A genetic basis for variations in meiotic recombination in Petunia hybrida

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cornu ◽  
E. Farcy ◽  
C. Mousset
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Experimental data show that the meiotic recombination rate during female gametogenesis is controlled by one major nuclear factor, symbolized by Rm1, i.e., recombination modulator 1. The existence of modifiers, suggested by several data, remains to be demonstrated. Rm1 has been located on chromosome II by linkage with locus lu1. The regulation exerted by Rm1 is not directed only to a particular chromosome, but is more general. The recombination rate increases considerably for pairs of closely linked genes on chromosomes I, II, V, VI, and VII; it remains unchanged for a pair of weakly linked genes on chromosomes IV and decreases for a pair of moderately linked genes on chromosome III. Rm1 affects recombination in both male and female gametogeneses, but the effects differ in the two. The marked regions on chromosome III and VII were equally affected in male and female meioses, but the marked regions on chromosome II and VI were unaffected in male meiosis.Key words: Petunia hybrida, recombination, meiosis.

scholarly journals Region-Specific Cis- and Trans-Acting Factors Contribute to Genetic Variability in Meiotic Recombination in Maize

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1113
Author(s):  
Marja C P Timmermans ◽  
O Prem Das ◽  
James M Bradeen ◽  
Joachim Messing
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Cis And Trans

Understanding the genetic basis for variability in recombination rates is important for general genetic studies and plant-breeding efforts. Earlier studies had suggested increased recombination frequencies in particular F2 populations derived from the maize inbred A188. A detailed phenotypic and molecular analysis was undertaken to extend these observations and dissect the responsible factors. A heritable increase in recombination in the sh1-bz1 interval was observed in these populations. A factor causing an approximate twofold increase mapped to the A188 Sh1-Bz1 region, behaved as a dominant, cis-acting factor, affected recombination equally in male and female sporogenesis and did not reduce the well-studied complete interference in the adjacent bz1-wx interval. This factor also did not increase recombination frequencies in the c1-sh1 and bz1-wx intervals, demonstrating independent control of recombination in adjacent intervals. Additional phenotypic analysis of recombination in the c1-sh1 and bz1-wx intervals and RFLP analysis of recombination along chromosomes 7 and 5 suggested that heritable factors controlling recombination in these intervals act largely independently and in trans. Our results show that recombination in these populations, and possibly maize in general, is controlled by both cis- and trans-acting factors that affect specific chromosomal regions.

scholarly journals Genetic control of male cuticular hydrocarbons in Drosophila melanogaster

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ferveur ◽  
Jean-Marc Jallon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Functional Implication ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii

Summary7-tricosene (7-T) and 7-pentacosene (7-P) are the two main hydrocarbons on the cuticle of male Drosophila melanogaster. These two substances might play a pheromonal role during courtship behaviour. We investigated the genetic basis of the quantitative polymorphism observed in the production of 7-T and 7-P. Strains of different geographic origin, with males producing either predominantly 7-T or predominantly 7-P, were hybridized with strains carrying genetic markers. We found that chromosome II changes the balance between 7-T and 7-P while chromosome III regulates the overall quantity of both 7-monoenes. We have also characterized and roughly mapped sept and smoq, two genetic factors on chromosome II that act additively on the production of both cuticular hydrocarbons. The genetic control of the variation in 7-T and 7-P varies between D. melanogaster strains and between D. melanogaster and its sibling species D.simulans. The possible evolutionary and physiological causes of this variation as well as its functional implication for courtship behaviour are discussed.

scholarly journals TETRAPLOID STRAINS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE THAT ARE TRISOMIC FOR CHROMOSOME III

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-684
Author(s):  
Michael I Riley ◽  
T R Manney
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Segregation ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Strong Interference ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Double Crossovers

ABSTRACT Meiotic segregation of several genes has been studied in tetraploid strains that are trisomic for chromosome III. The segregation data were compared to a computer simulation that assumes trivalent pairing of homologues involved in exchanges, followed by nonpreferential segregation. Trivalent pairing was characterized by higher frequencies of exchange as compared to bivalent pairing, and by the presence of spores resulting from at least double crossovers involving all three homologues. Trivalent segregation was characterized by a unique recombinant class. The strong interference normally exhibited in diploid meiotic recombination was not evident from the frequency of double crossovers in these strains.

scholarly journals Does RNA interference influence meiotic crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster?

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC W. CROSS ◽  
MICHAEL J. SIMMONS
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Crossover Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Balancer Chromosomes ◽  
Balancer Chromosome

SummaryMutations in the RNA interference (RNAi) genes aubergine (aub), homeless and piwi were tested for effects on the frequency, distribution and coincidence of meiotic crossovers in the long arm of the X chromosome. Some increases in crossover frequency were seen in these tests, but they may have been due to a maternal effect of the balancer chromosomes that were used to maintain the RNAi mutations in stocks rather than to the RNAi mutations themselves. These same balancers produced strong zygotic interchromosomal effects when tested separately. Mutations in aub and piwi did not affect the frequency of crossing over in the centric heterochromatin of chromosome II; nor did a balancer chromosome III.

