scholarly journals Natural variation in meiotic recombination rate shapes introgression patterns in intraspecific hybrids between wild and domesticated barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1852-1863
Author(s):  
Steven Dreissig ◽  
Andreas Maurer ◽  
Rajiv Sharma ◽  
Linda Milne ◽  
Andrew John Flavell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids

scholarly journals Deciphering the Impact of a Bacterial Infection on Meiotic Recombination in Arabidopsis with Fluorescence Tagged Lines

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Ariane Gratias ◽  
Valérie Geffroy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Dna Recombination ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Sequence Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Plants are under strong evolutionary pressure to maintain surveillance against pathogens. One major disease resistance mechanism is based on NB-LRR (NLR) proteins that specifically recognize pathogen effectors. The cluster organization of the NLR gene family could favor sequence exchange between NLR genes via recombination, favoring their evolutionary dynamics. Increasing data, based on progeny analysis, suggest the existence of a link between the perception of biotic stress and the production of genetic diversity in the offspring. This could be driven by an increased rate of meiotic recombination in infected plants, but this has never been strictly demonstrated. In order to test if pathogen infection can increase DNA recombination in pollen meiotic cells, we infected Arabidopsis Fluorescent Tagged Lines (FTL) with the virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. In all tested intervals, no significant difference in genetic recombination frequency between infected and control plants was observed. Although it has been reported that pathogen exposure can sometimes increase the frequency of recombinant progeny in plants, our findings suggest that meiotic recombination rate in Arabidopsis may be resilient to at least some pathogen attack. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Modification of meiotic recombination by natural variation in plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (20) ◽  
pp. 5471-5483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J Lawrence ◽  
Catherine H Griffin ◽  
Ian R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Natural Variation

scholarly journals Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 10712-10717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Katzourakis ◽  
Vini Pereira ◽  
Michael Tristem
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Gene Density ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Genomic Distribution

ABSTRACT Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) result from germ line infections by exogenous retroviruses. They can proliferate within the genome of their host species until they are either inactivated by mutation or removed by recombinational deletion. ERVs belong to a diverse group of mobile genetic elements collectively termed transposable elements (TEs). Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the factors determining the genomic distribution and persistence of TEs. Here we show that, within humans, gene density and not recombination rate correlates with fixation of endogenous retroviruses, whereas the local recombination rate determines their persistence in a full-length state. Recombination does not appear to influence fixation either via the ectopic exchange model or by indirect models based on the efficacy of selection. We propose a model linking rates of meiotic recombination to the probability of recombinational deletion to explain the effect of recombination rate on persistence. Chromosomes 19 and Y are exceptions, possessing more elements than other regions, and we suggest this is due to low gene density and elevated rates of human ERV integration in males for chromosome Y and segmental duplication for chromosome 19.

A genetic basis for variations in meiotic recombination in Petunia hybrida

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cornu ◽  
E. Farcy ◽  
C. Mousset
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Experimental data show that the meiotic recombination rate during female gametogenesis is controlled by one major nuclear factor, symbolized by Rm1, i.e., recombination modulator 1. The existence of modifiers, suggested by several data, remains to be demonstrated. Rm1 has been located on chromosome II by linkage with locus lu1. The regulation exerted by Rm1 is not directed only to a particular chromosome, but is more general. The recombination rate increases considerably for pairs of closely linked genes on chromosomes I, II, V, VI, and VII; it remains unchanged for a pair of weakly linked genes on chromosomes IV and decreases for a pair of moderately linked genes on chromosome III. Rm1 affects recombination in both male and female gametogeneses, but the effects differ in the two. The marked regions on chromosome III and VII were equally affected in male and female meioses, but the marked regions on chromosome II and VI were unaffected in male meiosis.Key words: Petunia hybrida, recombination, meiosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Maternal Age on Recombination Rate in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botong Shen ◽  
Ellen Freebern ◽  
Jicai Jiang ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
John B. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Meiotic recombination is a fundamental biological process that facilitates meiotic division and promotes genetic diversity. Recombination is phenotypically plastic and affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The effect of maternal age on recombination rates has been characterized in a wide range of species, but the effect’s direction remains inconclusive. Additionally, the characterization of temperature effects on recombination has been limited to model organisms. Here we seek to comprehensively determine the impact of genetic and environmental factors on recombination rate in dairy cattle. Using a large cattle pedigree, we identified maternal recombination events within 305,545 three-generation families. By comparing recombination rate between parents of different ages, we found a quadratic trend between maternal age and recombination rate in cattle. In contrast to either an increasing or decreasing trend in humans, cattle recombination rate decreased with maternal age until 65 months and then increased afterward. Combining recombination data with temperature information from public databases, we found a positive correlation between environmental temperature during fetal development of offspring and recombination rate in female parents. Finally, we fitted a full recombination rate model on all related factors, including genetics, maternal age, and environmental temperatures. Based on the final model, we confirmed the effect of maternal age and environmental temperature during fetal development of offspring on recombination rate with an estimated heritability of 10% (SE = 0.03) in cattle. Collectively, we characterized the maternal age and temperature effects on recombination rate and suggested the adaptation of meiotic recombination to environmental stimuli in cattle. Our results provided first-hand information regarding the plastic nature of meiotic recombination in a mammalian species.

scholarly journals Higher Intercellular Variation in Genome-Wide Recombination Rate in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
April L. Peterson ◽  
Bret A. Payseur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mlh1 Focus ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recombination Pathway

