scholarly journals Uptake of thallium from artificially contaminated soils by kale (Brassica oleracea L., var. acephala)

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pavlíčková ◽  
J. Zbíral ◽  
M. Smatanová ◽  
P. Habarta ◽  
P. Houserová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Very High ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

A pot experiment focused on the study of factors influencing thallium transfer from contaminated soils into kale (green cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, variety Winterbor F1) was evaluated. Three different types of topsoils with naturally low content of thallium (heavy, medium and medium-light soil) were used for pot experiments. The soils were contaminated with thallium sulfate to achieve five levels of contamination (0, 0.52, 2.10, 4.20 and 5.88 mg/kg). There were six replicates for each combination (90 pots in the experiment). The first part of the experiment started in the year of contamination (2001) and continued in 2003. The soil samples and the samples of kale (leaves and stalks were sampled separately) were collected and analysed. Kale was found to be able to accumulate Tl without any influence on yield. The highest thallium concentration was found in the leaves of kale in the first year of the experiment and reached 326 mg/kg dry matter. Bioaccumulation factor (Biological Absorption Coefficient – BAC) was found to be over 80 during the first year of the experiment. In the third year the BAC was around 3 for the soil with the highest pH and the highest organic matter content but as high as 15 for an acid soil with the lowest content of organic matter and the lowest Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils. The content of thallium in the leaves of kale was found to be 7 to 10 times higher than in the stalks in the third year. In the first year this ratio was up to 18. From these findings it can be concluded that the ability of some plants of Brassicacea family, that are planted as common vegetables, to accumulate thallium is very high and can be a serious danger for food chains. Neutral soils high in CEC and organic matter are able to bind thallium more effectively than poor acid soils and the transfer of Tl into plants from these soils is substantially lower. The uptake of Tl from contaminated soils into kale can be very high and without any negative effect on the plant growth. The transfer of Tl into kale decreases with the time necessary to reach the equilibrium between the added Tl and the soil (ageing of a sample).

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

scholarly journals Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil from different locations using infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Paíga ◽  
Lurdes Mendes ◽  
José Albergaria ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ir Analysis

AbstractTotal petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are important environmental contaminants which are toxic to human and environmental receptors. Several analytical methods have been used to quantify TPH levels in contaminated soils, specifically through infrared spectrometry (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). Despite being two of the most used techniques, some issues remain that have been inadequately studied: a) applicability of both techniques to soils contaminated with two distinct types of fuel (petrol and diesel), b) influence of the soil natural organic matter content on the results achieved by various analytical methods, and c) evaluation of the performance of both techniques in analyses of soils with different levels of contamination (presumably non-contaminated and potentially contaminated). The main objectives of this work were to answer these questions and to provide more complete information about the potentials and limitations of GC and IR techniques. The results led us to the following conclusions: a) IR analysis of soils contaminated with petrol is not suitable due to volatilisation losses, b) there is a significant influence of organic matter in IR analysis, and c) both techniques demonstrated the capacity to accurately quantify TPH in soils, irrespective of their contamination levels.

scholarly journals Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis of the P Status in Potato Crops

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 863D-863
Author(s):  
Adou Rahim Alimi Assimiou ◽  
Léon E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
P Fertilizers

In Quebec, potato crops are largely grown on light acid soils altered by podzolization. In the plow layer, abundance of sesquioxides, low pH and low organic matter content produce high P-fixing capacity. Liming to pH not exceeding 5.6, organic matter additions and banding of P fertilizers are practices to improve the P status in the soil–plant system. Plant response to treatments could be diagnosed by yield evaluation and foliar analysis. Agricultural lime, dolomitic limestone and basalt were applied to an acid soil (pH 4.6). Ordinary superphosphate, biosuperphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate impregnated with humic peat were banded at two rates. Highest tuber yield was 40 t·ha–1. There was no response to liming materials as pH did not exceed 4.9. There was a significant response to P fertilizers. Nutrient balance assessment of the foliage by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis indicated a critical “d” value of 1.5 and a critical P index of 0.8.

scholarly journals Pesticides Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Surface Waters in the Cotton Growing Area Around the Bala’s Hippopotamus Pond Biosphere Using PIRI Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazoma Bayili ◽  
Richard Ouedraogo ◽  
Hassane Sidibe ◽  
Sylvain Ilboudo ◽  
Georges Anicet Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Pesticides residues are frequently found in the environment far from the original point of their application. Besides the desired effects of pest control, non-target organisms, soil and water are contaminated by the pesticides. This paper presents results on the impact of these xenobiotics used in cotton cultivation on River "Wolo" environment in Burkina Faso by using the Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI) software package. The assessment was based on the assumption of three scenarios taking into account the organic matter content of the soil and the presence of a buffer zone. Pesticides properties and use data, and data on the physical environment, were also used. Considering the worst case (scenario 2), diuron, haloxyfop-R-methyl, glyphosate and nicosulfuron were the most mobile. Diuron was classified as the most toxic pesticide to Scenedesmus quadricauda. Toxicity to Daphnia magna was extremely high with chlorpyrifos ethyl, very high with betacyfluthrin, deltamethrin, lamda-cyalothrin and high with flubendiamide. For Oncorhynchus mykiss, it was beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin and lamdacyhalothrin that caused a very high risk and chlorpyrifos ethyl and indoxacarb a high risk. For all pesticides, the risks are reduced overall depending on the width of the buffer zone and the organic matter content of the soil. The use of a pesticide in a given location must take into account its ecotoxicological impact on the surrounding ecosystem. Tools such as PIRI, could be used for the selection of pesticides to be used. Also, environmental parameters such as buffer zone and organic matter content should be used by farmers to limit the mobility of pesticides to water.

scholarly journals BUDIDAYA PADI PADA LAHAN SAWAH BUKAAN BARU WILAYAH PERBATASAN KABUPATEN MERAUKE

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Petrus A Beding ◽  
Fransiskus Palobo ◽  
Batseba MW Tiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Porous Soils

Merauke Regency is one of the districts in Papua Province which borders directly with neighboring Papua New Guinea (PNG), which in addition is a rice development area. In general, new openings, poor physical and chemical properties with porous soils, thin layer, low organic matter content, high salinity and drought problems. This study aims to determine the productivity of rice in new openings in the border region. The study was conducted in Merauke Regency, Papua Province from April to August 2018. The design used was a factorial Randomized Block Design with 5 factor children, each variety used was Inpari-32, Inpari-33, Inpari-43, Inpara-8, Dodok Erok. The results of the study were acid soil pH status, high and very high organic matter, very low cation exchange rate. The components of growth in plant height, productive tillers and panicle length were not significantly different. The yield component was significantly different in the highest number of unripe per-panicle Inpara-8 (140.3 g), the highest empty grain per panicle Inpara-8 (55.5 grains) and the 1000 heaviest Dodok Erok 29.4 g. Whereas Grain content, Dry Grain Harvest is not real.

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