sliding mechanism between the pin and the disc experimentally creates wear. In this paper, the wear characteristics of an aluminium pin sliding on an SKD11 disc lubricated with double fraction palm olein were investigated. The pin was made from pure aluminum A1100. The results were compared with those of tests in which the disc was lubricated with commercial hydraulic oil. In both sets of experimental conditions, the normal load varied from 4 to 10 kg. Rotational speed was set to 1200 rpm. From this study, it was found that different types of lubricant affect the wear progression and friction coefficient during a sliding movement. The wear progression and friction coefficient depend also on the load applied, surface roughness, pressure applied and contact surface area.

The Tribological Characteristic of the Blends of Rbd Palm Olein with Mineral Oil Using Four-ball Tribotester

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan Jabal ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
S. Syahrullail
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Mineral Lubricant ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

Vegetable oils are sustainable fluids which have been promoted to replace petroleum-based oils due to its environment friendly characteristics; it is being a very important supply of biolubricant. The excellent advantage of vegetable oil is the fact it is really which can be used environment friendly supplier. In addition, vegetable oil based lubricant clearly show the possibility to minimize carbon monoxide also hydrocarbon emissions when used in IC engines. There are basically two different ways to using vegetable oil to be a bio-lubricant, either one by directly use the pure vegetable oil with additives or use certain blending ratio of vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the blending ratio of mineral oil with RBD palm olein on the tribological characteristics were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by using the four ball tribotester. The blending ratio was varied from neat with interval of 20% by volume. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the blend of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or pure RBD palm olein.

Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate of Different Materials Sliding Against Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Ss 304

This paper examines the relation between friction/wear and different types of steel materials under different normal loads and sliding velocities and to explore the possibility of adding controlled normal load and sliding velocity to a mechanical process. In order to do so, a pin on disc apparatus is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out when different types of disc materials such as stainless steel 304 (SS 304), stainless steel 316 (SS 316) and mild steel slide against stainless steel 304 (SS 304) pin. Variations of friction coefficient with the duration of rubbing at different normal loads and sliding velocities are investigated. Results show that friction coefficient varies with duration of rubbing, normal load and sliding velocity. In general, friction coefficient increases for a certain duration of rubbing and after that it remains constant for the rest of the experimental time. The obtained results reveal that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load for all the tested materials. It is also found that friction coefficient increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the materials investigated. Moreover, wear rate increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. At identical operating condition, the magnitudes of friction coefficient and wear rate are different for different materials depending on sliding velocity and normal load.

EVALUATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DOUBLE FRACTIONATED PALM OLEIN AT DIFFERENT LOADS USING PIN-ON-DISC MACHINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nuraliza ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
M.N. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pin On Disc

The use of vegetable oil-based lubricant as a lubricant in various applications has increased and it is eyed by the industry due to its superior tribological properties, besides possessing the potential to replace petroleum-based lubricants. Palm olein is one of alternative lubricants that could be suitable and attractive as a lubricant to be studied due to its advantages and large production in the country. Thus, in this study, the behavior of palm olein characteristics was investigated by using pin-on-disc experiment, in which a hemispherical pin was loaded against the rotating grooved disc. The experiments via sliding were performed with pin-on-disc tester using pure aluminum as the material for hemispherical pin and SKD11 for disc. The test was implemented by dropping continuous flow of palm olein as lubricating oil on sliding surface at different loads applied, which were 10N, 50N, and 100N. The wear rate of the pin and the friction coefficient were also investigated. Moreover, the surface roughness before and after the experiment was analyzed as well. All the results obtained were compared to hydraulic oil and engine oil-SAE 40. From the analysis, the friction coefficient acquired from lubricated with palm olein was the lowest for both conditions. The wear rate obtained for the three lubricants increased from 10N to 100N load for palm oil, but decreased for hydraulic and engine oil-SAE 40. Meanwhile, the wear rate obtained for lubrication with hydraulic oil showed the lowest value compared to Engine oil-SAE 40 and double fractionated palm olein. 

Friction Characteristics of RBD Palm Olein Using Four-Ball Tribotester

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 936-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Jazair Yahya Wira ◽  
W.B. Wan Nik ◽  
W.N. Fawwaz
Keyword(s):  
Palm Olein ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Frictional Torque ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Temperature Work

In this study, the effect of load on the tribological performance of RBD palm olein is investigated using a four-ball wear tester according to the standard test of ASTM D4172. Tests were conducted with 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg normal loads. The experimental temperature and rotational speed were held constant at 75 °C and 1200 rpm, respectively. The test duration was 60 minutes in all cases. For each load, the tribological properties of RBD palm olein were compared with the properties of additive-free paraffinic mineral oil. The results focused on the frictional torque, wear scar diameter, friction coefficient and the flash temperature. Following the completion of the wear test experiments, the ball wear condition and lubricant properties were observed. These results show that RBD palm olein has a lower coefficient of friction than paraffinic mineral oil; however showed a high oxidation effect under high temperature work conditions.

Transition of Wear Mechanisms of Plasma Source Nitrided AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel Against Ceramic Counterface

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Li ◽  
Z. Y. Wang ◽  
M. K. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Phase Layer ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Aisi 316

A single high-nitrogen face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) phase (γN) layer formed on the plasma source nitrided AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel at a nitriding temperature of 450 °C for a nitriding time of 6 h. An approximately 17 μm-thick γN layer has a peak nitrogen concentration of about 20 at. %. Tribological properties of the γN phase layer on a ball-on-disk tribometer against an Si3N4 ceramic counterface under a normal load of 2 and 6 N with a sliding speed of 0.15 to 0.29 m/s were investigated by friction coefficient and specific wear rate measurement. Worn surface morphology and wear debris were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The microhardness of the γN phase layer on the nitrided stainless steel was measured as about 15.1 GPa. The change in the friction coefficient of the γN phase layer on the stainless steel was dependent on the applied normal load, which was associated with that in the specific wear rate. Under a lower normal load of 2 N, the lower specific wear rate of the γN phase layer with a sliding speed of 0.15 m/s was obtained as 2.8 × 10−6 mm3/N m with a friction coefficient of 0.60. Under a higher normal load of 6 N, the lower specific wear rate with a sliding speed of 0.29 m/s was 7.9 × 10−6 mm3/N m with a friction coefficient of 0.80. When the applied load increased from 2 to 6 N, a transition of the wear mechanisms from oxidative to abrasive wear was found, which was derived from the oxidation reaction and the h.c.p. martensite phase transformation of the γN phase during the wear tests, respectively.

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