scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Study, Comparing, Commercial Grade Propane/Butane Blend; Refrigerant Grade Propane and Chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2), Investigated in a Psychrometric Chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zakaria ◽  
D. Veerasamy ◽  
J. H. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Propane Butane

The current use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as refrigerants will be phaseout and phasedown. Hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants were introduced as potential replacements. These refrigerant grade hydrocarbons namely propane (R 290) and isobutane (R 600a) were on sale at premium prices. As Malaysia has capabilities to produce LPG, a study was conducted to find out the suitability of commercial liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to be used as refrigerant. This study compares the efficiencies and cooling capacities of commercial grade LPG to refrigerant grade propane (C3H8) and chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) (R 22) in a split unit air conditioner installed in a psychrometric chamber. Results of experiments indicated that the commercial blends in the ratio of 80% propane and 20% butane provided the highest efficiency, but had the lowest cooling capacities; in contrast, the imported refrigerant grade propane despite value being purer, was not reflected in term of its efficiency; recorded the lowest. CHClF2 provided the highest efficiency and cooling capacity. LPG has the potential to replace R22 in split air conditioners despite losing 10 % in cooling capacities but instead gained 2.6% in energy efficiencies. 

Test Analysis of Performance of the Direct Evaporative Cooling Air Conditioners

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Cooling Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

The direct evaporative cooling conditioner experimental research is carried out in this paper. Analyze the influence of inlet air dry ball temperature and relative humidity to air conditioner cooling capacity and cooling efficiency, which has certain guiding significance to improve the direct evaporative cooling air conditioner performance.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Power Efficiency and Cooling Capacity Between Central AC and Split AC on Economy Trains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Mariana Diah Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Central Air Conditioning

PT KAI (Persero) has never stopped transforming itself. His transformation was highly considered when PT KAI (Persero) was under the authority of Jonan Ignasius. Edi Sukmoro then continued the transformation. Some improvements in service quality at each train station require appreciation from various aspects. At present, security is improved, tickets are easier to obtain, and travel is more convenient because trains are provided by AC. However, given the costs involved, installation of air conditioners in all business and economy class cars does not apply central air conditioning but divides air conditioning as applied in the home or office. This research is to find out the most efficient air conditioning in consuming energy in trains, therefore, it is conducted. This study also investigates the most effective air conditioning in cooling. The results showed that the energy efficiency of split air coolers was lower than central air coolers. Regarding cooling capacity, central AC is produced by PT INKA which has a higher cooling capacity than split AC.

scholarly journals Performance of Air Conditioning Unit under Constant Outdoor Wet-Bulb Temperature and Varied Dry-Bulb Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490
Author(s):  
Andriyanto Setyawan ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Tandi Sutandi ◽  
Hafid Najmudin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Liquid Line ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Line Temperature

An experiment has been carried out for examining the performance of an air conditioning unit under constant outdoor wet-bulb temperature and varied dry-bulb temperature. During the experiment, the wet-bulb temperature of the compartment for outdoor unit was maintained at 22℃ and the dry-bulb temperature was varied from 24℃ to 36℃. The increase of outdoor air temperature results in the increase of supply air temperature, discharge temperature, suction temperature, and liquid line temperature. These cause the degradation of the air conditioner performance. An increase of power consumption by 1.4% and decrease of cooling capacity by 0.8% were observed for each 1℃ increase of outdoor air temperature. As a result, the energy efficiency ratio drops by 2% for each 1℃ increase of outdoor air temperature.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Tightening of Instantaneous Indoor and Outdoor Dry-Bulb and Wet-Bulb Temperature Tolerances

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Xinhao Hu ◽  
Zhongbin Zhang ◽  
Dandan Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Chinese Room ◽  
Energy Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

To reduce the inaccuracy in energy efficiency evaluation, indoor and outdoor dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature (D&WBT) tolerances in the currently enacted Chinese room air conditioner (RAC) national standard were tightened into narrower intervals in this investigation. Characteristics of cooling capacity (CC) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) changing with D&WBTs were analyzed based on performance tests. AICc (corrected Akaike Information Criterion) was applied to determine the best fitted 3D curve equations of CC and EER to find the intervals of gradient extrema of CC and EER. The corresponding intervals of indoor and outdoor D&WBTs were concluded as the tightened D&WBT tolerances. For illustration, based on the performance tests of 154 working conditions, the instantaneous indoor and outdoor D&WBT tolerances in nominal refrigerating working conditions were respectively tightened from the original ±0.5/±0.3 °C into ±0.3/±0.2 °C (indoor tolerances) and ±0.4/±0.3 °C (outdoor tolerances). EER variation rate thus decreased from 2.11% to 1.03% (indoor) and 2.11% to 1.25% (outdoor).

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of split type air conditioners/heat pumps by using ventilating exhaust air

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cepiński ◽  
Paweł Szałański
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heat Demand

The article presents the possibility of using exhaust air from ventilation system to increase the efficiency (SCOP, COP, SEER and EER) of commonly used air conditioners with the function of a heat pump. These types of devices are very popular both in residential and in public buildings. The topic discussed in the article is very important, because the widespread increase of the energy efficiency of these devices significantly influences national electricity consumption. The possibility of increasing their efficiency by directing the exhaust air from the ventilation system to the heat exchanger of the air conditioner outdoor unit has been analysed. It has been shown that the use of the simple design solution described in the article allows for a significant increase of the efficiency of these devices (seasonal efficiency even up to 35% at 100% share of exhaust air), reducing the energy consumption and increasing their capacity and operation range. By increasing the share of exhaust air it is possible to ensure year-round operation of the device and even 100% coverage of heat demand.

