High-Density Dependence But Low Impact on Selected Reproduction Parameters ofBrucella suisBiovar 2 in Wild Boar Hunting Estates from South-Western Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Risco ◽  
A. García ◽  
E. Serrano ◽  
P. Fernandez-Llario ◽  
J. M. Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
High Density ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Wild Boar Hunting

scholarly journals Dermatophytosis due to Microsporum nanum infection in a canine

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Marilia Avila Valandro ◽  
João Paulo da Exaltação Pascon ◽  
Maria Lígia de Arruda Mistieri ◽  
Irina Lubeck
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Wild Boar Hunting

Miscrosporum nanum is a dermatophyte found in swine that causes non-pruritic lesions with desquamation, alopecia, and circular characteristics. M. nanum infection in dogs is rare and poorly understood in terms of its epidemiological and clinical features, and its therapeutic response. The present report describes a case of dermatophytosis due to M. nanum in a Dogo Argentino breed of dog that was used for wild boar hunting. The dermatophytosis presented with hypotrichosis, erythema, and non-pruritic desquamation in the back of the neck and chest area. The dermatophytosis was responsive to systemic treatment with itraconazole and topical (miconazole 2%) for 60 days. Thus, we conclude that the practice of hunting wild boar should be considered as a possible source of infection of M. nanum in the reported dog. The M. nanum infection showed clinical features that were similar to the lesions observed in swine, except for the absence of the circular pattern, and showed a good clinical response to the therapy. Finally, M. nanum should be considered as an etiologic agent of dermatophytosis in dogs that in some manner have had direct contact with domestic or wild swine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Conspecific Density on Emergence ofLestes bipupillatusCalvert, 1909 (Odonata: Lestidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cardoso-Leite ◽  
Gabriel C. Vilardi ◽  
Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira ◽  
Pitágoras C. Bispo
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Density ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emergence Date

Conspecific density may influence adult recruitment and consequently population dynamics. Several studies have shown the density dependence of larvae growth rates in Odonata. However, few studies studied how conspecific density influence final instar larvae emergence date decisions. Considering that larvae may choose the date of emergence, the present study investigated if density affects larvae choice. For this, we reared eight final instar larvae in individual aquaria and other 24 larvae in aquaria with three larvae each. This way, we simulated environments with low and high larval densities. We then noted the days that larvae took to emerge and compared it between low and high density groups. The results showed that larvae seem to emerge earlier when in high densities (Mann-Whitney,U=10.000,P=0.03). These results support the hypothesis that damselfly last instar larvae may postpone or hasten emergence in response to the social environment and related constraints.

Hunters' preferences and willingness to pay for driven hunts in southern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Soliño ◽  
Begoña A. Farizo ◽  
Pablo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Marginal Willingness To Pay ◽  
Game Hunting ◽  
Big Game Hunting ◽  
Wild Boar Hunting

Context Driven hunts exemplify the most representative form of big-game hunting in southern Europe. Aims We analysed hunter preferences for driven hunts and the marginal willingness to pay for their characteristics. Methods We conducted a discrete-choice experiment for driven hunts, taking into account the number of deer that could be hunted, the possibility of free-range wild-boar hunting, the presence of trophies, and other characteristics of driven hunts, such as congestion and travel time. Key results The highest influential driven-hunt characteristic on the utility of big-game hunters is the presence of trophy specimens, whereas for the small-game hunter it would be free-range wild-boar hunting. Conclusions Small-game hunters are reluctant to participate in the big-game market because of cultural factors and not because of budgetary restrictions. Implications Wildlife management and marketing of driven hunts can be improved taking into account the hunter preferences.

scholarly journals Density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (34) ◽  
pp. 1650194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Behera ◽  
T. R. Routray ◽  
S. K. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Symmetry Energy ◽  
High Density ◽  
Nuclear Symmetry Energy ◽  
Density Behavior

High density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is studied on the basis of the stiffest density dependence of asymmetric contribution to energy per nucleon in charge neutral n + p + e + [Formula: see text] matter under beta equilibrium. The density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy obtained in this way is neither very stiff nor soft at high densities and is found to be in conformity with recent observations of neutron stars.

scholarly journals A 25-years population dynamics of sika deer in Kyushu Island, Japan: Estimation using vector autoregressive spatiotemporal model and evaluation of a large-scale management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Suzuki ◽  
Yasumitsu Kuwano ◽  
Yuki Kanamori ◽  
Yohei Kawauchi ◽  
Yoshihiko Uchimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
High Density ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Kyushu Island ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Scale Management

Regional management of large herbivore populations is known to be effective in reducing local economic damages and conserving local endemic plants. However, herbivores often move across management areas, and the effect of population management on a large spatial scale is poorly understood, even though it is necessary to use a large-scale approach across multiple management units to implement appropriate management. In this study, to better understand large-scale management and improve management efficiency, we evaluated effects of large-scale management of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population on Kyushu Island (approximately 36,750 km2) in Japan. We estimated the population dynamics and spatial distributions of the deer and evaluated the effects of harvests, density dependence, and climatic conditions on the population dynamics both across Kyushu Island and in smaller prefectural management units. Fecal pellet count surveys conducted from 1995 to 2019 and results from a vector autoregressive spatio-temporal model showed relatively stable population dynamics and four high-density core areas. No increasing or decreasing trends were observed in the population dynamics, even though harvesting increased annually until it reached about 110,000 in 2014, indicating that harvesting was not related to the population dynamics. In addition, although no effects of density dependence were confirmed, maximum snow depth during winter decreased deer density at the management unit scale. Harvesting represents a major source of mortality in the Kyushu Island population because of the absence of predators. Although, approximately 110,000 sika deer were harvested annually after 2014, it is surprising that the effect of harvesting on population dynamics was not significant. A main cause of no reduction of the population was that the population used to determine the harvest number was underestimated. In addition, it was indicated that multi-management units need to manage the core areas because the high-density core areas were located across a few management units. This study highlights the difficulties involved with wide-area management of large herbivores and points out the importance of accurate stock assessment, reduction of the risk of management failure, and cooperation among management units. Our research is an important contribution to the study of the effects of large-scale harvesting in a large geographic area.

