China Energy Label: A Strategy to Encourage Energy Conservation and the Challenge Ahead in Power Markets

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhun Yu ◽  
Yingbai Xie ◽  
Youyin Jing ◽  
Guohua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Energy Label ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Grade Index

This paper aims to elucidate China energy label and «The minimum allowable values of the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for room air conditioners» implemented recently (2005). Energy efficiency ratio (EER) considered in this standard was compared with coefficient of performance (COP), based on it, two air-conditioners with different EER were calculated to be contrasted by their total cost during the operational life. At the same period, the content, significance and result of the energy standard was analyzed. The results show that air-conditioners with higher EER can be more economical, and they can obtain better qualities as well as utilization effects. Also, this standard determines the energy efficiency grade index of room air-conditioners below 14 kW and the market entrance admission index of energy efficiency. Starting this standard requires that each air-conditioner should have an energy label, thus market transformation goals can be achieved, consequently, it will accelerate the advancement of enterprises and reinforce the energy-saving management of the government. However, designers, manufacturers and high efficiency product sellers in the power market will be challenged.

scholarly journals Do Consumers Care about the Energy Efficiency of Buildings? Understanding Residential Choice Based on Energy Performance Certificates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjoo Lee ◽  
Misuk Lee ◽  
Sesil Lim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Residential Choice ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
The Government

Disclosing the energy performance information for buildings has been expected to become an important policy for controlling energy demand and reducing CO2 emissions, but its effectiveness remains controversial. This study investigates the effect of energy performance information on consumer residential choice by using a discrete choice experiment in South Korea. The estimation results confirmed that the energy efficiency level of the given housing has a significant effect on consumer residential choice when the related information is actually delivered. Combined with evidence from the simulation study, we suggest that obligating the owners to provide energy performance information to potential buyers/tenants would be necessary for enhancing the use of the information during the consumer decision-making process. Additionally, the simulation result implies that the effectiveness of the policy can be underestimated by the price premium related to energy efficiency. Therefore, we suggest that the government should control the price premium for high-efficiency buildings at the early stage so that the policy related to disclosing the energy performance can be on track.

USING WATER VAPOR AS REFRIGERANT IN MULTISTAGE VARIABLE SPEED TURBO COMPRESSOR TO IMPROVE SEASONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO OF AIR CONDITIONING

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
QUBO LI ◽  
DEMISS A. AMIBE ◽  
NORBERT MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Part Load

An air conditioning system using water as refrigerant (R718) that compresses water vapor with multistage stage variable speed axial compressor with intercooling between stages by water injection is considered. Four stage compression with flash intercooling resulted in 50% improvement of coefficient of performance (COP) at full load compared to conventional refrigerants like R134a. The energy efficiency of an air conditioning unit is specified by seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). SEER is defined as the ratio of cooling output of an air conditioner measured and electrical energy consumption as per AHRI 210/240 during cooling season. The SEER is computed after determining the evaporator cooling capacity and the electrical energy demand of the compressor at each bin temperature using assumed compressor isentropic efficiency, mechanical efficiency and electrical efficiency and multiplying by the weight of each bin temperature to determine the total for the cooling season. As a result of multistage compression, best part load performance of water as a refrigerant and operation of compressor near design point at part load due to variable speed drive, 50%–60% improvement in SEER is obtained compared to the best available in the market using conventional refrigerants such as R134a with single stage compression.

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of split type air conditioners/heat pumps by using ventilating exhaust air

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cepiński ◽  
Paweł Szałański
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heat Demand

The article presents the possibility of using exhaust air from ventilation system to increase the efficiency (SCOP, COP, SEER and EER) of commonly used air conditioners with the function of a heat pump. These types of devices are very popular both in residential and in public buildings. The topic discussed in the article is very important, because the widespread increase of the energy efficiency of these devices significantly influences national electricity consumption. The possibility of increasing their efficiency by directing the exhaust air from the ventilation system to the heat exchanger of the air conditioner outdoor unit has been analysed. It has been shown that the use of the simple design solution described in the article allows for a significant increase of the efficiency of these devices (seasonal efficiency even up to 35% at 100% share of exhaust air), reducing the energy consumption and increasing their capacity and operation range. By increasing the share of exhaust air it is possible to ensure year-round operation of the device and even 100% coverage of heat demand.

