scholarly journals Foliar water and solute absorption: an update

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Fernández ◽  
Eustaquio Gil‐Pelegrín ◽  
Thomas Eichert
Keyword(s):  
Solute Absorption

Sucrose or Glucose for Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-607
Author(s):  
T. H. Hughes-Davies
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Unknown Quantity ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Solute Excretion

Water moves along osmotic gradients. Acute diarrhea is due to impaired solute absorption or to increased solute excretion. It seems reasonable, as well as traditional, to lower the osmolarity of the gut's contents in diarrhea by starvation and water. Breast milk, when fully digested, has nearly twice the osmolarity of plasma, and giving it (or bread and butter1) as advocated in Dacca2 might prolong diarrhea. The 24-hour purging rate of the patients of Black et al on an unknown quantity of milk equalled that of the first eight hours, and diarrhea persisted for 60 hours.

Fluid Absorption in the Kidney Proximal Tubule

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
JA Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Leaky Epithelium

Fluid absorption in the proximal tubule can be driven by a small osmotic difference between the luminal and interstitial fluids because this leaky epithelium has a high water permeability. The osmotic difference is produced by solute absorption, which tends to dilute the luminal fluid and concentrate the interstitial fluid. However, important questions remain unanswered regarding the pathway for water flow and the role of hemodynamic and humoral factors.

Bicarbonate secretion and solute absorption in forestomach of the llama.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rübsamen ◽  
W V Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Bicarbonate Secretion ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Cardiac Region ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Pavlov Pouch

Bicarbonate appearance in the lumen and its relationship to solute absorption were studied in a Pavlov pouch in the cardiac region of the first compartment of the llama forestomach. HCO3- appearance showed no diurnal variation. HCO3- accumulation was highly dependent on the pH of the solution used. The HCO3- ion probably is formed from CO2 diffusing into the lumen from the serosal side, as a result of cell metabolism and of OH- ions. HCO3- accumulation was closely related to volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption. The ratio of HCO3- appearance to VFA absorption depended on the pH of the solution. At a pH of 6.6, about 0.1 mol HCO3- and, at a pH of 7.8, 0.9 mol HCO3- appeared per mole absorbed VFA, indicating that at slightly alkaline pH nearly all H+ ions required for the nonionic absorption of VFA appeared to be delivered from the dissociation of H2CO3. Bicarbonate gain and VFA absorption were increased when animals were not fed for 48 h. Sodium absorption was related to VFA as well as water absorption.

Solute absorption into molten polystyrene

1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Covitz ◽  
J. W. King
Keyword(s):  
Solute Absorption

Transport of solute in proximal tubules is modified by changes in medium osmolality

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. F246-F255
Author(s):  
J. C. Williams ◽  
D. W. Barfuss ◽  
J. A. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Volume Absorption ◽  
Straight Tubules ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

To examine the hypothesis that fluid absorption is driven by transepithelial osmotic differences, we measured such differences in proximal tubules perfused under oil and attempted to increase the rate of fluid absorption (Jv) and hence the absorbate-perfusate osmotic differences by lowering the osmolality of the perfusate. We were able to consistently increase Jv in this manner only in proximal straight tubules perfused with a simple perfusate that contained no bicarbonate or amino acids. With the simple perfusate, a small but significant increase in the absorbate-perfusate osmolality difference was seen with increased Jv, which is expected if the volume absorption is driven by a transepithelial osmotic difference. In addition, lowering the perfusate osmolality from 290 to 160 mosmol/kg H2O increased the rate of solute absorption from 79 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 8 posmol . min-1 . mm-1; this increase was partly accounted for by an increase in the rate of absorption of glucose from 6.6 +/- 0.9 to 9.5 +/- 1.1 pmol . min-1 . mm-1. In contrast, with the complete perfusate in proximal straight tubules there was little or no increment in Jv, no change in transepithelial osmolality differences, and a decrease in the rate of solute transport with hypoosmolality from 136 +/- 21 to 87 +/- 22 posmol . min-1 . mm-1. In proximal convoluted tubules, similar results were obtained, but a time-dependent decline of Jv complicated the interpretation of the results in the convoluted tubules. It is hypothesized that the observed changes in solute transport with hypotonic perfusate may be the result of changes in membrane permeability that are subsequent to cell swelling.

Boundary-induced autophoresis of isotropic colloids: anomalous repulsion in the lubrication limit

2016 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Yariv
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Field ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Hankel Transform ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Anomalous Particle ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Inner Region ◽  
Asymptotic Matching

When suspended in a liquid solution, chemically active colloids may self-propel due to an asymmetry in either particle shape or the interfacial distribution of solute absorption. We here consider a chemically homogeneous spherical particle which undergoes self-diffusiophoresis due to the presence of nearby inert wall. In particular, we focus upon the near-contact limit where it was recently observed (Yariv, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1 (3), 2016, 032101) that the solute-concentration profile within the narrow gap separating the particle and the wall cannot be uniquely determined by a gap-scale analysis. We here revisit this near-contact limit using matched asymptotic expansions, the inner region being the gap domain and the outer region being on the particle scale. Asymptotic matching with the Hankel-transform representation of the outer distribution of solute concentration serves to determine both the scaling and magnitude of the corresponding inner profile. The ensuing gap-scale pressure field, set by a lubrication mechanism, gives rise to an anomalous particle–wall interaction, scaling as an irrational power of the gap clearance.

Gastric Emptying and Intestinal Absorption of a Low-Carbohydrate Sport Drink during Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rogers ◽  
Robert W. Summers ◽  
G. Patrick Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Sport Drink ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Trial Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine if lowering carbohydrate (CHO) concentration in a sport drink influences gastric emptying, intestinal absorption, or performance during cycle ergometry (85 min, 60% VO2peak). Five subjects (25 ± 1 y, 61.5 ± 2.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1 VO2peak) ingested a 3% CHO, 6% CHO, or a water placebo (WP) beverage during exercise. Gastric emptying was determined by repeated double sampling and intestinal absorption by segmental perfusion. Total solute absorption and plasma glucose was greater for 6% CHO; however, neither gastric emptying, intestinal water absorption, or 3-mi time trial performance (7:58 ± 0:33 min, 8:13 ± 0:25 min, and 8:25 ± 0:29 min, respectively, for 6% CHO, 3% CHO, and WP) differed among solutions. These results indicate lowering the CHO concentration of a sport drink from 6% CHO does not enhance gastric emptying, intestinal water absorption, or time trial performance, but reduces CHO and total solute absorption.

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