The Bad Mother: Stigma, Abortion and Surrogacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Procreative Liberty ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

Surrogacy and abortion represent two facets of procreative liberty, the right to reproduce and the right to avoid reproducing. Research on stigma associated with abortion and surrogacy illuminates how these very different experiences carry similar stigmatic harm. Why do certain decisions about reproduction engender social support, other decisions social disapproval? Restrictions on surrogacy and abortion derive from a common legal paradigm — state regulation on the pregnant body — that is rooted in traditional gender roles. Not all laws restricting abortion and surrogacy evince gender stereotyping. Abortion and surrogacy pose complex moral and social dilemmas. But research of stigma associated with abortion and surrogacy suggests that gender stereotypes play a role in the creation of stigma.

Legal Change and Stigma in Surrogacy and Abortion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
John A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Procreative Liberty ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Good Mother

The role of stigma in limiting reproductive rights has long hovered in the air. Paula Abrams has sorted through the concept and shown how it operates in two major areas of procreative liberty — having a child through surrogacy and avoiding childbirth by abortion. Her paper is especially useful for showing how legal change initially dilutes stigma but may reinstall it with post-legalization regulation.Abrams argues that both abortion and surrogacy are stigmatized because they deviate from traditional gender roles and social expectations about pregnancy and maternity. Past restrictions have rested on a common legal and cultural paradigm of the good mother: a woman who conceives, carries her child to term, and then rears the child. Indeed, as she later argues, evidence of stigma surrounding a practice is “relevant to determining whether laws regulating abortion or surrogacy are based on impermissible stereotyping.”

scholarly journals Students’ Gender-Related Choices and Achievement in Physics

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Ivana Jugović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Educational Domain

The goal of the research was to explore the role of motivation, gender roles and stereotypes in the explanation of students’ educational outcomes in a stereotypically male educational domain: physics. Eccles and colleagues’ expectancy-value model was used as a theoretical framework for the research. The research sample included 736 grammar school students from Zagreb, Croatia. The variables explored were expectancy of success, selfconcept of ability and subjective task values of physics, gender roles and stereotypes, and educational outcomes: academic achievement in physics, intention to choose physics at the high school leaving exam, and intention to choose a technical sciences university course. The results showed that girls had a lower self-concept of ability and lower expectancies of success in physics compared to boys, in spite of their  higher physics school grades. Hierarchical regression analyses showedthat self-concept of physics ability was the strongest predictor of physics school grades, whereas the utility value of physics was the key predictor of educational intentions for both genders. Expectancy of success was one of the key predictors of girls’ educational intentions, as well. Endorsement of a typically masculine gender role predicted girls’ and boys’ stronger intentions to choose a stereotypically male educational domain, whereas acceptance of the stereotype about the poorer talent of women in technical sciences occupations predicted girls’ lower educational outcomes related to physics. The practical implication of the research is the need to create gender-sensitive intervention programmes aimed at deconstructing the gender stereotypes and traditional gender roles that restrain students from choosing gender-non-stereotypical careers.

scholarly journals GE Big Boys Appliances: Towards a Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the SNL Fake Commercial

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Karina Clemente-Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Multimodal Discourse Analysis ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Saturday Night Live

Nowadays, comedy shows like Saturday Night Live (SNL) have become popular and entertain many people around the world. For this study, a fake commercial for GE Big Boys Appliances, aired on YouTube in 2018 is analyzed to explore how discourse is used to represent gender roles and stereotypes. To conduct this multimodal discourse analysis, some elements of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) proposed by Halliday (1978), some notions of critical discourse analysis, and some features of the Machin’s (2010) visual semiotic framework are employed. The findings portray that the sketch shows a change concerning gender roles through time, but it still promotes the transmission of some classical gender stereotypes. Therefore, it is valuable to study comedy sketches to understand how traditional gender roles and stereotypes are still transmitted in social media.

The Effect of Priming Gender Roles on Women’s Implicit Gender Beliefs and Career Aspirations

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie A. Rudman ◽  
Julie E. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Leadership ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Male Nurse ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Female Nurse ◽  
Successful Women

We investigated the effect of priming gender roles on women’s implicit gender stereotypes, implicit leadership self-concept, and interest in masculine and feminine careers. Women primed with traditional gender roles (e.g., a male surgeon and a female nurse) showed increased automatic gender stereotypes relative to controls; this effect mediated their reduced interest in masculine occupations. By contrast, exposure to nontraditional roles (e.g., a female surgeon and a male nurse) decreased women’s leadership self-concept and lowered their interest in masculine occupations, suggesting that female vanguards (i.e., successful women in male-dominated careers) can provoke upward comparison threat, rather than inspire self-empowerment. Thus, priming either traditional or nontraditional gender roles can threaten progress toward gender equality, albeit through different mechanisms (stereotypes or self-concept, respectively).

scholarly journals Transgresión y humanización en Electra-Babel de Lourdes Ortiz = Transgression and humanization in Electra-Babel of Lourdes Ortiz

2018 ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Gracia Terol Plá
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Lourdes Ortiz ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Creation

<p>El trabajo estudia <em>Electra-Babel</em> de Lourdes Ortiz, recreación trágica de la historia de los Atridas, centrándose en los procesos de desmitificación y actualización del mito que dan lugar a la reelaboración de personajes clásicos, la creación de figuras transgresoras y el cuestionamiento de los tradicionales roles de género. Asimismo, se valora la combinación del plano trágico y el contemporáneo presente en la obra como reflejo de nuestra relación con los mitos.</p><p>The work studies Electra-Babel of Lourdes Ortiz, a tragic recreation of the Atridae´s myth focusing<br />on the demystification and actualization processes. We analyse how these processes led to the rework of classical characters, the creation of transgressor figures and the questioning of traditional gender roles. In addition, we consider the combination of the contemporary and tragic level in this version as a reflection of our relation with the myths.<br /><br /></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Look at her: Analysing the depiction of women on the covers of women's magazines from 1975-2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sophie Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Rape Culture ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Objectification Of Women