Study of High Efficiency and Low Noise Centrifugal Fan

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Nagae ◽  
Zhiming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Leakage Flows ◽  
Centrifugal Fans

Centrifugal fans are widely used for air-conditioning equipments. Demands for air conditioners have arisen for quiet considered the indoor condition, energy saving associated with the global warming, and which have made it important to develop high performance fans. In order to meet these demands, the technology was studied to reduce leakage flow for a high efficiency and low noise centrifugal fan in this research. Leakage flow occurs when a part of air discharged from fans flows into a gap between the bellmouth and the shroud. This flow is the pressure loss because it returns from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side wastefully. Furthermore, the high noise is caused, because this leakage air can’t flow along the shroud. As the final successful technology to reduce leakage flow, we have developed for the new bellmouth with multiple ribs on the bellmouth plane placed opposite fan. By using the new bellmouth, the centrifugal fan’s motor input for the 4-direction ceiling-embedded cassette type air conditioner has been reduced by 5.4[%] and the noise by 1.2[dBA]. We analyzed the leakage flow structures of the centrifugal fan were analyzed by the numerical simulation and LDV measurements. It has been found that the leakage flow is decreased, since the partial leakage flows back in an opposite direction to a gap between the bellmouth and the shroud. Additionally, it has been found that the turbulence intensity of outlet airflow is decreased by the new bellmouth.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Study, Comparing, Commercial Grade Propane/Butane Blend; Refrigerant Grade Propane and Chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2), Investigated in a Psychrometric Chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zakaria ◽  
D. Veerasamy ◽  
J. H. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Propane Butane

The current use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as refrigerants will be phaseout and phasedown. Hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants were introduced as potential replacements. These refrigerant grade hydrocarbons namely propane (R 290) and isobutane (R 600a) were on sale at premium prices. As Malaysia has capabilities to produce LPG, a study was conducted to find out the suitability of commercial liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to be used as refrigerant. This study compares the efficiencies and cooling capacities of commercial grade LPG to refrigerant grade propane (C3H8) and chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) (R 22) in a split unit air conditioner installed in a psychrometric chamber. Results of experiments indicated that the commercial blends in the ratio of 80% propane and 20% butane provided the highest efficiency, but had the lowest cooling capacities; in contrast, the imported refrigerant grade propane despite value being purer, was not reflected in term of its efficiency; recorded the lowest. CHClF2 provided the highest efficiency and cooling capacity. LPG has the potential to replace R22 in split air conditioners despite losing 10 % in cooling capacities but instead gained 2.6% in energy efficiencies. 

Performance of A R22 split-air-conditioner when retrofitted with ozone friendly refrigerants (R410A and R417A)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukola Olalekan Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Alternative Refrigerants ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Compressor Power ◽  
Discharge Pressure

R22 that has been used predominantly in air conditioning and in medium and low-temperature applications contains ozone depleting chlorine atoms and hence will be phased out eventually. This paper presents the experimental performance study of a split-air-conditioner using ozone friendly alternative refrigerants. The existing split-air-conditioner originally designed for R22 as the working fluid was retrofitted with R410A and R417A respectively, and the performance of the system was evaluated and compared with its performance when R22 was used. Experimental results showed that with R417A, the system had 1.9% higher refrigeration capacity and 14.2% lower with R410A when compared to that of R22. The average discharge pressure of the compressor obtained with R417A and R410A were 3.8% lower and 10.3% higher, respectively, than with R22. The lowest compressor power consumption and pressure ratio were obtained with the R417A retrofitted system. The average coefficient of performance (COP) obtained using R417A is 2.9% higher, while that of R410A is 8.4% lower than that of R22. Generally, with R417A the system consistently had the best performance in comparison to both R22 and R410A, indicating that R417A would be a better choice for retrofitting existing split-air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 as working fluid.

