Transitional states of sarcopenia: the trajectory of fat accumulation and glucose fluctuation on risk of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou‐En Wu ◽  
Wei‐Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Fluctuation ◽  
Fat Accumulation

scholarly journals Intra-abdominal fat accumulation is an important predictor of metabolic syndrome in young adults

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (37) ◽  
pp. e22202
Author(s):  
Masakazu Kobayashi ◽  
Sayaka Ogawa ◽  
Jun Tayama ◽  
Ikuko Sagara ◽  
Atsushi Takeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Fat Accumulation

scholarly journals Population Approaches Targeting Metabolic Syndrome Focusing on Japanese Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation

The clinical importance of assessment of metabolic syndrome lies in the selection of individuals with multiple risk factors based on visceral fat accumulation, and helping them to reduce visceral fat. Behavioral modification by population approach is important, which adds support to the personal approach. The complexity of visceral fat accumulation requires multicomponent and multilevel intervention. Preparation of food and physical environments could be useful strategies for city planners. Furthermore, actions on various frameworks, including organizational, community, and policy levels, have been recently reported. There are universal public health screening programs and post-screening health educational systems in Japan, and diseases management programs in Germany. Understanding one’s own health status is important for motivation for lifestyle modification. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that primary care practitioners screen all adults for obesity and offer behavioral interventions and intensive counseling. Established evidence-based guidelines for behavioral counseling are needed within the primary care setting.

Chemotherapy Toxicity Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in an Adolescent with Pre-B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4303-4303
Author(s):  
Chatchawin Assanasen ◽  
Rony Skaria ◽  
Maria G. Falcon ◽  
Victor Saldivar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Abstract Abstract 4303 The incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is on the rise. NAFLD is a chronic liver condition characterized by hepatic fat accumulation not due to other causes. NAFLD can progress to include a spectrum of inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and in some cases, cirrhosis. In its most extreme form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other liver dysfunction syndromes can cause significant toxicity and complicate the treatment of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Here we describe the complications of NAFLD transitioning to NASH acutely during induction therapy in an obese adolescent male with newly diagnosed pre-B ALL. A 15 year-old Hispanic male presented with a one-week history of lymphadenopathy. His past medical history included hypertension and NAFLD. No hepatosplenomegaly was noted at diagnosis. The initial laboratory evaluation revealed mild anemia, elevated LDH and uric acid as well as normal AST and ALT. Subsequent work-up including a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy revealed Pre-B ALL. The patient was started on induction therapy on a high-risk protocol receiving vincristine, daunorubicin, prednisone, and asparaginase. On Day 14 of induction, he complained of right upper quadrant pain, and leg paresthesias. Physical examination revealed jaundice, hepatomegaly, and loss of deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities. Laboratory results revealed transaminitis and cholestatic jaundice with hyponatremia. Vincristine and daunorubicin were held. The patient was found to have SIADH and Grade IV peripheral neuropathy attributable to vincristine toxicity. Abdominal ultrasound showed diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver. Percutaneous needle liver biopsy revealed NASH with 70% pan-lobular steatosis, marked degeneration, mild cannalicular cholestasis, and stage 2–3/4 fibrosis. The patient completed 28 days of prednisone but did not receive any subsequent doses of vincristine during induction. The Day 14 bone marrow evaluation showed the patient to be in remission, and this was sustained through Day 29 despite only receiving 2 doses of vincristine (1.5mg/m2/dose) and daunorubicin (25mg/m2/dose), one dose of asparaginase (2500 IU/m2), and 28 days of prednisone (60mg/m2/day). The transaminitis resolved over the next month, as did the SIADH and neuropathy. It was hypothesized that the patient's baseline fatty liver was exacerbated by the prednisone diminishing hepatic metabolic capacity and enhancing chemotherapy related toxicities. He was removed from the study protocol and is being treated with 50% dose-reduced vincristine and avoidance of other hepatotoxic chemotherapies. He has liver biopsies performed after each cycle of chemotherapy to assess the degree of steatosis. Pediatric obesity is a growing problem. It is estimated that about 10% of children are affected by NAFLD/NASH. Higher rates are seen in Hispanics, obese populations, and type 2 diabetics. Serologic markers and imaging techniques have not proven to be effective at screening patients at risk for NAFLD/NASH. The gold standard for diagnosis is biopsy of liver tissue but may not be practical for all patients. Proven treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH are similarly limited to lifestyle changes involving diet and exercise. Chemotherapy agents used in leukemia therapy consist of multiple agents that either rely on hepatic function for metabolic activation (cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, methotrexate) or elimination (vincristine, daunorubicin, mercaptopurine). Others including the antimetabolites (mercaptopurine, methotrexate, asparaginase, prednisone) have direct toxic effects on the liver. Limitations in the use of these standard agents severely hamper the therapeutic options for oncologists treating patients with leukemia. Although this is the only case report to our knowledge that describes chemotherapy inducing progression to NASH, clinicians are likely to continue to experience complications related to obesity, fatty liver, and metabolic syndrome as their incidence continues to rise worldwide. An essential component of leukemia therapy, corticosteroids have been shown to induce fat accumulation in the liver. This patient previously carried a diagnosis of fatty liver prior to treatment, but the rapid progression to NASH and subsequent hepatic dysfunction contributed significantly to his toxicities and future chemotherapeutic treatment options. Disclosures: Assanasen: Vidacare Corporation: Research Funding. Falcon:Vidacare Corporation: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Chen ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Li ◽  
Rui-Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bif) supplementation on visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n 10 per group) were fed four different experimental diets for 12 weeks as follows: standard diet; high-fat (HF) diet; a mix of HF diet and Bif; a mix of standard diet and Bif. Liver, mesenteric fat, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, and inguinal fat, pancreas and triceps surae in all four groups of the rats were weighed, while liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end point of the study. As the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium species decreased obviously, fat pad weight and body weight increased significantly in the HF group compared with in the other three groups (P <0·05). Addition of Bif led to a reduction in body weight and fat pad weight (P <0·05). With an increase in liver weight, more severe steatosis of hepatocytes was observed in the HF group compared with in the other three groups. A significant decrease of the glucose infusion rate and pancreas weight was found in the HF group (P <0·05). This deleterious effect was alleviated when Bif was added to the diets. Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress is Associated With Visceral Fat Accumulation and the Metabolic Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujita ◽  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Tohru Funahashi ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura ◽  
Michio Shimabukuro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome
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