Rheological Behaviour of Novel Feedstock for Manufacturing Porous Stainless Steel via (MIM)-PSH

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Koon Tatt ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Heng Shye Yunn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
New Class ◽  
Porous Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Metal foam has emerged as a new class material that can be used in structural and functional applications. Because of its excellent mechanical and physical properties, it has been extensively used in aerospace, automotive and medical industries. There are several ways to produce the metal foams. In this study, a net shape foaming technology namely Metal injection moulding-Powder space holder method (MIM-PSH) was used to produce the porous metal. A novel space holder, glycine was mixed with the water atomized stainless powder, palm stearin and polyethylene binder. Rheological behaviours of the feedstocks were fully investigated. The volume fraction of glycine was varied for 50% and 70%, to study its effect on the rheological properties. The results showed that all feedstocks exhibit shear thinning behaviour. As the volume fraction of space holder increased, the viscosities of feedstocks are increased. The activation energy, E is proportional to the amount of space holder used. All feedstocks are found to be suitable for MIM-PSH to produce the porous stainless steel.

Mechanical Properties of Porous Stainless Steel Metal Fibre Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chao Qiao ◽  
Zheng Ping Xi ◽  
Hui Ping Tang ◽  
Jian Yong Wang ◽  
Ji Lei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Metal Fiber ◽  
Porous Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Metal Materials

Porous metal fiber media have traits of metal materials and functional materials. Porous metal fiber media are gaining popularity in engineering applications due to their special properties, such as lower density, larger specific surface area, higher mechanical strength and excellent permeability. In this paper, the recent development of fabrication methods and the various properties of porous metal fiber media were reviewed. Porous metal fiber media are divided into structural and functional applications. The mechanical and physical properties of porous metal fiber media, including tensile property and compressive property were analyzed. Porosity and the sintering process play an important role in the mechanical properties of porous metal fiber media.

Processing of Porous Stainless Steel by Compaction Method Using Egg Shell as Space Holder

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zulaikha Abdullah ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Azzura Ismail ◽  
Najeed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Stainless Steel ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Compaction Method ◽  
Matrix Powder

Development of lightweight materials becomes essential and has been applied for various structural and functional applications in industrial field since last decade. Porous metal can contribute to lightweight material with great mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In this study, porous stainless steel was fabricated by using powder metallurgy technique and egg shell as a new potential space holder material. Stainless steel 316L was used as metal matrix powder, egg shells as space holder material, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as binder to increase the green density of the preforms. The material was mixed using roller mill before the mixtures are ready to the next process of compaction by using uniaxial pressing machine. The samples were sintered to two-stage sintering at temperature 1000°C in a tube furnace. Physical properties of porous stainless steel were studies by performing density and porosity test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) apparatus was used to characterize morphology properties. The results show that, porous stainless steel with the composition of 30 wt. % of egg shells added into formulation yields the highest porosity compared to other compositions and the distribution of pores can be classify as micro-pores.

COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS TI-6AL-4V WITH PALM STEARIN BINDER SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Mohamad Nor ◽  
J.B Saedon ◽  
N. A. A. Kasim ◽  
M. H. Ismail ◽  
Hazran Husain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Binder System ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Different Temperatures

Most Ti-6Al-4V implant used today are often much stiffer than human bone. However, the young modulus of those Ti-6Al-4V implants can be reduced through the formation of porous structure. Palm stearin binder system with an addition of sodium chloride as space holder has been established in the fabrication of porous Ti-6Al-4V. Thus, this paper focuses on the compressive mechanical properties of porous Ti-6Al-4V with utilization of palm stearin binder system along with sodium chloride (NaCl) as the space holder. The evaluated compositions consist of the powder volume fraction of 63vol% and 65vol%. The samples were compacted by thermal compacting machine at temperature of 160oC. Two different debinding processes involved, which are heptane solvent and water leaching. Then the samples were sintered up to three different temperatures, which are 1200oC, 1250oC and 1300oC. Mechanical properties of the porous Ti-6Al-4V were characterized by axial compression testing. The maximum compressive stress and Young’s modulus of the samples were determined to be 403.87MPa and 9.92GPa.

scholarly journals Corrosion Protection of Injection Molded Porous 440C Stainless Steel by Electroplated Zinc Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Matti Kultamaa ◽  
Kari Mönkkönen ◽  
Jarkko J. Saarinen ◽  
Mika Suvanto
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Controlled Porosity ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Internal Pore Structure

Zinc electroplating was used to enhance corrosion resistance of porous metal injection molded 440C stainless steel. Controlled porosity was achieved by the powder space holder technique and by using sodium chloride as a space holder material. The internal pore structure of porous 440C was deposited by zinc using electroplating with three different electrolytes of zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, and zinc chloride. Our results show that all zinc depositions on porous 440C samples significantly improved corrosion resistance. The lowest corrosion was observed with zinc acetate at 30 wt.% porosity. The developed zinc coated porous 440C samples have potential in applications in corrosive environments.