Multi Stage Variable Speed Turbo Compressor for Enhancing Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio of Air Conditioners Using R718 as Refrigerant

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demiss A. Amibe ◽  
Qubo Li ◽  
Norbert Mu¨ller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Part Load

An air conditioning system using water as refrigerant (R718) that compresses water vapor with multistage stage variable speed axial compressor with intercooling between stages by water injection is considered. Four stage compression with flash intercooling resulted in 50% improvement of coefficient of performance (COP) at full load compared to conventional refrigerants like R134a. The energy-efficiency of an air conditioning unit is specified by seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). SEER is defined as the ratio of cooling output of an air conditioner measured and electrical energy consumption as per AHRI 210/240 during cooling season. The SEER is computed after determining the evaporator cooling capacity and the electrical energy demand of the compressor at each bin temperature using assumed compressor isentropic efficiency, mechanical efficiency and electrical efficiency and multiplying by the weight of each bin temperature to determine the total for the cooling season. As a result of multistage compression, best part load performance of water as a refrigerant and operation of compressor near design point at part load due to variable speed drive, 50–60% improvement in SEER is obtained compared to the best available in the market using conventional refrigerants such as R134a with single stage compression.

Alternative Refrigerants for Solar Absorption Air-Conditioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050001
Author(s):  
Nihel Chekir ◽  
Ali Snoussi ◽  
Ammar Ben Brahim
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Alternative Refrigerants ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
A Value ◽  
Circulation Ratio

Three hydrocarbons are considered as refrigerants for solar absorption air-conditioner. The cooling plant is composed essentially of the absorption chiller and the solar system is simulated with three working pairs: propane/octane, butane/octane and iso-butane/octane. Results are compared to those of ammonia/water mixture at the same fixed operating conditions and assumptions. The main advantages of the investigated refrigerants are their similar cooling effect compared to ammonia with a coefficient of performance reaching 0.63 and their relatively low working pressures. Nevertheless, the circulation ratio for hydrocarbon mixture is higher compared to ammonia. Propane/octane working mixture seems to be suitable for solar absorption air-conditioners with some particular precautions. The heat required to drive the absorption system is provided by evacuated tubes solar collectors of 90[Formula: see text]m2, a value in agreement with commercialized solar absorption air-conditioner operating with ammonia.

scholarly journals Reducing torque pulsations in PMa-SynRM: a way for improving motor performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Percy R. Viego ◽  
Julio R. Gómez ◽  
Vladimir Sousa ◽  
José P. Monteagudo Yanes ◽  
Enrique C. Quispe
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Torque Pulsations

This paper aims to evaluate the performance of synchronous reluctance motors assisted by a permanent magnet (PMa-SynRM) focused on efficiency and torque pulsations. PMa-SynRM shows high efficiency and power factor, compared to induction motors (IM), although they have a greater cost. These machines develop relatively high torque ripple, cogging torque, and torque imbalances. Consequently, the electromagnetic torque is reduced, the motor temperature is increased, and mechanical vibrations are induced. The optimal design of the machine structures such as flow barriers, permanent magnets, and stator slots, among others, allow reducing torque pulsations. A comparison is made between different designs of the PMa-SynRM reported in the scientific literature, and the effects on efficiency, torque pulsation, and operating costs are evaluated. A case study on the motor driving the air conditioner blower in a hotel room was made, to determine the best economic variant between IM or PMa-SynRM. A sensitive analysis was made to evaluate several uncertainties. The advantages of using one of the PMa-SynRM analyzed were demonstrated. Also, it was proved that the investment is feasible economically, although NPV and payback are not the best, due to low load factor in inverter-controlled motors in air conditioners.

A Remote Intelligent Control System for Split Air Conditioning System

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 1162-1165
Author(s):  
Jie Ming Ding ◽  
Zhen Zhong Li ◽  
Wei Bo Li ◽  
Pin He ◽  
Yang He
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Intelligent Terminal

Combined wireless sensor network technology (WSN) and infrared control technology this paper designs an intelligent control system for split air conditioner (ACSS). The system adopts the SimpliciTI protocol and a highly integrated chipset, CC1110, as wireless sensing node, which it has high efficiency and lower power. The intelligent remote control unit of the system is capable of signal conversion, wireless communication as well as infrared control ability. In order to suit different air conditioners, the system establishes a control code library by learning a variety of air-conditioning infrared control signals. The control parameters optimized by the system server are transmitted to the intelligent terminal and then fires the infrared control signal to the air conditioner. Therefore, the system achieves the purpose of the remote intelligent controlling.

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