Melatonin reverses the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in obese rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália A. Gonzaga ◽  
Wanessa M. C. Awata ◽  
Sabrina P. Ficher ◽  
Victor O. Assis ◽  
Juliano V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Rats

Hydrogen-sulfide-mediated vasodilatory effect of nucleoside 5′-monophosphorothioates in perivascular adipose tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bełtowski ◽  
Andrzej Guranowski ◽  
Anna Jamroz-Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Wolski ◽  
Krzysztof Hałas
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vasodilatory Effect ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Isolated Rat

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is synthesized in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and induces vasorelaxation. We examined whether the sulfur-containing AMP and GMP analogs AMPS and GMPS can serve as the H2S donors in PVAT. H2S production by isolated rat periaortic adipose tissue (PAT) was measured with a polarographic sensor. In addition, phenylephrine-induced contractility of aortic rings with (+) or without (−) PAT was examined. Isolated PAT produced H2S from AMPS or GMPS in the presence of the P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP. Phenylephrine-induced contractility of PAT(+) rings was lower than of PAT(−) rings. AMPS or GMPS had no effect on the contractility of PAT(−) rings, but used together with BzATP reduced the contractility of PAT(+) rings when endogenous H2S production was inhibited with propargylglycine. A high-fat diet reduced endogenous H2S production by PAT. Interestingly, AMPS and GMPS were converted to H2S by PAT of obese rats, and reduced contractility of PAT(+) aortic rings isolated from these animals even in the absence of BzATP. We conclude that (i) AMPS and GMPS can be hydrolyzed to H2S by PAT when P2X7 receptors are activated, (ii) a high-fat diet impairs endogenous H2S production by PAT, (iii) AMPS and GMPS restore the anticontractile effects of PAT in obese animals without P2X7 stimulation.

scholarly journals Exercise training restores eNOS activation in the perivascular adipose tissue of obese rats: Impact on vascular function

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Meziat ◽  
Doria Boulghobra ◽  
Eva Strock ◽  
Sylvain Battault ◽  
Isabelle Bornard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals 202 AMPK Activation Partially Restores the Anti-Contractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Female Offspring of Obese Rats

Heart ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (Suppl 6) ◽  
pp. A135.2-A135
Author(s):  
Karolina Zaborska ◽  
Gillian Edwards ◽  
Clare Austin ◽  
Mark Wareing
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Obese Rats

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on the Metabolic Profile and on the Expression of Renin-Angiotensin System in Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaisa Soares Crespo ◽  
Joao Marcus Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Alanna Fernandes Paraiso ◽  
Deborah de Farias Lelis ◽  
Pablo Vinicyus Ferreira Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie N Saxton ◽  
Lauren K Toms ◽  
Robert G Aldous ◽  
Sarah B Withers ◽  
Jacqueline Ohanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter 3

AbstractPurposePerivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect which is vital in regulating vascular tone. This effect is mediated via sympathetic nervous stimulation of PVAT by a mechanism which involves noradrenaline uptake through organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and β3-adrenoceptor-mediated adiponectin release. In obesity, autonomic dysfunction occurs, which may result in a loss of PVAT function and subsequent vascular disease. Accordingly, we have investigated abnormalities in obese PVAT, and the potential for exercise in restoring function.MethodsVascular contractility to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed ex vivo in the presence of pharmacological tools in ±PVAT vessels from obese and exercised obese mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of β3-adrenoceptors, OCT3 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in PVAT.ResultsHigh fat feeding induced hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, which was reversed using exercise, independent of weight loss. Obesity induced a loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect, which could not be restored via β3-adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, adiponectin no longer exerts vasodilation. Additionally, exercise reversed PVAT dysfunction in obesity by reducing inflammation of PVAT and increasing β3-adrenoceptor and OCT3 expression, which were downregulated in obesity. Furthermore, the vasodilator effects of adiponectin were restored.ConclusionLoss of neutrally mediated PVAT anti-contractile function in obesity will contribute to the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Exercise training will restore function and treat the vascular complications of obesity.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2649
Author(s):  
Alexis N. Orr ◽  
Janice M. Thompson ◽  
Janae M. Lyttle ◽  
Stephanie W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that transglutaminases are active in PVAT. Real time RT-PCR determined that Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and mesenteric resistance vessel (MR) PVATs express TG2 and blood coagulation Factor-XIII (FXIII) mRNA. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that these PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs when in a catalyzing calcium solution. Both TG2 and FXIII were active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT. Finally, experimentally added NE competitively inhibited incorporation of BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes. Further studies to determine the identity of amidated proteins will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to functions of PVAT and, ultimately, blood pressure.

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