scholarly journals Male meiotic recombination rate varies with seasonal temperature fluctuations in wild populations of autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Weitz ◽  
Marinela Dukic ◽  
Leo Zeitler ◽  
Kirsten Bomblies
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Arabidopsis Arenosa

Differential responses of non-human primates to seasonal temperature fluctuations

Primates ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
John Chih Mun Sha ◽  
Heying Du ◽  
Junwei Deng ◽  
Zujin Chen ◽  
Qirui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Differential Responses

scholarly journals Deciphering the Impact of a Bacterial Infection on Meiotic Recombination in Arabidopsis with Fluorescence Tagged Lines

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Ariane Gratias ◽  
Valérie Geffroy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Dna Recombination ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Sequence Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Plants are under strong evolutionary pressure to maintain surveillance against pathogens. One major disease resistance mechanism is based on NB-LRR (NLR) proteins that specifically recognize pathogen effectors. The cluster organization of the NLR gene family could favor sequence exchange between NLR genes via recombination, favoring their evolutionary dynamics. Increasing data, based on progeny analysis, suggest the existence of a link between the perception of biotic stress and the production of genetic diversity in the offspring. This could be driven by an increased rate of meiotic recombination in infected plants, but this has never been strictly demonstrated. In order to test if pathogen infection can increase DNA recombination in pollen meiotic cells, we infected Arabidopsis Fluorescent Tagged Lines (FTL) with the virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. In all tested intervals, no significant difference in genetic recombination frequency between infected and control plants was observed. Although it has been reported that pathogen exposure can sometimes increase the frequency of recombinant progeny in plants, our findings suggest that meiotic recombination rate in Arabidopsis may be resilient to at least some pathogen attack. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic response in Acropora muricata under acute temperature stress follows preconditioned seasonal temperature fluctuations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny T. M. Lee ◽  
Shashank Keshavmurthy ◽  
Silvia Fontana ◽  
Mezaki Takuma ◽  
Wen-Hua Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Transcriptomic Response

scholarly journals Temperature monitoring of surface layers of the earth in Perm

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Andrey Ponomaryov ◽  
Aleksandr Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of monitoring the temperature of the surface layers of the earth. Monitoring was carried out at two sites with engineering-geological conditions typical for Perm. The geological conditions of the first site are clay soils, the second site is sandy. The first site is located in a dense urban development, the second in an unfinished part of the city of Perm. The depth of the soil massif on which the temperature was monitored was: for the first site - 19 m, for the second site - 37 m. Based on monitoring results, a picture of the temperature change in the soil massif in time for both sites was obtained. In the article, the average monthly temperatures of the soil massif are plotted on both sites. The zone of fluctuations in the temperature of the soil massif is revealed depending on the temperature of the outside air. The depth of the zone of seasonal temperature fluctuations was 10m. Monitoring determined that the temperature of the ground mass is below 10m: for the first site + 12 ° C with a decrease in temperature to 10°C to a depth of 19m, for the second site - a constant + 6-7°C to a depth of 37m.

Psychrophiles, psychrotrophs, and mesophiles in an environment which experiences seasonal temperature fluctuations

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Ferroni ◽  
J. S. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Sampling Occasion ◽  
Yearly Cycle ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Temperature Ranges

The quantification of psychrophilic/psychrotrophic and mesophilic, heterotrophic bacteria from a lake which experiences seasonal temperature fluctuations showed that the psychrophilic/psychrotrophic population ranged in number from 1212 to 87 000/mL, whereas the mesophilic population ranged from 67to3783/mL, for sediment–water interface samples over the yearly cycle. The relative abundance of psychrophiles/psychrotrophs and mesophiles varied with season, but psychrophilic/psychrotrophic bacteria were found to predominate on every sampling occasion. A considerable number of the 37 °C isolates were found to be psychrotrophs having broad temperature ranges for growth. An especially notable result was the isolation of psychrophiles on every sampling occasion, and in such high numbers, from this "nonpermanently cold" environment.A total of 388 isolates were described according to Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, biochemical activities, and thermal type, and on the basis of similarities they were grouped into 158 "working types." Many of the "working types" were capable of gelatinase, amylase, chitinase, and lipase production.A comparison of the generation times of the psychrophilic/psychrotrophic and mesophilic "working types" with their frequencies of occurrence, for all four samplings, did not reveal a direct relationship between numerical predominance and growth rate as determined by temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 10712-10717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Katzourakis ◽  
Vini Pereira ◽  
Michael Tristem
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Gene Density ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Genomic Distribution

