scholarly journals Scots pine fine roots adjust along a 2000-km latitudinal climatic gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zadworny ◽  
M. Luke McCormack ◽  
Joanna Mucha ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Jacek Oleksyn
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Climatic Gradient

Dynamics of fine-root production and mortality of Scots pine in waterlogged peat soil during the growing season

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-518
Author(s):  
Tapani Repo ◽  
Timo Domisch ◽  
Jouni Kilpeläinen ◽  
Sirpa Piirainen ◽  
Raimo Silvennoinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Length

Excess water in the rooting zone critically reduces tree growth and may even kill trees; however, the relative importance of damage to roots versus aboveground parts and the time course of damage are not well understood. We studied the dynamics of fine-root growth and mortality of 7-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings affected by a 5-week period of waterlogging (WL) during the growing season. Two out of six WL-exposed saplings survived the treatment. After 1–2 weeks of WL, the mortality of the first-order short roots (usually mycorrhizas) started to increase and the production of these roots started to decrease. WL decreased the longevity of short and long roots. Total root length (especially of fine roots with a diameter < 0.5 mm), specific fine-root length, total root dry mass (including stump), and reverse-flow root hydraulic conductance were lower in WL saplings than in control saplings at the end of the experiment; however, several root traits were similar in control and surviving WL saplings. Because of the high importance of fine roots for tree growth and carbon sequestration, their responses to elevated water tables should be considered in sustainable use and management of boreal peatland forests, for example, by continuous cover forestry and (or) ditch network maintenance.

Fertilization in a mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand—effects on fine roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Ahlström ◽  
Hans Persson ◽  
Inger Börjesson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots

Development of freezing tolerance in roots and shoots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aija Ryyppö ◽  
Tapani Repo ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Extracellular Resistance

The hardening of hydroponically cultured Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and their recovery after freezing was studied at the end of the second growing season (LD), after 3 weeks of short day treatment (SD), after a gradual decrease in temperature to 5°C over 4 weeks (H1), and after 4 weeks at 5°C (H2). Frost hardiness was determined by several methods and the recovery as survival of the seedlings. The highest frost hardiness was achieved in the distal parts of needles (-21 to -27°C) and in the proximal parts of needles (-18 to -25°C), followed by woody roots (-7 to -9°C), the 1-year-old and current stem (-8°C), and the fine roots (-5°C), all at the end of H2. Hardening of needles was induced by SD, but the stem and woody roots started to harden later, as a response to low temperature. As a result of frost treatment during LD and SD, potential plasma membrane roman H+-ATPase activity of roots decreased as electrolyte leakage increased and extracellular resistance decreased, but this relationship was lost during H1 and H2. The present study demonstrates the lack of hardening capacity in the fine roots of Scots pine seedlings at nonfreezing temperatures and the increased mortality of the young seedlings having frost damage on roots.

scholarly journals Phosphate status and acid phosphatase activity in soil and ectomycorrhizas in two mature stands of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed to different levels of anthropogenic pollution

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

The relations between anthropogenic environmental pollution and the level of inorganic phosphorus in soil, enzyme activities of extracellular soil acid phosphatase and the surface acid phosphatase of excised ectomycorrhizas of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) were studied. Soil and root samples were taken from two Scots pine stands in central Poland: a polluted site exposed to long-term pollution from a steelworks and the city of Warsaw and a reference plot (control) free from direct impact of pollution. The polluted site was characterised by high concentration of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr) and low level of inorganic phosphate in soil. This site had significantly lower enzyme activities of soil acid phosphatase (0.54 µmoles <em>p</em>-nitrophenol released g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight h<sup>-1</sup>) and surface acid phosphatase of pine ectomycorrhizas (3.37 µmoles <em>p</em>-nitrophenol released g<sup>-1</sup> fresh weight h<sup>-1</sup>) than the control site (1.36 µmoles <em>p</em>-nitrophenol released g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight h<sup>-1</sup> and 12.46 µmoles <em>p</em>-nitrophenol released g<sup>-1</sup> fresh weight h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The levels of phosphate, carbon and nitrogen in pine fine roots were also analysed. Low concentrations of P0<sub>4</sub>-P and high N: P ratio in pine fine roots from polluted site were found. The results suggest that soil pollutants may have a negative effect on the extracellular acid phosphatase of soil and Scots pine ectomycorrhizas and on the phosphorus status in fine roots of the plant.

scholarly journals Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Diāna Jansone ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Stefānija Dubra ◽  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Baltic Sea Region

Local adaptation and plasticity of growth play important roles in the adaptability of trees to changing conditions. Under accelerating climatic changes, the adaptive capacity of metapopulations can be exceeded, implying a necessity for assisted gene flow to sustain the productivity of forests. Such management is knowledge intensive, and information on the responsiveness of metapopulations (provenances) across the climatic gradient can aid more comprehensive projections of their performance. The plasticity of growth responses to weather conditions of five provenances of Scots pine with differing field performance across the climatic gradient of the south-eastern Baltic Sea region was assessed using dendrochronological methods and generalized additive models. Weather conditions related to water availability in summer, as well as during dormancy, were the main regional drivers of an increment in the provenances. The provenances differed by the plasticity of responses according to field performance, indicating adaptation in terms of growth sensitivity and uneven adaptability. The weather–growth responses of the top-performing provenances to summer weather were more plastic, providing advantages under a changing climate. Accordingly, regional sensitivity and plasticity of growth responses could be used for the screening of genotypes best suited for the projected climates. In addition, the estimated growth responses encourage supplementation of the local breeding populations with the top-performing provenances originating from sites with the projected climates.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of Scots pine fine roots to water supply in a dry climatic region in Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brunner ◽  
E. G. Pannatier ◽  
B. Frey ◽  
A. Rigling ◽  
W. Landolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Climatic Region

scholarly journals Analysis of biomass in young Scots pine stands as a basis for sustainable forest management in Czech lowlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novák Jiří ◽  
Dušek David ◽  
Kacálek Dušan ◽  
Slodičák Marian
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Pine Stands

Scots pine covers large areas on sandy soils in lowlands of the Czech Republic. These sites can be threatened by non-sustainable biomass removal after clear-cutting. Totally 14 young pine stands at 14–26 years of age were analysed. Particular biomass components were separated, weighed and analysed to investigate their biomass and nutrient contents such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that leaving slash (needles and branches) plus belowground biomass (stumps and coarse roots) on the site represents 51% of calcium, 62% of magnesium, 74% of nitrogen, 67% of phosphorus and 72% of potassium. The total nutrient pools (without fine roots) were 171–377 kg·ha<sup>–1</sup> for nitrogen, 34–72 kg·ha<sup>–1</sup> for phosphorus, 74–172 kg·ha<sup>–1</sup> for potassium, 82–180 kg·ha<sup>–1</sup> for calcium and 19–42 kg·ha<sup>–1</sup> for magnesium. Needles and live branches are the most important pools of nutrients and the extraction of these parts of biomass can negatively affect the nutrient balance of forest stands on nutrient-poor sites. Stumps with coarse and fine roots also represent a significant pool of nutrients which is left on the studied sites.

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