Genetic containment in vegetatively propagated forest trees: CRISPR disruption of LEAFY function in Eucalyptus gives sterile indeterminate inflorescences and normal juvenile development

During the survey of the forest fungal disease, of Jalgaon district, two severe leaf spot diseases on Lannae coromandelica and ( Ougenia dalbergioides (Papilionaceae) were observed in Jalgaon, forest during July to September 2016-17. The casual organism was identified as Stigmina lanneae and Phomopsis sp. respectively1-4,7. These are first report from Jalgaon and Maharashtra state.

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Larval and juvenile development of the Iceland cockle Ciliatocardium ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780) (Bivalvia: Cardiidae)

Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS ◽

10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.2.242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 324 (2) ◽

pp. 242-251

Author(s):

L.P. Flyachinskaya ◽

P.A. Lezin

Keyword(s):

Lateral Position ◽

Larval Shell ◽

Subtidal Zone ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Posterior Shoulder ◽

Blade Shape ◽

The Right ◽

Lateral Structures ◽

Juvenile Development ◽

Concentric Structure

The paper considers the development of Ciliatocardium ciliatum from the stage of straight hinge to juvenile. In the White Sea the spawning of C. ciliatum begins at the end of June, larvae at different stages of development occur in plankton until the end of September. The earliest of the larvae found had shell lengths of 123–130 µm. The paper first examined the anatomy and structure of the larval shell of C. ciliatum. During the development, the main stages of organogenesis were described and special attention was paid to the formation of the digestive and muscular systems. The digestive system begins to function when the larva reaches a size of 170–180 µm. The digestive gland has a two-blade shape and is shifted to the right side. The foot is formed at a size of 230 µm, the gill rudiments appear when the larva reaches 270 µm. The development of the larval shell and larval hinge of the mollusc is considered in detail. The development of the larval shell of C. ciliatum is similar to the development of other family members. Throughout all the larval stages, the shell has a rounded shape with a low umbos, and the prodissoconch II has a clearly visible concentric structure. The C. ciliatum larval hinge is characterized by weak differentiation and the absence of pronounced cardinal teeth typical for other Cardiidae. However, the lateral structures of the castle – ridges and flanges – are well developed. The ligament begins to form at a size of 240–250 µm and occupies a lateral position. The settlement of the cockle takes place in September in the subtidal zone. After the metamorphosis, a large radial sculpture is formed on the dissoconch and a number of small spikes are formed at the rib of the posterior shoulder.

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Phänologische Trends bei den Waldbäumen in der Schweiz | Phenological trends regarding the forest trees in Switzerland

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2005.0207 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. 207-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudio Defila

Keyword(s):

Regional Differences ◽

Early Growth ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Forest Trees ◽

Spring Season ◽

Arrival Times ◽

The Past ◽

Early Arrival ◽

Southern Side ◽

The Alps

Numerous publications are devoted to plant phenological trends of all trees, shrubs and herbs. In this work we focus on trees of the forest. We take into account the spring season (leaf and needle development) as well as the autumn (colour turning and shedding of leaves) for larch, spruce and beech, and,owing to the lack of further autumn phases, the horse chestnut. The proportion of significant trends is variable, depending on the phenological phase. The strongest trend to early arrival in spring was measured for needles of the larch for the period between 1951 and 2000 with over 20 days. The leaves of the horse chestnut show the earliest trend to turn colour in autumn. Beech leaves have also changed colour somewhat earlier over the past 50 years. The trend for shedding leaves, on the other hand, is slightly later. Regional differences were examined for the growth of needles in the larch where the weakest trends towards early growth are found in Canton Jura and the strongest on the southern side of the Alps. The warming of the climate strongly influences phenological arrival times. Trees in the forest react to this to in a similar way to other plants that have been observed (other trees, shrubs and herbs).

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