Circulation of a Simbu Serogroup Virus, Causing Schmallenberg Virus-Like Clinical Signs in Northern Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Abutarbush ◽  
A. La Rocca ◽  
K. Wernike ◽  
M. Beer ◽  
K. AL Zuraikat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Serogroup Virus ◽  
Northern Jordan

scholarly journals A mutation ‘hot spot’ in the Schmallenberg virus M segment

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Fischer ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
Katja V. Goller ◽  
Dirk Höper ◽  
Kerstin Wernike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Host Cell Interaction

In the autumn of 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup, was identified by metagenomic analysis in Germany. SBV has since been detected in ruminants all over Europe, and investigations on phylogenetic relationships, clinical signs and epidemiology have been conducted. However, until now, only comparative sequence analysis of SBV genome segments with other species of the Simbu serogroup have been performed, and detailed data on the S and M segments, relevant for virus–host-cell interaction, have been missing. In this study, we investigated the S- and M-segment sequences obtained from 24 SBV-positive field samples from sheep, cattle and a goat collected from all over Germany. The results obtained indicated that the overall genome variability of SBV is neither regionally nor host species dependent. Nevertheless, we characterized for the first time a region of high sequence variability (a mutation ‘hot spot’) within the glycoprotein Gc encoded by the M segment.

scholarly journals Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine B. Collins ◽  
Michael L. Doherty ◽  
Damien J. Barrett ◽  
John F. Mee
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Irish Case

Abstract In Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly were reported in continental Europe. Subsequently, SBV RNA was confirmed in both aborted and congenitally malformed foetuses and also in Culicoides species biting midges. It soon became evident that SBV was an arthropod-borne teratogenic virus affecting domestic ruminants. SBV rapidly achieved a pan-European distribution with most countries confirming SBV infection within a year or two of the initial emergence. The first Irish case of SBV was confirmed in the south of the country in late 2012 in a bovine foetus. Since SBV was first identified in 2011, a considerable body of scientific research has been conducted internationally describing this novel emerging virus. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of the most up-to-date scientific literature regarding the origin of SBV and the spread of the Schmallenberg epidemic, in addition to describing the species affected, clinical signs, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, impact, diagnostics, surveillance methods and control measures. This review also highlights current knowledge gaps in the scientific literature regarding SBV, most notably the requirement for further research to determine if, and to what extent, SBV circulation occurred in Europe and internationally during 2017 and 2018. Moreover, recommendations are also made regarding future arbovirus surveillance in Europe, specifically the establishment of a European-wide sentinel herd surveillance program, which incorporates bovine serology and Culicoides entomology and virology studies, at national and international level to monitor for the emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses such as SBV, bluetongue virus and other novel Culicoides-borne arboviruses.

scholarly journals A novel Schmallenberg virus subunit vaccine candidate protects IFNAR-/- mice against virulent SBV challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Boshra ◽  
Gema Lorenzo ◽  
Diego Charro ◽  
Sandra Moreno ◽  
Gabriel Soares Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
Economical Alternative

AbstractSchmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod-transmitted pathogenic bunyavirus, continues to be a threat to the European livestock industry, causing morbidity and mortality among young ruminant livestock. Here, we describe a novel SBV subunit vaccine, based on bacterially expressed SBV nucleoprotein (SBV-N) administered with a veterinary-grade Saponin adjuvant. When assayed in an IFNAR-/- mouse model, SBV-N with Saponin induced strong non-neutralizing broadly virus-reactive antibodies, decreased clinical signs, as well as significantly reduced viremia. Vaccination assays also suggest that this level of immune protection is cell mediated, as evidenced by the lack of neutralizing antibodies, as well as interferon-γ secretion observed in vitro. Therefore, based on these results, bacterially expressed SBV-N, co-administered with veterinary-grade Saponin adjuvant may serve as a promising economical alternative to current SBV vaccines, and warrant further evaluation in large ruminant animal models. Moreover, we propose that this strategy may be applicable to other bunyaviruses.

