COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS TI-6AL-4V WITH PALM STEARIN BINDER SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Mohamad Nor ◽  
J.B Saedon ◽  
N. A. A. Kasim ◽  
M. H. Ismail ◽  
Hazran Husain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Binder System ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Different Temperatures

Most Ti-6Al-4V implant used today are often much stiffer than human bone. However, the young modulus of those Ti-6Al-4V implants can be reduced through the formation of porous structure. Palm stearin binder system with an addition of sodium chloride as space holder has been established in the fabrication of porous Ti-6Al-4V. Thus, this paper focuses on the compressive mechanical properties of porous Ti-6Al-4V with utilization of palm stearin binder system along with sodium chloride (NaCl) as the space holder. The evaluated compositions consist of the powder volume fraction of 63vol% and 65vol%. The samples were compacted by thermal compacting machine at temperature of 160oC. Two different debinding processes involved, which are heptane solvent and water leaching. Then the samples were sintered up to three different temperatures, which are 1200oC, 1250oC and 1300oC. Mechanical properties of the porous Ti-6Al-4V were characterized by axial compression testing. The maximum compressive stress and Young’s modulus of the samples were determined to be 403.87MPa and 9.92GPa.

Porous Copper Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Route Using NaCl Space Holder

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Amalina Nordin ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Nik Muhammad Faiz Nik Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Hot Compaction ◽  
Feedstock Material ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Porous Copper (porous Cu) with varying porosities was prepared using sodium chloride (NaCl) particles as space holder through powder metallurgy route. Pre-alloyed copper that was used as a feedstock material were mixed with the varying proportion (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of volume fraction) of laboratory grade NaCl prior to hot compaction. The green compacts were subjected to water leaching process in order to remove NaCl particles and consequently being sintered at 850°C. The resultant porous Cu were examined in terms of density, porosities, microstructures and dimensional changes. The effect of space holder on the occurrence of pores in sintered article was investigated. It was found that the amount and shape of the space holder particle greatly affect the percentage of porosities and the shape of the pore of the sintered article.

Development of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Dental Implant by Metal Injection Molding with Palm Stearin Binder System

2017 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Atikah Abu Kasim ◽  
Nor Hafiez Mohamad Nor ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Juri Saedon
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Binder System ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Highly Porous

The dental restorations by the usage of implants have been one of the most favourable treatment. However, the existing dense dental implant causes overloading towards the human bone that triggers ‘stress shielding effect’ and also implant loosening. This paper focused on the development of highly porous Ti-6Al-4V dental implant by metal injection molding with palm stearin binder system with an addition of sodium chloride as space holder which has been established in the fabrication of porous Ti-6Al-4V. The evaluated compositions consist of the powder volume fraction of 63vol% and 65vol%. SEM analysis shows that highly porous Ti-6Al-4V dental implant were obtained. The average density is 3.325g/cm3 for 63vol% sample and 3.915g/cm3 for 65vol% sample. While for the Vickers hardness are 113.68HV and 162.8HV for 63vol% and 65vol% respectively.

Rheological Behaviour of Novel Feedstock for Manufacturing Porous Stainless Steel via (MIM)-PSH

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Koon Tatt ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Heng Shye Yunn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
New Class ◽  
Porous Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Metal foam has emerged as a new class material that can be used in structural and functional applications. Because of its excellent mechanical and physical properties, it has been extensively used in aerospace, automotive and medical industries. There are several ways to produce the metal foams. In this study, a net shape foaming technology namely Metal injection moulding-Powder space holder method (MIM-PSH) was used to produce the porous metal. A novel space holder, glycine was mixed with the water atomized stainless powder, palm stearin and polyethylene binder. Rheological behaviours of the feedstocks were fully investigated. The volume fraction of glycine was varied for 50% and 70%, to study its effect on the rheological properties. The results showed that all feedstocks exhibit shear thinning behaviour. As the volume fraction of space holder increased, the viscosities of feedstocks are increased. The activation energy, E is proportional to the amount of space holder used. All feedstocks are found to be suitable for MIM-PSH to produce the porous stainless steel.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3 composite bodies by reactive infiltration of molten Al into SiO2 preform

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Yoshikawa ◽  
Singo Funahashi ◽  
Shoji Taniguchi ◽  
Atsushi Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactive Infiltration ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Si Content

Al/Al2O3 composites were fabricated by a displacement reaction between SiO2 and molten Al. In this study, fabrication of Al/Al2O3 composites was attempted by means of reactive infiltration to provide variation of their mechanical properties. SiO2 preforms having various porosities and pore size distributions were prepared by sintering the powder at different temperatures between 1273 and 1723 K. Molten Al was infiltrated at 1373 K without application of pressure. Infiltration kinetics were studied and the microstructures of the composite bodies were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (with energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis), wave dispersive x-ray microanalysis, and x-ray diffractions. The infiltrated specimens were mainly composed of Al and α–Al2O3 phases, and the Si content was less than 5 at.%. Volume fraction of Al phase in the composite bodies was not altered very much with the porosities of the SiO2 preforms because of the difficulty in filling out the entire pore space. Properties and microstructures of Al/Al2O3 composites, however, were dependent on the sintering temperature of the SiO2 preforms. In the case of low sintering temperature, a thick Al channel existed, which deformed upon compression. In the case of high sintering temperature, the microstructure became homogeneous and had thinner Al channels. The composite bodies became brittle. The deformation behavior was shown to be changed from ductile to brittle as an increase of the sintering temperature of the preforms.

