Discovery and modulation of diterpenoid metabolism improves glandular trichome formation, artemisinin production and stress resilience in Artemisia annua

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibing Chen ◽  
Yuejuan Bu ◽  
Junze Ren ◽  
Kyle A. Pelot ◽  
Xiangyang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Trichome Formation

scholarly journals Single Wavelengths of LED Light Supplement Promote the Biosynthesis of Major Cyclic Monoterpenes in Japanese Mint

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ueda ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Ken Yokawa
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Japanese Mint

Environmental light conditions influence the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in the mint plant. Cyclic terpenes, such as menthol, menthone, pulegone, and menthofuran, are major odor components synthesized in mint leaves. However, it is unclear how light for cultivation affects the contents of these compounds. Artificial lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for plant cultivation has the advantage of preferential wavelength control. Here, we monitored monoterpene contents in hydroponically cultivated Japanese mint leaves under blue, red, or far-red wavelengths of LED light supplements. Volatile cyclic monoterpenes, pulegone, menthone, menthol, and menthofuran were quantified using the head-space solid phase microextraction method. As a result, all light wavelengths promoted the biosynthesis of the compounds. Remarkably, two weeks of blue-light supplement increased all compounds: pulegone (362% increase compared to the control), menthofuran (285%), menthone (223%), and menthol (389%). Red light slightly promoted pulegone (256%), menthofuran (178%), and menthol (197%). Interestingly, the accumulation of menthone (229%) or menthofuran (339%) was observed with far-red light treatment. The quantification of glandular trichomes density revealed that no increase under light supplement was confirmed. Blue light treatment even suppressed the glandular trichome formation. No promotion of photosynthesis was observed by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The present result indicates that light supplements directly promoted the biosynthetic pathways of cyclic monoterpenes.

scholarly journals Genetic basis for glandular trichome formation in cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ma ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Changqing Yang ◽  
Bingliang Liu ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trichome Formation

Hair (H) interacts with SlZFP8-like to regulate the initiation and elongation of trichomes by modulating SlZFP6 expression in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyan Zheng ◽  
Long Cui ◽  
Changxing Li ◽  
Qingmin Xie ◽  
Guo Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Close Homolog

Abstract Trichomes are specialized glandular or non-glandular structures that provide physical or chemical protection against insect and pathogens attack. Trichomes in Arabidopsis, as typical non-glandular structures, have been extensively studied. However, the molecular mechanism underlying glandular trichome formation and elongation still remains largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that Hair (H) is essential for the formation of type I and type VI trichomes. Here, we found that overexpression of H increased the density and length of tomato trichomes. We revealed that H physically interacts with its close homolog SlZFP8-like (SlZFP8L) and SlZFP8L also directly interacts with Woolly (Wo) by biochemical assays. SlZFP8L overexpression plants showed increased trichome density and length. We further found that the expression of SlZFP6, encoding a C2H2 zinc finger protein, is positively regulated by H. We identified that SlZFP6, is a direct target of H through ChIP-qPCR, Y1H, and LUC assays. Similar to H and SlZFP8L, the overexpression of SlZFP6 also increased the density and length of tomato trichomes. Taken together, our results suggest that H interacts with SlZFP8-like to regulate the initiation and elongation of trichomes by modulating SlZFP6 expression in tomato.

GLANDULAR TRICHOME-SPECIFIC WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Tingxiang Yan ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
Xu Lu ◽  
Qifang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis

Genetic Control of Peltate Glandular Trichome Formation inPerilla frutescens

Planta Medica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nishizawa ◽  
Gisho Honda ◽  
Yoko Kobayashi ◽  
Mamoru Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trichome Formation

scholarly journals Hairiness Gene Regulated Multicellular, Non-Glandular Trichome Formation in Pepper Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqiu Liu ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Jinkui Liu ◽  
Sujun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Multicellular Trichome

Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular epidermal structures that play a defensive role against environmental stresses. Although unicellular trichomes have been extensively studied as a mechanistic model, the genes involved in multicellular trichome formation are not well understood. In this study, we first classified the trichome morphology structures in Capsicum species using 280 diverse peppers. We cloned a key gene (Hairiness) on chromosome 10, which mainly controlled the formation of multicellular non-glandular trichomes (types II, III, and V). Hairiness encodes a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger protein, and virus-induced gene silencing of the gene resulted in a hairless phenotype. Differential expression of Hairiness between the hairiness and hairless lines was due to variations in promoter sequences. Transgenic experiments verified the hypothesis that the promoter of Hairiness in the hairless line had extremely low activity causing a hairless phenotype. Hair controlled the formation of type I glandular trichomes in tomatoes, which was due to nucleotide differences. Taken together, our findings suggest that the regulation of multicellular trichome formation might have similar pathways, but the gene could perform slightly different functions in crops.

The WRKY transcription factor AaGSW2 promotes glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Xie ◽  
Tingxiang Yan ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Yanan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Wrky Proteins

Abstract Glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs) synthesize and secrete large quantities of secondary metabolites, some of which have well-established commercial value. An example is the anti-malarial compound artemisinin, which is synthesized in the GSTs of Artemisia annua. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in understanding the processes that regulate GST density as a strategy to increase artemisinin production. In this study we identified a GST-specific WRKY transcription factor from A. annua, AaGSW2, which is positively regulated by the direct binding of the homeodomain proteins AaHD1 and AaHD8 to the L1-box of the AaGSW2 promoter. Overexpression of AaGSW2 in A. annua significantly increased GST density, while AaGSW2 knockdown lines showed impaired GST initiation. Ectopic expression of AaGSW2-homologs from two mint cultivars, Mentha spicata and Mentha haplocalyx, in A. annua also induced GST formation. These results reveal a molecular mechanism involving homeodomain and WRKY proteins that controls glandular trichome initiation, at least part of which is shared by A. annua and mint.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Influences Artemisia annua Plant Parameters and Artemisinin Content under Different Soil Types and Cultivation Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Domokos ◽  
Béla Bíró-Janka ◽  
János Bálint ◽  
Katalin Molnár ◽  
Csaba Fazakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Artemisinin Content

Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis. Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat. The increase in the root colonization rate positively influenced some plant parameters (biomass, glandular trichome density, artemisinin concentration, essential oil quantity and composition), but no effects on PPO enzyme activity were detected. AMF fungus R. irregularis significantly increased the artemisinin content and essential oil yield of plants cultivated in Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and in peat. These soil types can offer appropriate conditions for A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production even on a smaller scale. Under open field conditions, low (about 5%) AMF colonization was observed. No differences in artemisin contents were detected, but essential oil yield significantly increased compared to control plants. AMF treatment increased beta-farnesene and germacrene D concentrations in Artemisia plants in the open field experiment.

Mutualistic and Endophytic Microorganisms of Artemisia Annua: Description, Role and Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Orsolya Péterfi ◽  
Erzsébet Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Artemisinin Content

Abstract Artemisia annua is an important medical plant that produces artemisinin used for its antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal effects in modern medicine. The high demand and low artemisinin content in plants (0.01-2 %) has led to studies about alternative methods to increase yield. Biofertilizers (beneficial microbes and/or biological products that colonize roots, improve plant nutrition and growth) have been reported affecting secondary metabolism and the production of active ingredients of herbs. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the current status of the research on mutualistic and endophytic microorganism of A. annua that have the potential to increase the quality and quantity of the crude drugs, derived from the herb. Scientific papers in this field focus on the effects on inoculation with different microorganisms (arbuscular micorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria and fungi) and the isolation of endophytes from A. annua. Bioinoculants can affect biomass, artemisinin and essential oil concentration, disease resistance, nutrient status, phosphatase activity, foliar glandular trichome density, leaf chlorophyll content, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and plant growth parameters (total weight, leaf yield, height, seed yield). The endophytes isolated from the plant are potential artemisinin content and plant stress resistance enhancers.

scholarly journals SlMYC1 Regulates Type VI Glandular Trichome Formation and Terpene Biosynthesis in Tomato Glandular Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2988-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiesen Xu ◽  
Zeger O. van Herwijnen ◽  
Dörthe B. Dräger ◽  
Chun Sui ◽  
Michel A. Haring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Terpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Glandular Cells
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