Characterization and identification of Oya virus, a Simbu serogroup virus of the genus Bunyavirus, isolated from a pig suspected of Nipah virus infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kono ◽  
Y. Yusnita ◽  
A. R. Mohd Ali ◽  
M. Maizan ◽  
S. H. Sharifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Serogroup Virus

scholarly journals Schmallenberg Disease—A Newly Emerged Culicoides-Borne Viral Disease of Ruminants

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaineh Endalew ◽  
Bonto Faburay ◽  
William Wilson ◽  
Juergen Richt
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

First appearing in 2011 in Northern Europe, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup, is associated with clinical disease mainly in ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats. The clinical signs are characterized by abortion and congenital deformities in newborns. The virus is transmitted by Culicoides midges of the Obsoletus complex. SBV infection induces a solid protective immunity that persists for at least 4 or 6 years in sheep and cattle, respectively. SBV infection can be diagnosed directly by real-time RT-qPCR and virus isolation or indirectly by serological assays. Three vaccines are commercially available in Europe. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on this emerging disease regarding pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, control and prevention. This review also highlights that although much has been learned since SBV’s first emergence, there are still areas that require further study to devise better mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibodies to Simbu Serogroup Viruses in Cattle in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Shima H. Alfaki ◽  
Khalid A. Enan ◽  
Rana A. Gafar ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
The Family ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Serogroup Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The Simbu serogroup is one of the serogroups that belong to the Orthobunyavirus genus of the family Peribunyaviridae. Simbu serogroup viruses are transmitted mainly by Culicoides biting midges. Meager information is available on Simbu serogroup virus infection in ruminants in Sudan. Therefore, in this study, serological surveillance of Simbu serogroup viruses in cattle in seven states in Sudan was conducted during the period from May, 2015, to March, 2016, to shed some light on the prevalence of this group of viruses in our country. Using a cross-sectional design, 184 cattle sera were collected and tested by a commercial SBV ELISA kit which enables the detection of antibodies against various Simbu serogroup viruses. The results showed an overall 86.4% prevalence of antibodies to Simbu serogroup viruses in cattle in Sudan. Univariate analysis showed a significant association ( p = 0.007 ) between ELISA seropositivity and states where samples were collected. This study suggests that Simbu serogroup virus infection is present in cattle in Sudan. Further epizootiological investigations on Simbu serogroup viruses infection and virus species involved are warranted.

scholarly journals Characterization of messenger RNA termini in Schmallenberg virus and related Simbuviruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 2399-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Coupeau ◽  
François Claine ◽  
Laetitia Wiggers ◽  
Beer Martin ◽  
Nathalie Kirschvink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Mrna Transcription ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Simbu Serogroup

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging arbovirus infecting ruminants in Europe. SBV belongs to the Bunyaviridae family within the Simbu serogroup. Its genome comprises three segments, small (S), medium (M) and large (L), that together encode six proteins and contain NTRs. NTRs are involved in initiation and termination of transcription and in genome packaging. This study explored the 3′ mRNA termini of SBV and related Simbuviruses. In addition, the 5′ termini of SBV messenger RNA (mRNA) were characterized. For the three SBV segments, cap-snatching was found to initiate mRNA transcription both in vivo and in vitro. The presence of extraneous nucleotides between host RNA leaders and the viral termini fits with the previously described prime-and-realign theory. At the 3′ termini, common features were identified for SBV and related Simbuviruses. However, different patterns were observed for the termini of the three segments from the same virus type.

The emergence in Japan of Sathuperi virus , a tropical Simbu serogroup virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus

2004 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamakawa ◽  
T. Tsuda ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
T. Yanase ◽  
T. Fukutomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Serogroup Virus

Association of clinical signs after acute Schmallenberg virus infection with milk production and fertility in Swiss dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Lechner ◽  
Marianne Wüthrich ◽  
Mireille Meylan ◽  
Bart H.P. van den Borne ◽  
Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus

Characterization of Simbu serogroup virus infections in type I interferon receptor knock-out mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (10) ◽  
pp. 3119-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Tauscher ◽  
Kerstin Wernike ◽  
Melina Fischer ◽  
Anne Wegelt ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Simbu Serogroup ◽  
Interferon Receptor ◽  
Serogroup Virus ◽  
Knock Out Mice
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