ABSTRACT Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) result from germ line infections by exogenous retroviruses. They can proliferate within the genome of their host species until they are either inactivated by mutation or removed by recombinational deletion. ERVs belong to a diverse group of mobile genetic elements collectively termed transposable elements (TEs). Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the factors determining the genomic distribution and persistence of TEs. Here we show that, within humans, gene density and not recombination rate correlates with fixation of endogenous retroviruses, whereas the local recombination rate determines their persistence in a full-length state. Recombination does not appear to influence fixation either via the ectopic exchange model or by indirect models based on the efficacy of selection. We propose a model linking rates of meiotic recombination to the probability of recombinational deletion to explain the effect of recombination rate on persistence. Chromosomes 19 and Y are exceptions, possessing more elements than other regions, and we suggest this is due to low gene density and elevated rates of human ERV integration in males for chromosome Y and segmental duplication for chromosome 19.

A genetic basis for variations in meiotic recombination in Petunia hybrida

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cornu ◽  
E. Farcy ◽  
C. Mousset
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Experimental data show that the meiotic recombination rate during female gametogenesis is controlled by one major nuclear factor, symbolized by Rm1, i.e., recombination modulator 1. The existence of modifiers, suggested by several data, remains to be demonstrated. Rm1 has been located on chromosome II by linkage with locus lu1. The regulation exerted by Rm1 is not directed only to a particular chromosome, but is more general. The recombination rate increases considerably for pairs of closely linked genes on chromosomes I, II, V, VI, and VII; it remains unchanged for a pair of weakly linked genes on chromosomes IV and decreases for a pair of moderately linked genes on chromosome III. Rm1 affects recombination in both male and female gametogeneses, but the effects differ in the two. The marked regions on chromosome III and VII were equally affected in male and female meioses, but the marked regions on chromosome II and VI were unaffected in male meiosis.Key words: Petunia hybrida, recombination, meiosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Maternal Age on Recombination Rate in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botong Shen ◽  
Ellen Freebern ◽  
Jicai Jiang ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
John B. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Meiotic recombination is a fundamental biological process that facilitates meiotic division and promotes genetic diversity. Recombination is phenotypically plastic and affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The effect of maternal age on recombination rates has been characterized in a wide range of species, but the effect’s direction remains inconclusive. Additionally, the characterization of temperature effects on recombination has been limited to model organisms. Here we seek to comprehensively determine the impact of genetic and environmental factors on recombination rate in dairy cattle. Using a large cattle pedigree, we identified maternal recombination events within 305,545 three-generation families. By comparing recombination rate between parents of different ages, we found a quadratic trend between maternal age and recombination rate in cattle. In contrast to either an increasing or decreasing trend in humans, cattle recombination rate decreased with maternal age until 65 months and then increased afterward. Combining recombination data with temperature information from public databases, we found a positive correlation between environmental temperature during fetal development of offspring and recombination rate in female parents. Finally, we fitted a full recombination rate model on all related factors, including genetics, maternal age, and environmental temperatures. Based on the final model, we confirmed the effect of maternal age and environmental temperature during fetal development of offspring on recombination rate with an estimated heritability of 10% (SE = 0.03) in cattle. Collectively, we characterized the maternal age and temperature effects on recombination rate and suggested the adaptation of meiotic recombination to environmental stimuli in cattle. Our results provided first-hand information regarding the plastic nature of meiotic recombination in a mammalian species.

scholarly journals Higher Intercellular Variation in Genome-Wide Recombination Rate in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
April L. Peterson ◽  
Bret A. Payseur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mlh1 Focus ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recombination Pathway

Meiotic recombination affects fertility, shuffles genomes, and modulates the effectiveness of natural selection. Despite conservation of the recombination pathway, the rate of recombination varies among individuals and along chromosomes. Recombination rate also differs among cells from the same organism, but this form of variation has received less attention. To identify patterns that characterize intercellular variation in the genome-wide recombination rate, we counted foci of the MLH1 recombination-associated protein in oocytes and spermatocytes from a panel of wild-derived inbred strains of house mice. Females show higher intercellular variation in MLH1 focus count than males from the same inbred strains. This pattern is consistent across strains from multiple subspecies, including 2 strains in which the average MLH1 focus count is higher in males. The sex difference in genome-wide recombination rate we report suggests that selection targeting recombination rate will be more efficient in males than in females.

scholarly journals Calculation of temperature waves in kurums

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S Ye Kholodovskii
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
Temperature Waves ◽  
Heat Conducting Medium

Abstract The article indicates the relevance of the study of heat transfer processes in kurums. Boundary value problems of vertical temperature change in kurums and in the underlying rock base are solved, when the temperature on the surface of kurums changes according to a given periodic law, which simulates daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations. The cases when the rock base is a heat-conducting medium and permafrost are considered. Some regularities of temperature propagation along the depth are revealed.

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