Rheological Properties of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized Clamshell Mix with Palm Stearin Binder System

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istikamah Subuki ◽  
Ali Nurul Huda ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Binder System ◽  
Shear Sensitivity ◽  
Rheological Test ◽  
Test Result

This study investigated the flow behavior of feedstock containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder with palm stearin (PS) based binder system. The HAp was synthesized via chemical precipitation method with the use of waste of clamshells. The result showed that single phase synthesized HAp was successfully formed at annealing temperature and pH solution of 850°C and 6.5, respectively. The synthesized HAp with a volume fraction of 65% was then mixed with PS and and Polyethylene binder at 160°C to prepare a feedstock. From the rheological test result, it was found that the feedstock exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior with low values of shear sensitivity in comparison with commercial HAp.

Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of jute yarns

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199910
Author(s):  
Y Ben Smail ◽  
A El Moumen ◽  
A Imad ◽  
F Lmai ◽  
M Ezahri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Different Temperatures

In the last two decades, an increasing interest has been observed for the use of natural fibers such as jute fibers in different applications. These fibers are characterized by their low cost and their availability. They are mainly used in fabric bag manufacturing. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of jute yarns. An experimental study was conducted at different temperatures (22 °C; 80 °C; 105 °C and 150 °C) for 24 h. Each degree was followed by tensile testing of the specimen. Besides, the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the effect of the temperature on the thermal stability and the thermal degradation of the jute fibers. In addition, the statistical analysis was performed using the method of two and three-parameter Weibull distribution to determine the spatial distribution of the properties. The results showed that there was a degradation of the mechanical properties of the jute yarns heated to high temperature compared to the raw yarns (considered as a specimen exposed to 22 °C). The tensile strain and the Young modulus failed by 36% and 13% respectively for the specimens heated at 150 °C and the failure kinematic of the jute fiber was affected by the temperature of heating. The TGA showed that the thermal stability of the jute yarns was affected by two factors: fibers drying and their changing temperatures.

scholarly journals Variation of the Mechanical Properties for Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites with Different Weight Ratio of Ziziphus Nummularia’s (Ber) Fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5393-5397
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Fiber Volume

In the present era, Natural fibers are favored for the formation of composites due to their low density, high strength, biodegradability, easy production, low carbon foot, environment friendly nature in comparison of synthetic fibers. This Paper deals with NFRC made from natural fibers obtained from the plants of arid region of Western Rajasthan on which a few researchers are focusing. This paper discuss on the extraction process of fiber from the ber’s stems, manufacturing of composites by using epoxy resin & ber’s fibers then testing of its mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength, young modulus, yield strength , and percentage elongation. Six Sample were made having weight ratio - 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.45, & 0. 6. Dog bone samples were prepared according to the ASTM D638 (Type IV) standard. Tensile strength varies from 12.19 MPa to 25 MPa, while young modulus varies from 1.4GPa to 2.9GPa for different weight ratios. Yield strength varies from 10.77 MPa to 21.16 MPa. Percentage of Elongation varies from 1 to 3%. These results shows that ber’s stems can be used for fiber extraction to manufacture composites materials & for better mechanical properties minimum fiber volume fraction percentage is 13% and maximum fiber fraction is 31%.This data can be used further when optimum value of fiber volume fraction is required to form composites from ber’s fibers.

Synthesis of Porous Ti2SnC from TiH2-Sn-TiC/Graphite Powders in Tube Furnace

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang Li ◽  
Li Bo Wang ◽  
Guo Cai Zhong ◽  
Sai Sai Li ◽  
Ai Guo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Porous Sample ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ternary Carbides

Titanium tin carbide (Ti2SnC) is a member a MAX phases, which are ternary carbides or nitrides with layered structure. Ti powders are normally used as Ti source to synthesize Ti2SnC. In this paper, TiH2, a relative cheaper Ti source, was used to synthesize Ti2SnC. Ti2SnC was synthesized from TiH2/Sn/TiC or TiH2/Sn/graphite powders by a tube furnace at different temperatures under Ar atmosphere. From the analysis of X-ray diffraction results, the lowest temperature to synthesize Ti2SnC was 1000 °C. Ti2SnC content increased with temperature, and high purity Ti2SnC was fabricated at 1200 °C. From scanning electron microscopy, as-synthesized Ti2SnC from TiH2/Sn/TiC was with plate-like structure. However, for Ti2SnC from graphite as carbon source, there was some stripe microstructure. Some large pores existed between the Ti2SnC particles. The existence of the pores make the mechanical properties of Ti2SnC block significantly reduced, its compressive strength was only 0.483 MPa or 0.35 MPa respectively for samples synthesized from TiC or graphite as carbon source. The low mechanical properties make the porous sample easy to be broken as powders.

scholarly journals Effects of Macro- and Micro-Porosity on Mechanical Properties of a Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated Using Solid-State Space-Holder Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433
Author(s):  
Yorina S. F. Lantang ◽  
Equo Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroyasu Tezuka ◽  
Tatsuo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
State Space ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Ti

Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Foam by Conventional Casting Combined with NaCl Space Holder

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razmi Noh Mohd Razali ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Ismail Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Umi Kalsom Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Faizul Idham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Molten Aluminium ◽  
Good Energy

The purposes of this study were to determine the correlation of the aluminium foams mechanical properties in terms of the effect between its density and porosity as well as between its compressive strength and energy absorption of aluminium foam produced by space holder technique. The space holder used was NaCl particle with three different sizes and conditions. The space holders were completely filled the cavity prior pouring of molten aluminium by CO2 sand casting. Then, the samples underwent machining process to remove surface imperfection after casting, followed by water leaching in ultrasonic cleaner to remove the space holder. The higher the porosity, the lower the compressive strength but then again it acts as good energy absorption. Aluminium foam using NaCl size range of 10-15 mm has the highest energy absorption.

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