Meiotic recombination affects fertility, shuffles genomes, and modulates the effectiveness of natural selection. Despite conservation of the recombination pathway, the rate of recombination varies among individuals and along chromosomes. Recombination rate also differs among cells from the same organism, but this form of variation has received less attention. To identify patterns that characterize intercellular variation in the genome-wide recombination rate, we counted foci of the MLH1 recombination-associated protein in oocytes and spermatocytes from a panel of wild-derived inbred strains of house mice. Females show higher intercellular variation in MLH1 focus count than males from the same inbred strains. This pattern is consistent across strains from multiple subspecies, including 2 strains in which the average MLH1 focus count is higher in males. The sex difference in genome-wide recombination rate we report suggests that selection targeting recombination rate will be more efficient in males than in females.

scholarly journals Production of Androgenetic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham E Corley-Smith ◽  
Chinten James Lim ◽  
Bruce P Brandhorst
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Parent Of Origin

Abstract To help investigate the evolutionary origin of the imprinting (parent-of-origin mono-allelic expression) of paternal genes observed in mammals, we constructed haploid and diploid androgenetic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Haploid androgenotes were produced by fertilizing eggs that had been X-ray irradiated to eliminate the maternal genome. Subsequent inhibition of the first mitotic division of haploid androgenotes by heat shock produced diploid androgenotes. The lack of inheritance of maternal-specific DNA markers (RAPD and SSR) by putative diploid and haploid androgenotes confirmed the androgenetic origin of their genomes. Marker analysis was performed on 18 putative androgenotes (five diploids and 13 haploids) from six families. None of 157 maternal-specific RAPD markers analyzed, some of which were apparently homozygous, were passed on to any of these putative androgenotes. A mean of 7.7 maternal-specific markers were assessed per family. The survival of androgenetic zebrafish suggests that if paternal imprinting occurs in zebrafish, it does not result in essential genes being inactivated when their expression is required for development. Production of haploid androgenotes can be used to determine the meiotic recombination rate in male zebrafish. Androgenesis may also provide useful information about the mechanism of sex determination in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Position Effects of Ribosomal RNA Multigene Loci on Meiotic Recombination in Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Cheng Luo ◽  
Zu-Li Yang ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genetic Length

Abstract Homeologous wheat chromosome arms that differ by the presence or absence of a Nor locus or greatly differ in the numbers of copies of rRNA genes per Nor locus show conspicuous differences in the distribution of recombination. To assess directly the position effects of Nor loci on recombination across chromosome arms, a Triticum monococcum Nor9 haplotype was substituted for Triticum aestivum Nor9 haplotypes on two T. aestivum 1A chromosomes in the isogenic background of cv Chinese Spring. The numbers of rRNA genes in the 1A Nor9 haplotypes are greatly reduced relative to the T. monococcum haplotype. The substitution resulted in reduced recombination rate in the vicinity of the Nor9 locus. An intra-arm compensatory increase was observed in the proximal region of the arm so that the genetic length of the chromosome arm was unchanged. These findings suggest that Nor loci suppress recombination in their vicinity and change recombination patterns in Nor-bearing chromosome arms.

scholarly journals Genomic structure of Hstx2 modifier of Prdm9-dependent hybrid male sterility in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Lustyk ◽  
Slavomír Kinský ◽  
Kristian Karsten Ullrich ◽  
Michelle Yancoskie ◽  
Lenka Kašíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Copy Number Polymorphism ◽  
Recombination Suppression ◽  
Hybrid Male Sterility ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis

ABSTRACTF1 hybrids between mouse inbred strains PWD and C57BL/6 represent the most thoroughly genetically defined model of hybrid sterility in vertebrates. Hybrid male sterility can be fully reconstituted from three components of this model, namely the Prdm9 hybrid sterility gene, intersubspecific homeology of Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus autosomes, and the X-linked Hstx2 locus. Hstx2 modulates the extent of Prdm9-dependent meiotic arrest and harbors two additional genetic factors responsible for intersubspecific introgression-induced oligospermia (Hstx1) and reduced global meiotic recombination rate (Meir1). To facilitate positional cloning and to overcome the recombination suppression within the 4.3 Mb genomicDob interval encompassing the Hstx2 locus we designed Hstx2-CRISPR and SPO11/Cas9 transgenes aimed to induce DNA double-strand breaks specifically within the Hstx2 locus. The resulting recombinant reduced the Hstx2 locus to 2.70 Mb (Chr X:66.51-69.21 Mb). The newly defined Hstx2 still operates as the major X-linked factor of the F1 hybrid sterility, controls meiotic chromosome synapsis, and modifies meiotic recombination rate. Despite extensive further crosses, the 2.70 Mb Hstx2 interval behaved as a recombination cold spot with reduced PRDM9-mediated H3K4 hotspots and absence of DMC1-defined DNA DSB hotspots. To search for structural anomalies as a possible cause of recombination suppression we used optical mapping of the Hstx2 interval and observed high incidence of subspecies-specific structural variants along the X chromosome, with a striking copy number polymorphism of the microRNA Mir465 cluster. Finally, we analyzed the role of one of the Hstx2 candidate genes, the Fmr1 neighbor (Fmr1nb) gene in male fertility.Article summaryEarly meiotic arrest of mouse intersubspecific hybrids depends on the interaction between the Prdm9 gene and Hybrid sterility X2 (Hstx2) locus on chromosome X. Lustyk et al. conducted high-resolution genetic and physical mapping of the Hstx2 locus, reduced it to 2.7 Mb interval within a constitutive recombination cold spot and found that the newly defined Hstx2 still operates as the X-linked hybrid sterility factor, controls meiotic chromosome synapsis, and modifies recombination rate. Optical mapping of the Hstx2 genomic region excluded inversion as a cause of recombination suppression and revealed a striking copy number polymorphism of the microRNA Mir465 cluster.

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