<p>Women’s magazines have a role in constructing and defining what it means to be a woman. Deciphering messages in mediums specifically designed for women is therefore key to understanding what women may be learning about femininity. This thesis examines the depiction of women in women’s magazines, focussing on sexualisation and the portrayal of traditional gender roles. Traditional gender stereotypes and the sexual objectification of women are key mechanisms contributing to the subordinate position of women in society. This thesis argues that alongside their contributions to gender inequality, such depictions can also reinforce ideas that sustain rape culture with the latter referring to a climate where sexual violence is normalised and trivialised. By conducting a longitudinal content analysis (1975 –2015) of cover pages from New Zealand women’s magazines, this thesis investigates whether there are any changes in the level of sexualisation and depiction of traditional gender roles across prominent women’s magazines. The findings of this thesis indicate that overall there is a low level of sexualisation present in cover page images from women’s magazines, and significant differences exist both between publications as well as across the four decades of analysis. The depiction of traditional gender roles is consistent across the time period studied, and when such gender stereotypes are present they remove agency from women reducing them to ‘decorative’ objects within images. Messages suggesting women should be sexualised and decorative may reinforce ideas central to gender inequality, rape culture, and sexual violence against women. The implications of this thesis suggest that women’s magazines may not be a safe space for readers to celebrate their gender – rather, such publications may influence ideas that facilitate gender inequality.</p>

scholarly journals The Play of Gender Roles in Sheeba Shah’s Facing My Phantoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Asmita Bista
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Maoist Movement ◽  
Human Attributes

Setting the novel in different time-periods (Rana regime, Panchayat System and Maoist movement), Sheeba Shah’s Facing my Phantoms has depicted the condition of Nepali males and is considered a historical document. This article aims to examine the factors that constrain the male characters to traditional and anti-traditional gender roles. It also studies the consequences faced by the characters while performing and defying gender stereotypes. To address this objective, Butler’s and Connell’s ideas have been used as they have claimed that masculinity and femininity like any other human attributes are fluid; in fact, it is constantly reconstructed in response to socio-political changes under the pressure of social norms. According to Butler, gender is something that is not a corporeal thing, but it is reproducing, changing, and moving. The significance of this article is to find insights in understanding the condition of males in the Nepali society. It concludes that the male characters of Shah’s novel oscillate between traditional and anti-traditional gender roles. Under the social pressure, they perform the roles of an assertive and authoritative father, aggressive and ruthless lover/husband, and rational and responsible son. Likewise, when they get influenced by socio-political changes, they fail to stick to stereotypical gender roles. Consequently, they appear in the emotional, docile, dependent, confused, and unassertive roles.

scholarly journals Can a Pandemic Make People More Socially Conservative? Political Ideology, Gender Roles, and the Case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Rosenfeld ◽  
A. Janet Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

The first months of 2020 rapidly threw people into a period of societal turmoil and pathogen threat with the COVID-19 pandemic. By promoting epistemic and existential motivational processes and activating people’s behavioral immune systems, this pandemic may have changed social and political attitudes. The current research specifically asked the following question: As COVID-19 became pronounced in the United States during the pandemic’s emergence, did people living there become more socially conservative? We present a repeated-measures study (N = 695) that assessed political ideology, gender role conformity, and gender stereotypes among U.S. adults before (January 25-26, 2020) versus during (March 19-April 2, 2020) the pandemic. During the pandemic, participants reported conforming more strongly to traditional gender roles and believing more strongly in traditional gender stereotypes than they did before the pandemic. Political ideology remained constant over time. These findings suggest that a pandemic may promote preference for traditional gender roles.

scholarly journals Hegemony, Gender Stereotypes and Disney: A Content Analysis of Frozen and Snow White

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Arnold ◽  
McKenna Seidl ◽  
Ariel Deloney
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Snow White ◽  
Chi Square Test

A content analysis was conducted and focused on the gender roles, gender expectations, and social norms in Disney films. The researchers studied one past Disney film, Snow White and compared it with the most recent Disney film, Frozen to draw distinctions and similarities between them. Through a chi square test of association comparing specific Disney roles of both men and women, minimum differences have been shown between past and recent films. Disney has made changes in their films by removing some overt gender stereotypes from the films; however, they continue to use many of these stereotypical gender expectations. The data suggests that hegemonic principles can be applied to the most recent Disney film Frozen. Disney has hidden traditional gender norms under the guise of being progressive while still utilizing the successful Disney formula of traditional gender roles and expectations.

scholarly journals Reversing Implicit Gender Stereotype Activation as a Function of Exposure to Traditional Gender Roles

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Russell Spears ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Miguel Moya ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Stereotype Activation ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Word Categorization ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Motivational Influence ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Traditional Roles

We examined the influence of exposure to traditional gender roles on the activation of gender stereotypes in Spanish women. An associative procedure was used to expose participants to stereotypical vs. counterstereotypical gender roles, and a word categorization task with stereotypically feminine communal/warmth and stereotypically masculine agentic/competence trait words measured participants’ automatic responses. Results show that women exposed to traditional roles reverse the activation of gender stereotypes. That is, they activated competence/agency faster for female primes and warmth/communion faster for male primes in a subsequent task. The implicit stereotype reversal was predicted by participants’ endorsement of positive attitudes toward affirmative action policies. The results are discussed in terms of the motivational influence of perceived discrimination in intergroup relations.

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