scholarly journals Thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in pregnant sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle C Musk ◽  
Fraser R Murdoch ◽  
Jonathan Tuke ◽  
Matthew W Kemp ◽  
Michael J Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in assessing pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jolliffe ◽  
D. Flack ◽  
B. Joyce ◽  
J. Keeley ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

scholarly journals Mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in Bos indicus bull calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle C. Musk ◽  
Michael Laurence ◽  
Teresa Collins ◽  
Jonathan Tuke ◽  
Timothy H. Hyndman
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

The aim of this prospective, controlled, randomised trial was to develop a technique for mechanical nociceptive threshold testing (NTT) to assess pain in Bos indicus bull calves undergoing surgical castration. Analgesia was provided by 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) meloxicam (M) and/or 2 mg/kg of intra-testicular and SC (at the surgery sites) lidocaine (L). Forty-eight Brahman bull calves at 6–8 months of age were divided into six study groups, each with eight animals: no surgery control; surgical castration (C) without analgesia; C and Mpre-op; C and Mpost-op; C, L and Mpost-op; C and L. Mechanical NTT was performed the day before surgery (Day –1) and on Days 1, 2, 6, 10 and 13 after surgery. A handheld manual pneumatic device with a 1-mm (diameter) blunt pin was used to deliver a mechanical stimulus to a maximum of 27 Newtons either side of the most dorsal aspect of the sacrum. The most frequent responses to the mechanical stimulus were lifting or kicking of the leg on the same side as the stimulus (31%) and stepping away from the stimulus (24.9%). Data were analysed with a mixed effect linear model with the nociceptive threshold (NT) as the response variable and day and analgesic treatment as predictors (P < 0.05 was considered significant). For all groups, there was a trend towards decreasing NT over the study period but there were no significant differences between groups. Step down model selection with day, batch and treatment terms revealed a significant effect of day (P < 0.001) and batch (P = 0.007). Mechanical NTT for assessment of pain in Bos indicus bull calves requires further refinement to determine if this is a useful method of pain assessment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Behaviors Observed During Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold Testing in Donkeys and Horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Grint ◽  
Thierry Beths ◽  
Kathy Yvorchuk-St Jean ◽  
Helen R. Whay ◽  
Joanna C. Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphic role of the glucocorticoid receptor in chronic muscle pain produced by early-life stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174480692110113
Author(s):  
Paul G Green ◽  
Pedro Alvarez ◽  
Jon D Levine
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes are associated with stressful early life events, which can produce a persistent dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress axis function, associated with elevated plasm levels of corticosterone in adults. To determine the contribution of the HPA axis to persistent muscle hyperalgesia in adult rats that had experienced neonatal limited bedding (NLB), a form of early-life stress, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors on muscle nociceptors in adult NLB rats. In adult male and female NLB rats, mechanical nociceptive threshold in skeletal muscle was significantly lower than in adult control (neonatal standard bedding) rats. Furthermore, adult males and females that received exogenous corticosterone (via dams’ milk) during postnatal days 2–9, displayed a similar lowered mechanical nociceptive threshold. To test the hypothesis that persistent glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the adult contributes to muscle hyperalgesia in NLB rats, nociceptor expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was attenuated by spinal intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to GR mRNA. In adult NLB rats, GR antisense markedly attenuated muscle hyperalgesia in males, but not in females. These findings indicate that increased corticosterone levels during a critical developmental period (postnatal days 2–9) produced by NLB stress induces chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in male and female rats that persists in adulthood, and that this chronic muscle hyperalgesia is mediated, at least in part, by persistent stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors on sensory neurons, in the adult male, but not female rat.

scholarly journals Tramadol effects on clinical variables and the mechanical nociceptive threshold in horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Guimarães Franco ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque Moreno ◽  
Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto ◽  
Moisés Caetano e Souza ◽  
Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

This study assessed the clinical effects and the mechanical antinociceptive potential of intravenous (IV) tramadol in horses.A blinded and randomized study was designed with 7 horses treated with 1 (Tr1), 2 (Tr2) or 3 (Tr3) mg kg-1 of tramadol IV. The heart rate, respiratory rate (fR), arterial pressure, degree of sedation, gastrointestinal motility (GI), behavior changes and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were evaluated. The MNT was determined with von Frey device method.Tr3 had a significant increase in their fR and more pronounced behavioral changes than other treatments.The Tr1 showed a significant increase in arterial pressure. The GI reduced significantly, mainly in Tr2. The tramadol did not change the MNT of the horses.The clinical alterations observed with the different treatments were considered mild and transitory, being most evident in Tr2. However the tramadol did not have any analgesic effect with any of the doses evaluated.

scholarly journals Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Mechanical Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Red Radiation ◽  
Preset Temperature

Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal&rsquo;s shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1 - 2mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal&rsquo;s back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a hand held component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cutout at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5 &ndash; 49.8&deg;C) and MT (2.7 &ndash; 10.1N); precise values depended on species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.

Challenges of thermal nociceptive threshold testing in the donkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J Grint ◽  
Helen R Whay ◽  
Thierry Beths ◽  
Kathy Yvorchuk ◽  
Joanna C Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing
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