Wild boar hunting in the Eastern Mediterranean from the 2nd to the 1st millennium BC

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Dalix ◽  
Emmanuelle Vila
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
Ras Shamra ◽  
Wild Boar Hunting

Recent studies of the archaeozoological material from the site of Ras Shamra- Ugarit and of related textual sources have been added to the archaeological data; these studies demonstrate in an unexpected manner the importance which the wild boar held on this site during the Late Bronze Age. Is this importance characteristic of Ugarit or of the Late Bronze Age? This question encouraged us to look for traces of wild boars and wild boar hunting in the osteological, iconographic, and textual data for this period in neighbouring regions. This study represents the first stage in research which is intended to be carried out in more detail. Thus here we will only propose avenues for reflection. The site of Ras Shamra on the Syrian coast corresponds to the ancient city-state of Ugarit, the flourishing capital of a small coastal kingdom. Its key geographical situation and its port rendered it a point of contact between Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean world. The city prospered in the Late Bronze Age before being destroyed by the ‘sea people’ in about 1180 BC. The ‘sea people’ and the ‘people from the North’ are known exclusively from Egyptian sources (Ramsès III, Medinet Abu). They are considered to be the destroyers of almost all the Levantine cities of the coast at that period. The excavations of the port (Minetel- Beida), the royal palace, the sanctuaries, and the residential quarters have produced many objects which are evidence of relations with Egypt, Cyprus, and Anatolia, as well as exceptional archives (2nd millennium BC)—numerous economic, administrative, literary, and mythological texts on clay tablets. Ugarit was an important commercial crossroads (Yon 1997). The archaeozoological study carried out on nearly 7000 bone remains reveals a food economy based on the breeding of cattle, sheep, and goats (Vila in press c). Evidence of pig rearing was not found. Hunting was not a common activity, being concentrated mainly on deer and sometimes wild boar. Although its domestic equivalent the pig was not bred at Ugarit, the wild boar was hunted and consumed on the site: 22 remains, some with butchering marks, provide the evidence (Vila & Dalix 2004).

Modelling the effectiveness of vaccination in controlling bovine tuberculosis in wild boar

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy G. Anderson ◽  
Christian Gortázar ◽  
Joaquin Vicente ◽  
Michael R. Hutchings ◽  
Piran C. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Western Spain

Context Bovine tuberculosis is a persistent disease of livestock in many parts of the world, especially where wildlife hosts co-exist with livestock. In south-western Spain, despite the widespread implementation of test-and-cull strategies for cattle, the herd prevalence in areas with high wild boar densities remains stable. The control of M. bovis infection in wild boar is likely to be essential for effective disease control in livestock. Methods We developed an individual-based model to evaluate whether vaccinating wild boar piglets with oral bait would be an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of M. bovis infection in wild boar populations. Specifically, we quantified the proportion of piglets requiring vaccination and the number of years the vaccination programme would need to continue to eradicate bTB from wild boar within 25 years, comparing ‘managed’ populations on hunting estates where supplementary food is provided, with ‘unmanaged’, free-living populations. Successful vaccination was defined as the proportion of piglets that were delivered the vaccine and were effectively protected from infection. Key results Longer-term (25-year) vaccination strategies were more successful than short-term (5-year) strategies at either eradicating M. bovis or reducing it to below 90% of its original prevalence. M. bovis infection could be eradicated under a 25-year vaccination strategy if 80% of piglets were vaccinated in a managed population or 70% of piglets were vaccinated in an unmanaged population. In contrast, 5-year strategies in which 80% of piglets were vaccinated reduced the prevalence of M. bovis only by 27% or 8% in the managed and unmanaged populations, respectively. Conclusions The results of our simulation model, coupled with the promising results of initial vaccine and oral bait-uptake trials in wild boar indicated that vaccination could be an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of M. bovis infection in wild boar if used in conjunction with other disease-control measures. Implications The vaccination of piglets over a long-term period has the potential to make an important contribution to the eradication of M. bovis infection from wild boar reservoirs in southern Spain.

Seasonal and dietary effects on Vitamin D deficiencies detected in wild boar from mid-western Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-674
Author(s):  
David Risco ◽  
Pilar Gonçalves ◽  
María Bravo ◽  
Waldo García-Jiménez ◽  
Rosario Cerrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Dietary Effects ◽  
Western Spain

Supplemental feeding drives endoparasite infection in wild boar in Western Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 196 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Navarro-Gonzalez ◽  
Pedro Fernández-Llario ◽  
Juan Enrique Pérez-Martín ◽  
Gregorio Mentaberre ◽  
José M. López-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Western Spain
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