Challenges of thermal nociceptive threshold testing in the donkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J Grint ◽  
Helen R Whay ◽  
Thierry Beths ◽  
Kathy Yvorchuk ◽  
Joanna C Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing

scholarly journals Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Mechanical Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Red Radiation ◽  
Preset Temperature

Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal’s shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1 - 2mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal’s back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a hand held component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cutout at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5 – 49.8°C) and MT (2.7 – 10.1N); precise values depended on species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.

Development of a pressure nociceptive threshold testing device for evaluation of analgesics in cats

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Dixon ◽  
P.M. Taylor ◽  
P.V.M. Steagall ◽  
J.T. Brondani ◽  
S.P.L. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Testing Device ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing

Mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in assessing pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jolliffe ◽  
D. Flack ◽  
B. Joyce ◽  
J. Keeley ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

scholarly journals Mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in Bos indicus bull calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle C. Musk ◽  
Michael Laurence ◽  
Teresa Collins ◽  
Jonathan Tuke ◽  
Timothy H. Hyndman
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

The aim of this prospective, controlled, randomised trial was to develop a technique for mechanical nociceptive threshold testing (NTT) to assess pain in Bos indicus bull calves undergoing surgical castration. Analgesia was provided by 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) meloxicam (M) and/or 2 mg/kg of intra-testicular and SC (at the surgery sites) lidocaine (L). Forty-eight Brahman bull calves at 6–8 months of age were divided into six study groups, each with eight animals: no surgery control; surgical castration (C) without analgesia; C and Mpre-op; C and Mpost-op; C, L and Mpost-op; C and L. Mechanical NTT was performed the day before surgery (Day –1) and on Days 1, 2, 6, 10 and 13 after surgery. A handheld manual pneumatic device with a 1-mm (diameter) blunt pin was used to deliver a mechanical stimulus to a maximum of 27 Newtons either side of the most dorsal aspect of the sacrum. The most frequent responses to the mechanical stimulus were lifting or kicking of the leg on the same side as the stimulus (31%) and stepping away from the stimulus (24.9%). Data were analysed with a mixed effect linear model with the nociceptive threshold (NT) as the response variable and day and analgesic treatment as predictors (P < 0.05 was considered significant). For all groups, there was a trend towards decreasing NT over the study period but there were no significant differences between groups. Step down model selection with day, batch and treatment terms revealed a significant effect of day (P < 0.001) and batch (P = 0.007). Mechanical NTT for assessment of pain in Bos indicus bull calves requires further refinement to determine if this is a useful method of pain assessment.

scholarly journals Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Mechanical Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Red Radiation ◽  
Preset Temperature

Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response, which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings, leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal’s shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1–2 mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal’s back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a handheld component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cut-out at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment, enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5–49.8 °C) and MT (2.7–10.1 N); precise values depended on the species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.

Development of mechanical and thermal nociceptive threshold testing devices in unrestrained birds (broiler chickens)

2011 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hothersall ◽  
G. Caplen ◽  
C.J. Nicol ◽  
P.M. Taylor ◽  
A.E. Waterman-Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing

scholarly journals Thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold testing in pregnant sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle C Musk ◽  
Fraser R Murdoch ◽  
Jonathan Tuke ◽  
Matthew W Kemp ◽  
Michael J Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

scholarly journals Thermal Nociceptive Threshold Testing Detects Altered Sensory Processing in Broiler Chickens with Spontaneous Lameness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Hothersall ◽  
Gina Caplen ◽  
Richard M. A. Parker ◽  
Christine J. Nicol ◽  
Avril E. Waterman-Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Testing
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