Bioprospecting of Saprobe Fungi from the Semi-Arid North-East of Brazil for the Control of Anthracnose on Sorghum

2015 ◽  
Vol 163 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Sousa Resende ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Milagres ◽  
Danielle Rezende ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Aucique-Perez ◽  
Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
Saprobe Fungi ◽  
Semi Arid

Interaction between groundwater and seawater in the coastal aquifer of Cap-Bon in the semi-arid systems (north-east of Tunisia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Zghibi ◽  
Amira Merzougui ◽  
Lahcen Zouhri ◽  
Jamila Tarhouni
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
North East ◽  
Semi Arid

Effect of drying and urea treatments on tannins levels in browses from North-East Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
E. F. Nozella ◽  
S. L. S. Cabral Filho ◽  
I. C. S. Bueno ◽  
P. B. Godoy ◽  
C. Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
North East ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Phenolics Compounds

Some herbaceous browses have shown a dry tolerance and had been used as animal feed. However, some of those plants have anti nutritional compounds such as tannins that can interfere on intake and digestibility. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds originated from the secondary metabolism of the plant as protection against insects, birds and as a result of drought, temperature or soil fertility. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the level and variation of tannins in important browses from the semi-arid of Brazil and to investigate the effects of different treatments (oven-, shade- and sun-drying and treatment with urea) on phenolics compounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quality of Waters Formed in the River Cheremiskhevi Bed for the Purposes of Drinking and Domestic Water Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
Giorgi Omsarashvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Quality Of Waters ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Domestic Water Supply ◽  
Semi Arid

Increase in quantity of population, development of industry and agriculture has created a systemic growth of demand on water. Despite the fact that Georgia is rich in natural water resources having high quality drinking properties, in many regions and, especially, in semi-arid and humid zones, the problem of supplying the population with clean drinking water is quite acute. The article is about the issue of utilizing the waters formed in the River Cheremiskhevi bed for prospectively supplying with water the villages (Village Velistsikhe, Village Zegaani, Village Mukuzaani) in Gurjaani municipality situated on the North-East slope of Tsiv-Gombori Ridge. With this purpose, in 2013-2020, the chemical and sanitarymicrobiological characteristics of the filtrate waters in alluvial-proluvial sediments and surface (river) runoff of the River Cheremiskhevi were studied in field and stationary conditions.

scholarly journals Livestock in rural piedmont regions of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Khalila Bengouga ◽  
L LahmadiSalwa ◽  
Reguia Zeguerou ◽  
Moufida Maaoui ◽  
Youcef Halis
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
North East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Breeding Mode ◽  
Semi Arid

A livestock survey conducted during 2013/2015 as part of a CRSTRA project in 4 villages situated at North east Biskra and south Batna in Algeria. These regions are located at elevation ranging around 250-831m asl, experiencing arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Respondents of 86 families demonstrated that livestock is an integral part of the region?s mixed farming systems. Low livestock numbers per most households at present reflect the self-consumption breeding mode adapted in these regions. Currently, farmers focus on four main livestock types; goat, sheep, chicken and bee keeping in two regions, it is the case of Beni Souik and Branis , while Maafa includes beyond these types, turkey and pigeon whereas Ain Zaatout includes duck and swine beside the previous livestock types. In the same context; goat ranked first in the four regions, goat and sheep secondly then goat and poultry with goat combined to sheep and poultry in third place. Thus; most families use a combination of grazing, agriculture sub-products and industrial products for the nutrition of their livestock. Families keep livestock as source of milk, butter, wool or hair, leather and other products that are strongly used as nutritional, weaving supply or stocking covering resources for the family members or friends and in some cases for sell to seekers of animal products of indigenous territory origins. Most families use these products for family and friend consumption while a minority sell some of them on local markets.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms of Plasmodium Falciparum Isolates From Melka-werer, North East Ethiopia Based on the Merozoite Surface Protein-2 (msp-2) Gene as a Molecular Marker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohammed Ali ◽  
Ashenafi Assefa ◽  
Melkie Chernet ◽  
Yonas Wulataw ◽  
Robert J Commons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Allelic Family ◽  
North East ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Background: The characterization of parasite populations circulating in malaria endemic areas is necessary to evaluate the success of ongoing interventions and malaria control strategies. This study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the semi-arid area in North East Ethiopia, using the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein-2 (msp2) gene as a molecular marker. Methods: Dried blood spot isolates were collected from patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection between September 2014 and January 2015 from Melka-Werer, North East Ethiopia. Parasite DNA was extracted and genotyped using allele-specific nested polymerase chain reactions for msp2. Results: 52 isolates were collected with msp2 identified in 41 (78.8%) isolates. Allele typing of the msp2 gene detected the 3D7/IC allelic family in 54% and FC27 allelic family in 46%. A total of 14 different msp2 genotypes were detected including 6 belonging to the 3D7/IC family and 8 to the FC27 family. Forty percent of isolates had multiple genotypes and the overall mean multiplicity of infections (MOI) was 1.2 (95%CI 0.96-1.42). The heterozygosity index was 0.50 for the msp2 locus. There was no difference in MOI between age groups. A negative correlation between parasite density and multiplicity of infection was found (p = 0.02).Conclusion: P. falciparum isolates from the semi-arid area of North East Ethiopia are mainly monoclonal with low MOI and limited genetic diversity in the study population.

Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Barker
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Far East ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Semi Arid

This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.

Evaluation of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger for the North-East of Iran with Semi-Arid Climate

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard ◽  
Adel Gholami ◽  
Mehdi Khojastehpour
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Semi Arid

Predominance of Burkholderia cenocepacia lineages causing onion sour skin in the semi‐arid region of north‐east Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana D. B. Baia ◽  
Adriano M. F. Silva ◽  
Bárbara G. Ribeiro ◽  
Claudeana C. Souza ◽  
Wilson J. Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
North East ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Sour Skin ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Biological control of bacterial spot of tomato by saprobe fungi from semi-arid areas of northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Casaroto Peitl ◽  
Felipe Andre Araujo ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Saprobe Fungi ◽  
Semi Arid

Bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a common disease in tomato fields that causes significant economic losses. Due to the difficulty with control of bacterial spot by conventional methods, new techniques such as biological control and induction of resistance are gaining prominence. This study aimed to select saprobe fungi from semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast for the biological control of bacterial spot of tomato. To select the best isolates to control bacterial spot, a greenhouse experiment was initially conducted. Tomato plants (‘Santa Cruz Kada’) were treated with filtrates of 25 saprobe fungi and inoculated three days later with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. Filtrates of Memnoniella levispora, Periconia hispidula, Zygosporium echinosporum, and Chloridium virescens var. virescens were selected as the most effective. Filtrates and volatile compounds from these four isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity in cultures of X. euvesicatoria and in tomato plants (‘Santa Cruz Kada’) inoculated with X. euvesicatoria. In vitro, the addition of nonvolatile fungal metabolites into the culture medium at 5% and 50% (v/v) inhibited bacterial growth by 28.9% and 53.8%, respectively. The volatile compounds produced by C. virescens var. virescens reduced the number of colony-forming units of X. euvesicatoria by 25.9%. In vivo, all treatments reduced from 62.4 to 71.3% the area under bacterial spot progress curve, showing the same control efficacy as the commercial resistance inducer used as a positive control (acibenzolar-S-methyl). Systemicity of the fungal filtrates was confirmed in a separate experiment, where application of the treatments exclusively to the third leaf decreased the severity of the disease on the fourth leaf (except for C. virescens var. virescens). These results show that M. levispora, P. hispidula, Z. echinosporum, and C. virescens var. virescens are potential biocontrol agents against bacterial spot of tomato. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the disease control mechanisms of saprobe fungi.

scholarly journals Seed Dispersal by Ants in the Semi-arid Caatinga of North-east Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inara R. Leal ◽  
Rainer Wirth ◽  
Marcelo Tabarelli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
North East ◽  
Semi Arid
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