Intersected functional zone of transcriptional regulators patterns stemness within stem cell niche of root apical meristem

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhi Xu ◽  
Xu Gu ◽  
Nengsong Liang ◽  
Xinxin Bian ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Functional Zone ◽  
Cell Niche

Root stem cell niche maintenance and apical meristem activity critically depend on THREONINE SYNTHASE1

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (15) ◽  
pp. 3835-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Jazmín Reyes-Hernández ◽  
Svetlana Shishkova ◽  
Rachel Amir ◽  
Aranza Xhaly Quintana-Armas ◽  
Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cell Niche

AbstractIndeterminate root growth depends on the stem cell niche (SCN) and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance whose regulation permits plasticity in root system formation. Using a forward genetics approach, we isolated the moots koom1 (‘short root’ in Mayan) mutant that shows complete primary RAM exhaustion and abolished SCN activity. We identified that this phenotype is caused by a point mutation in the METHIONINE OVERACCUMULATOR2 (MTO2) gene that encodes THREONINE SYNTHASE1 and renamed the mutant as mto2-2. The amino acid profile showed drastic changes, most notorious of which was accumulation of methionine. In non-allelic mto1-1 (Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamma-synthetase1) and mto3-1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) mutants, both with an increased methionine level, the RAM size was similar to that of the wild type, suggesting that methionine overaccumulation itself did not cause RAM exhaustion in mto2 mutants. When mto2-2 RAM is not yet completely exhausted, exogenous threonine induced de novo SCN establishment and root growth recovery. The threonine-dependent RAM re-establishment in mto2-2 suggests that threonine is a limiting factor for RAM maintenance. In the root, MTO2 was predominantly expressed in the RAM. The essential role of threonine in mouse embryonic stem cells and in RAM maintenance suggests that common regulatory mechanisms may operate in plant and animal SCN maintenance.

The quiescent centre of the root apical meristem: Conceptual developments from Clowes to modern times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G Dubrovsky ◽  
Victor B Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Quiescent Centre ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In this work we discuss the concepts of the quiescent centre (QC) of the root apical meristem (RAM) and their change over time, from their formulation by F.A.L. Clowes to the present. This review is dedicated to the 100 th anniversary of the birth of Clowes, and we present his short biography and full bibliography of Clowes’ work. Over time, the concept of the QC proved to be useful for the understanding of RAM organization and behaviour. We focus specifically on conceptual developments, from the organization of the QC to understanding its functions in RAM maintenance and activity, ranging from a model species, Arabidopsis thaliana, to crops. Concepts of initial cells, stem cells, and heterogeneity of the QC cells in context of functional and structural stem cells are considered. We review the role of the QC in the context of cell flux in the RAM and the nature of quiescence of the QC cells. We discuss the origin of the QC and fluctuation of its size in ontogenesis and why the QC cells are more resistant to stress. Contemporary concepts of organizer and stem cell niche are also considered. We also propose how the stem cell niche in the RAM can be defined in roots of a non-model species.

scholarly journals Model of structuring the stem cell niche in shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 452 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Penenko ◽  
E. D. Mjolsness ◽  
B. E. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Control of stem-cell niche establishment in Arabidopsis flowers by REVOLUTA and the LEAFY-RAX1 module

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denay Grégoire ◽  
Tichtinsky Gabrielle ◽  
Le Masson Marie ◽  
Chahtane Hicham ◽  
Huguet Sylvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

AbstractPlants retain the ability to produce organs throughout their life by maintaining active stem cell niches called meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for the growth of aerial plant structures. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM initially produces leaves during the vegetative phase and later flowers during reproductive development. In the early stages of floral initiation, a group of cells first emerges from the SAM to form a stereotypically organized meristematic structure on its flank. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of this specific meristematic organization remain elusive. We show here that the transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and REVOLUTA (REV) control two partially redundant pathways controlling meristematic organization in early flower primordia. We found that LFY acts through the transcription factor REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM1 (RAX1) and we provide mechanistic insights in how RAX1 allows meristem identity establishment in young flowers. Our work provides a molecular link between the processes of meristem formation and floral identity acquisition in the nascent flower.

scholarly journals Gene expression map of the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem stem cell niche

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941-4946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Yadav ◽  
T. Girke ◽  
S. Pasala ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
G. V. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Development and cell cycle dynamics of the root apical meristem in the fern Ceratopteris richardii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Aragón-Raygoza ◽  
Alejandra Vasco ◽  
Ikram Blilou ◽  
Luis Herrera-Estrella ◽  
Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ceratopteris Richardii ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Cell Niche

AbstractFerns are a representative clade in plant evolution although underestimated in the genomic era. Ceratopteris richardii is an emergent model for developmental processes in ferns, yet a complete scheme of the different growth stages is necessary. Here, we present a developmental analysis, at the tissue and cellular levels, of the first shoot-borne root of Ceratopteris. We followed early stages and emergence of the root meristem in sporelings. While assessing root growth, the first shoot-borne root ceases its elongation between the emergence of the fifth and sixth roots, suggesting Ceratopteris roots follow a determinate developmental program. We report cell division frequencies in the stem cell niche after detecting labeled nuclei in the root apical cell (RAC) and derivatives after 8 hours of exposure. These results demonstrate the RAC has a continuous mitotic activity during root development. Detection of cell cycle activity in the RAC at early times suggests this cell acts as a non-quiescent organizing center. Overall, our results provide a framework to study root function and development in ferns and to better understand the evolutionary history of this organ.Summary StatementIn the Ceratopteris root, the apical cell and its derivatives have a high division frequency, suggesting the apical cell acts as a non-quiescent organizing center in the stem cell niche.

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