Drosophila melanogaster Importin α1 and α3 Can Replace Importin α2 During Spermatogenesis but Not Oogenesis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Adam Mason ◽  
Robert J Fleming ◽  
David S Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Degenerate Pcr ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Importin Α ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
A Site ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Abstract Importin α’s mediate the nuclear transport of many classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS)-containing proteins. Multicellular animals contain multiple importin α genes, most of which fall into three conventional phylogenetic clades, here designated α1, α2, and α3. Using degenerate PCR we cloned Drosophila melanogaster importin α1, α2, and α3 genes, demonstrating that the complete conventional importin α gene family arose prior to the split between invertebrates and vertebrates. We have begun to analyze the genetic interactions among conventional importin α genes by studying their capacity to rescue the male and female sterility of importin α2 null flies. The sterility of α2 null males was rescued to similar extents by importin α1, α2, and α3 transgenes, suggesting that all three conventional importin α’s are capable of performing the important role of importin α2 during spermatogenesis. In contrast, sterility of α2 null females was rescued only by importin α2 transgenes, suggesting that it plays a paralog-specific role in oogenesis. Female infertility was also rescued by a mutant importin α2 transgene lacking a site that is normally phosphorylated in ovaries. These rescue experiments suggest that male and female gametogenesis have distinct requirements for importin α2.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Impact of a Bacterial Infection on Meiotic Recombination in Arabidopsis with Fluorescence Tagged Lines

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Ariane Gratias ◽  
Valérie Geffroy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Dna Recombination ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Sequence Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Plants are under strong evolutionary pressure to maintain surveillance against pathogens. One major disease resistance mechanism is based on NB-LRR (NLR) proteins that specifically recognize pathogen effectors. The cluster organization of the NLR gene family could favor sequence exchange between NLR genes via recombination, favoring their evolutionary dynamics. Increasing data, based on progeny analysis, suggest the existence of a link between the perception of biotic stress and the production of genetic diversity in the offspring. This could be driven by an increased rate of meiotic recombination in infected plants, but this has never been strictly demonstrated. In order to test if pathogen infection can increase DNA recombination in pollen meiotic cells, we infected Arabidopsis Fluorescent Tagged Lines (FTL) with the virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. In all tested intervals, no significant difference in genetic recombination frequency between infected and control plants was observed. Although it has been reported that pathogen exposure can sometimes increase the frequency of recombinant progeny in plants, our findings suggest that meiotic recombination rate in Arabidopsis may be resilient to at least some pathogen attack. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.

The Formation of Molecules in Three Atom Collisions using the Eikonal Approximation

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1499
Author(s):  
E. Czuchaj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Eikonal Approximation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Recombination Rate Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A new approach to the calculation of a teratomic recombination rate constant k(T) has been dem-onstrated. An expression for k(T) has been obtained in the eikonal approximation. The numerical calculation has been carried out for the Rb*-Xe system. Good agreement in the order of magnitude between the present results and the experimental data of Carrington et al. has been obtained.

scholarly journals Boule-like genes regulate male and female gametogenesis in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano

2011 ◽  
Vol 357 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Kuales ◽  
Katrien De Mulder ◽  
Jade Glashauser ◽  
Willi Salvenmoser ◽  
Shigeo Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Macrostomum Lignano ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

scholarly journals Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 10712-10717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Katzourakis ◽  
Vini Pereira ◽  
Michael Tristem
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Gene Density ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Genomic Distribution

ABSTRACT Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) result from germ line infections by exogenous retroviruses. They can proliferate within the genome of their host species until they are either inactivated by mutation or removed by recombinational deletion. ERVs belong to a diverse group of mobile genetic elements collectively termed transposable elements (TEs). Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the factors determining the genomic distribution and persistence of TEs. Here we show that, within humans, gene density and not recombination rate correlates with fixation of endogenous retroviruses, whereas the local recombination rate determines their persistence in a full-length state. Recombination does not appear to influence fixation either via the ectopic exchange model or by indirect models based on the efficacy of selection. We propose a model linking rates of meiotic recombination to the probability of recombinational deletion to explain the effect of recombination rate on persistence. Chromosomes 19 and Y are exceptions, possessing more elements than other regions, and we suggest this is due to low gene density and elevated rates of human ERV integration in males for chromosome Y and segmental duplication for chromosome 19.

scholarly journals Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are highly variable genetic loci.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4578-4587 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Steiner ◽  
K M Hahnenberger ◽  
L Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Repeat Structure ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii

Gross variations in the structure of the centromere of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome III (cen3) were apparent following characterization of this centromeric DNA in strain Sp223 and comparison of the structure with that of cen3 in three other commonly used laboratory strains. Further differences in centromere structure were revealed when the structure of the centromere of S. pombe chromosome II (cen2) was compared among common laboratory strains and when the structures of cen2 and cen3 from our laboratory strains were compared with those reported from other laboratories. Differences observed in cen3 structure include variations in the arrangement of the centromeric K repeats and an inverted orientation of the conserved centromeric central core. In addition, we have identified two laboratory strains that contain a minimal cen2 repeat structure that lacks the tandem copies of the cen2-specific block of K-L-B-J repeats characteristic of Sp223 cen2. We have also determined that certain centromeric DNA structural motifs are relatively conserved among the four laboratory strains and eight additional wild-type S. pombe strains isolated from various food and beverage sources. We conclude that in S. pombe, as in higher eukaryotes, the centromere of a particular chromosome is not a defined genetic locus but can contain significant variability. However, the basic DNA structural motif of a central core immediately flanked by inverted repeats is a common parameter of the S. pombe centromere.

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