Performance Study of the Household Air Conditioner under Extreme Climate Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1607-1611
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Wei Ting Jiang ◽  
Wei Guo Pan ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Su Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Future Direction

This paper used physical modeling method to simulate the running state of each component of the air conditioner, got the ideal conditions of air conditionor energy consumption model and then calibrated and corrected the model of the air conditioner energy consumption by the experimental data. After utilizing the model for the performance analysis of the actual air conditioner, it was found that the extreme outdoor climate would affect the performance of the air conditioner. In summer, the electricity required to produce the same amount of cooling capacity will be 210% compared with 30°C of outdoor temperature, when the outdoor temperature is 50 °C; In winter, the drop of outdoor temperature will seriously impact on the energy efficiency of air conditioner, when the outdoor temperature is-5°C the electricity required to produce the same amount of cooling capacity will be 150% compared with 10 °C of outdoor temperature. It is of great significance that the results shown in this research contributes to the analysis of air conditioner in extreme conditions, and amended energy consumption of the model can not only forecast the performance of household air conditioners under the extreme climate but also indicate the future direction of air conditionersdesign and improvement.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Cooling Performance of Air Conditioner Using R32/CO2 Refrigerant Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950019
Author(s):  
Pushpak Doiphode ◽  
Vignesh Lakshmanan ◽  
Indraneel Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Refrigerant Mixture ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

Conventional refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons have high values of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion (ODP). HVAC&R engineers and designers are exploring alternate refrigerants having low ODP and GWP. At present, R32 refrigerant is being considered as an alternative to the conventional refrigerants in domestic air conditioners by many manufacturers and countries. This study analyzes the steady-state cooling performance of a split air conditioner using R32(CH2F2) and R32/CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) mixture having lower GWP. The performance of the air conditioner with R32 and four different compositions of R32/CO2 mixture is studied experimentally and numerically. A comparative analysis of performance characteristics such as cooling capacity, total energy consumption, energy efficiency, operating pressures and temperatures is presented in this study.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Ratio Analysis of Half Cycle Air-Conditioners Using Liquified Petroleum Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Atif Muzaffar ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Ahmad Abbas ◽  
Taqi Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Fan Speed

Alternative fuels have proven to be an effective means of reducing the environmental impact of road transportation. On the other hand, the increasing use of air conditioning has declined the fuel economy of passenger vehicles. Half-cycle air conditioning systems (HCACSs) can address this concern of the declining fuel economy by using the fuel as a refrigerant. One of the candidates to be considered as refrigerants in HCACSs is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Under various conditions, LPG in the liquid state is injected into the evaporator of an HCACS. At the end of the evaporation process, LPG vapors can be directed for the combustion taking place in devices such as generators, automobiles, and cooking stoves. The present study investigates the performance of three in-housed manufactured evaporators having staggered and/or aligned tube arrangements with variable tube sizes, numbers of fins, fin spacings, and fin materials. As a refrigerant, LPG, having 65% propane and 35% butane, was passed through three evaporators. The energy efficiency ratios (EERs) were indirectly measured for evaporative pressures of 132, 168, and 201 kPa, with mass flow rates of 0.6, 0.75, and 0.9 g/s, respectively, when the fan speed interacting with the evaporators was varied. The results revealed that the aligned configuration with the same tube and fin material performed better even at low fan speeds.

China Energy Label: A Strategy to Encourage Energy Conservation and the Challenge Ahead in Power Markets

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhun Yu ◽  
Yingbai Xie ◽  
Youyin Jing ◽  
Guohua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Energy Label ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Grade Index

This paper aims to elucidate China energy label and «The minimum allowable values of the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for room air conditioners» implemented recently (2005). Energy efficiency ratio (EER) considered in this standard was compared with coefficient of performance (COP), based on it, two air-conditioners with different EER were calculated to be contrasted by their total cost during the operational life. At the same period, the content, significance and result of the energy standard was analyzed. The results show that air-conditioners with higher EER can be more economical, and they can obtain better qualities as well as utilization effects. Also, this standard determines the energy efficiency grade index of room air-conditioners below 14 kW and the market entrance admission index of energy efficiency. Starting this standard requires that each air-conditioner should have an energy label, thus market transformation goals can be achieved, consequently, it will accelerate the advancement of enterprises and reinforce the energy-saving management of the government. However, designers, manufacturers and high efficiency product sellers in the power market will be challenged.

scholarly journals The Effect of Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split-Unit Type Air Conditioner Using R22 Refrigerant

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Mohd Hazwan Yusof ◽  
Sulaiman Mohd Muslim ◽  
Muhammad Fadhli Suhaimi ◽  
Hassan Ibrahim ◽  
Azizuddin Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Unit Type ◽  
Small Capacity

Numerous air conditioners are running without a proper refrigerant charge due to leakage and improper charging during installation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the performance of the air conditioner if it is not properly charged for the means of optimal operation and cost saving. This study is focusing on the usage of a used small capacity split-unit type air conditioner using R-22 refrigerant. The objective is to study the condenser performance over a variation of refrigerant charges. From the results, it is clear that the optimum refrigerant charge is 100%. The highest cooling capacity and COP were 3,330 J/s and 3.05 respectively.

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