scholarly journals Production of Porous Stainless Steel using the Space Holder Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Koon Tatt Tan ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Yih Shia Kok
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Stainless Steel

Metallic foams and porous materials can be produced by various methods. Among the methods that can produce metallic foams and porous materials, powder metallurgy is a promising method. This study investigates the production of a porous stainless steel by the space holder method in powder metallurgy. A novel space holder i.e. glycine and binder consisting of polymethylmethacrylate and stearic acid are used. Different amounts of glycine are added to the mixture of stainless-steel powder and binder. Subsequently, each mixture is cold-pressed at a pressure of 9-ton m-2. The samples are sintered at 1050 and 1150 °C with holding times of 30, 60, and 90 min. The microstructures and physical and mechanical properties of the sintered samples are investigated. A porous stainless steel with porosity ranging from 30.8 to 51.4% is successfully fabricated. Results show that the glycine content and sintering parameters influence the properties of the porous stainless steel. The sintering temperature significantly affects volumetric shrinkage. Volumetric shrinkage decreases as the volume fraction of glycine increases to 30% whereas sintering temperature 1150 °C and holding time 90 min will increase the volumetric shrinkage. The compressive yield strength and corresponding elastic modulus are in the ranges of 22.9 to 57.6 MPa and 6.3 to 26.8 GPa, respectively. The samples produced have potential biomedical applications because their mechanical properties, yield strength and elastic modulus match those of human bones.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

A Study of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties for Palm Fiber/Polyester Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Samah M. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Polyester Composite

This research has been done by reinforcing the matrix (unsaturated polyester) resin with natural material (date palm fiber (DPF)). The fibers were exposure to alkali treatment before reinforcement. The samples have been prepared by using hand lay-up technique with fiber volume fraction of (10%, 20% and 30%). After preparation of the mechanical and physical properties have been studied such as, compression, flexural, impact strength, thermal conductivity, Dielectric constant and dielectric strength. The polyester composite reinforced with date palm fiber at volume fraction (10% and 20%) has good mechanical properties rather than pure unsaturated polyester material, while the composite reinforced with 30% Vf present poor mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity results indicated insulator composite behavior. The effect of present fiber polar group induces of decreasing in dielectric strength, and increasing dielectric constant. The reinforcement composite 20% Vf showed the best results in mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.

Magnetic Characterization of SUS316L Deformed by High Pressure Torsion

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1300-1303
Author(s):  
Hong Cai Wang ◽  
Minoru Umemoto ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Yoshikazu Todaka ◽  
Ho Hung Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Austenitic Matrix ◽  
Magnetic Characterization

SUS316L austenitic stainless steel was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by the method of high pressure torsion (HPT). From a fully austenitic matrix (γ), HPT resulted in phase transformation from g®a¢. The largest volume fraction of 70% a¢ was obtained at 0.2 revolutions per minute (rpm) while was limited to 3% at 5rpm. Pre-straining of g by HPT at 5rpm decreases the volume fraction of a¢ obtained by HPT at 0.2rpm. By HPT at 5rpm, a¢®g reverse transformation was observed for a¢ produced by HPT at 0.2rpm.

Effects of Deformation Mode on Resistivity Curve Used for Estimating Martensite Induced in Stainless Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 2992-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Date
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Martensite Formation ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Ε Phase

The martensite induced in three types of austenitic stainless steel, which indicate the different stability of the austenitic phase (γ), were estimated by the resistivity measured during the tensile deformation or compressive deformation at the temperatures 77, 187 and 293 K. The resistivity curves were strongly dependent on the deformation mode. The volume fraction of the martensite (α’) was also affected by the deformation mode. The ε phase, which is the precursor of the martensite and is induced from the commencement of the deformation, decreased the resistivity. However, lots of defects generated by the deformation-induced martensite increased the resistivity. The experimental facts and the results shown by the modified parallelepiped model suggested a complicated transformation process depending on each deformation mode. The results shown by the model also suggested a linear relation between the resistivity and the martensite volume at the region of the martensite formation. The fact denoted that the resistivity is mostly not controlled by the austenite, ε phase and martensite, but by the defects induced due to the deformation-induced martensite.

STUDY ON SOLIDIFICATION OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL IN FRACTAL POROUS METAL FOAM

Fractals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1540003 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENGBIN ZHANG ◽  
LIANGYU WU ◽  
YONGPING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Change Material

The Sierpinski fractal is introduced to construct the porous metal foam. Based on this fractal description, an unsteady heat transfer model accompanied with solidification phase change in fractal porous metal foam embedded with phase change material (PCM) is developed and numerically analyzed. The heat transfer processes associated with solidification of PCM embedded in fractal structure is investigated and compared with that in single-pore structure. The results indicate that, for the solidification of phase change material in fractal porous metal foam, the PCM is dispersedly distributed in metal foam and the existence of porous metal matrix provides a fast heat flow channel both horizontally and vertically, which induces the enhancement of interstitial heat transfer between the solid matrix and PCM. The solidification performance of the PCM, which is represented by liquid fraction and solidification time, in fractal structure is superior to that in single-pore structure.

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