scholarly journals Control of stem-cell niche establishment in Arabidopsis flowers by REVOLUTA and the LEAFY-RAX1 module

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denay Grégoire ◽  
Tichtinsky Gabrielle ◽  
Le Masson Marie ◽  
Chahtane Hicham ◽  
Huguet Sylvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

AbstractPlants retain the ability to produce organs throughout their life by maintaining active stem cell niches called meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for the growth of aerial plant structures. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM initially produces leaves during the vegetative phase and later flowers during reproductive development. In the early stages of floral initiation, a group of cells first emerges from the SAM to form a stereotypically organized meristematic structure on its flank. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of this specific meristematic organization remain elusive. We show here that the transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and REVOLUTA (REV) control two partially redundant pathways controlling meristematic organization in early flower primordia. We found that LFY acts through the transcription factor REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM1 (RAX1) and we provide mechanistic insights in how RAX1 allows meristem identity establishment in young flowers. Our work provides a molecular link between the processes of meristem formation and floral identity acquisition in the nascent flower.

scholarly journals An epidermis-driven mechanism positions and scales stem cell niches in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1500989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Gruel ◽  
Benoit Landrein ◽  
Paul Tarr ◽  
Christoph Schuster ◽  
Yassin Refahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Patterning ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Epidermal Cell Layer

How molecular patterning scales to organ size is highly debated in developmental biology. We explore this question for the characteristic gene expression domains of the plant stem cell niche residing in the shoot apical meristem. We show that a combination of signals originating from the epidermal cell layer can correctly pattern the key gene expression domains and notably leads to adaptive scaling of these domains to the size of the tissue. Using live imaging, we experimentally confirm this prediction. The identified mechanism is also sufficient to explain de novo stem cell niches in emerging flowers. Our findings suggest that the deformation of the tissue transposes meristem geometry into an instructive scaling and positional input for the apical plant stem cell niche.

scholarly journals P04.45 Periarteriolar glioblastoma stem cell niches express bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii289-iii289
Author(s):  
V V V Hira ◽  
J R Wormer ◽  
H Kakar ◽  
B Breznik ◽  
B van der Swaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

scholarly journals Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Vitaly Vodyanoy ◽  
Oleg Pustovyy ◽  
Ludmila Globa ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza ◽  
Iryna Sorokulova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Rat Bone

Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified, in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells—extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and that we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.

scholarly journals Model of structuring the stem cell niche in shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 452 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
U. S. Zubairova ◽  
A. V. Penenko ◽  
E. D. Mjolsness ◽  
B. E. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals The creation of sexual dimorphism in Drosophila gonad stem cell niches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Camara ◽  
Cale Whitworth ◽  
Mark Van Doren
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Somatic Gonad ◽  
Niche Formation ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

SUMMARYSex-specific development of the gonads is a key aspect of sexual dimorphism that is regulated by Doublesex/Mab3 Related Transcription Factors (DMRTs) in diverse animals species. We find that in mutants for Drosophila dsx, important components of the male and female gonad stem cell niches (hubs and terminal filaments/cap cells, respectively) still form. Initially, gonads in all dsx mutants (both XX and XY) initiate the male program of development, but later half of these gonads switch to form female stem cell niche structures. One individual can have both male-type and female-type gonad niches, however male and female niches are usually not observed in the same gonad, indicating that cells make a “group decision” about which program to follow. We conclude that dsx does not act in an instructive manner to regulate male vs. female niche formation, as these structures form in the absence of dsx function. Instead, dsx acts to “tip the balance” between the male or female programs, which are then executed independent of dsx. We show that bric a brac acts downstream of dsx to control the male vs. female niche decision. These results indicate that, in both flies and mammals, the sexual fate of the somatic gonad is remarkably plastic and is controlled by a combination of autonomous and non-autonomous cues.

scholarly journals Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Vodyanoy ◽  
Oleg Pustovyy ◽  
Ludmila Globa ◽  
Randy J Kulesza Jr ◽  
Iryna Sorokulova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Rat Bone

Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells, extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and which we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.

scholarly journals Gene expression map of the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem stem cell niche

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941-4946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Yadav ◽  
T. Girke ◽  
S. Pasala ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
G. V. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Space-time dynamics of Stem Cell Niches: a unified approach for Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Maria del Carmen Pérez ◽  
Alejandro López ◽  
Pablo Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

Summary Many complex systems cannot be analyzed using traditional mathematical tools, due to their irreducible nature. This makes it necessary to develop models that can be implemented computationally to simulate their evolution. Examples of these models are cellular automata, evolutionary algorithms, complex networks, agent-based models, symbolic dynamics and dynamical systems techniques.We review some representative approaches to model the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis thaliana and the basic biological mechanisms that underlie its formation and maintenance. We propose a mathematical model based on cellular automata for describing the space-time dynamics of the stem cell niche in the root. By making minimal assumptions on the cell communication process documented in experiments, we classify the basic developmental features of the stem-cell niche, including the basic structural architecture, and suggest that they could be understood as the result of generic mechanisms given by short and long range signals. This could be a first step in understanding why different stem cell niches share similar topologies, not only in plants. Also the fact that this organization is a robust consequence of the way information is being processed by the cells and to some extent independent of the detailed features of the signaling mechanism.

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