New salmonid hosts for Tenacibaculum species: Expansion of tenacibaculosis in Chilean aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Avendaño‐Herrera ◽  
Constanza Collarte ◽  
Mónica Saldarriaga‐Córdoba ◽  
Rute Irgang
Keyword(s):  
Species Expansion

scholarly journals Are Large Carnivores the Real Issue? Solutions for Improving Conflict Management through Stakeholder Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4482
Author(s):  
Valeria Salvatori ◽  
Estelle Balian ◽  
Juan Carlos Blanco ◽  
Xavier Carbonell ◽  
Paolo Ciucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
General Scope

Social conflicts around large carnivores are increasing in Europe, often associated to the species expansion into human-modified and agricultural landscapes. Large carnivores can be seen as an added value by some but as a source of difficulties by others, depending on different values, attitudes, livelihoods, and everyday activities. Therefore, the effective involvement of the different interest groups is important to identify and shape tailored solutions that can potentially be implemented, complementing top-down approaches that might, on their own, result in lack of implementation and buy-in. To improve dialogue in conflictual situations, as part of a European project promoted by the European Parliament, we assessed the practical implementation of participatory processes in three sample areas in Europe where wolves and bears have recently been increasingly impacting human activities. Our results demonstrate that collaboration among different and generally contrasting groups is possible. Even in situations where large-carnivore impacts were seen as unsatisfactorily managed for many years, people were still willing and eager to be involved in alternative discussion processes hoping this would lead to concrete solutions. An important and common highlight among the three study areas was that all the management interventions agreed upon shared the general scope of improving the conditions of the groups most impacted by large carnivores. The process showed the importance of building trust and supporting dialogue for knowledge co-production and mitigation of conflicts between stakeholders and that controversial environmental issues have the potential to trigger a meaningful dialogue about broader societal issues. The direct involvement and support of competent authorities, as well as the upscaling of this process at larger administrative and social scales, remain important challenges.

Pathogenicity of five Verticicladiella species to lodgepole pine

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Bertagnole ◽  
John Y. Woo ◽  
Arthur D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Ray Parenchyma

Pathogenicity of Verticicladiella procera, V. penicillata, V. abietina, V. serpens, and V. antibiotica was tested in live roots of field-grown lodgepole pine. The first four species produced resinous lesions varying in size according to species; expansion rates in root wood matched respective growth rates in culture. In root xylem, V. penicillata grew fastest, V. procera nearly as rapidly, producing lesions of various sizes, and V. abietina and V. serpens, slowest. Verticicladiella antibiotica was saprophytic. Diverse morphological structures, characterizing each species, were found in root wood. No dematiaceous hyphae occurred in roots inoculated with V. procera. However, fine hyaline hyphae, often anastomosing, penetrated axial tracheids and ray parenchyma. Verticicladiella penicillata produced abundant hyaline hyphae and few dematiaceous hyphae. Verticicladiella abietina produced buds on dematiaceous, septate, sporogenous hyphae in axial tracheids and ray parenchyma; hyaline hyphae also penetrated those cells. Verticicladiella serpens produced hyaline and dematiaceous pleomorphic structures from sporogenous hyphae in xylem cells. Results support speciation of five Verticicladiella isolates and demonstrate their pathogenicity to lodgepole pine.

scholarly journals Increasing temporal variance leads to stable species range limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Benning ◽  
Ruth A Hufbauer ◽  
Christopher Weiss-Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Temporal Variance

What prevents populations of a species from adapting to the novel environments outside the species' geographic distribution? Previous models highlighted how gene flow across spatial environmental gradients determines species expansion vs. extinction and the location of species range limits. However, space is only one of two axes of environmental variation — environments also vary in time, and we know temporal environmental variation has important consequences for population demography and evolution. We used an individual based evolutionary model to explore how temporal stochasticity in environmental conditions influences the spread of populations across a spatial environmental gradient. We find that temporal stochasticity greatly alters our predictions for range dynamics compared to temporally static environments. When temporal variance is equal across the landscape, the fate of species (expansion vs. extinction) is determined by the interaction between the degree of temporal autocorrelation in environmental fluctuations and the steepness of the spatial environmental gradient. When the magnitude of temporal variance changes across the landscape, stable range limits form where this variance becomes large enough to prevent local population adaptation and persistence. These results illustrate the pivotal influence of temporal stochasticity on the likelihood of populations colonizing novel habitats and the location of species range limits.

scholarly journals Introgression dynamics from invasive pigs into wild boar following the March 2011 natural and anthropogenic disasters at Fukushima

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210874
Author(s):  
Donovan Anderson ◽  
Yuki Negishi ◽  
Hiroko Ishiniwa ◽  
Kei Okuda ◽  
Thomas G. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Intraspecies Competition

Natural and anthropogenic disasters have the capability to cause sudden extrinsic environmental changes and long-lasting perturbations including invasive species, species expansion and influence evolution as selective pressures force adaption. Such disasters occurred on 11 March 2011, in Fukushima, Japan, when an earthquake, tsunami and meltdown of a nuclear power plant all drastically reformed anthropogenic land use. Using genetic data, we demonstrate how wild boar ( Sus scrofa leucomystax ) have persevered against these environmental changes, including an invasion of escaped domestic pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ). Concurrently, we show evidence of successful hybridization between pigs and native wild boar in this area; however in future offspring, the pig legacy has been diluted through time. We speculate that the range expansion dynamics inhibit long-term introgression and introgressed alleles will continue to decrease at each generation while only maternally inherited organelles will persist. Using the gene flow data among wild boar, we assume that offspring from hybrid lineages will continue dispersal north at low frequencies as climates warm. We conclude that future risks for wild boar in this area include intraspecies competition, revitalization of human-related disruptions and disease outbreaks.

Author response for "Seagrass coastal protection services reduced by invasive species expansion and megaherbivore grazing"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. James ◽  
Marjolijn J.A. Christianen ◽  
Marieke M. van Katwijk ◽  
Jaco C. de Smit ◽  
Elisabeth S. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Species Expansion

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus microplus and its vector-borne haemoparasites in Guinea: further species expansion in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Makenov ◽  
AH Toure ◽  
MG Korneev ◽  
N Sacko ◽  
AM Porshakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractRhipicephalus microplus is an ixodid tick with a pantropical distribution that represents a serious threat to livestock. West Africa was free of this tick until 2007, when its introduction into Benin was reported. Shortly thereafter, the further invasion of this tick into West African countries was demonstrated. In this paper, we describe the first detection of R. microplus in Guinea and list the vector-borne haemoparasites that were detected in the invader and indigenous Boophilus species.In 2018, we conducted a small-scale survey of ticks infesting cattle in three administrative regions of Guinea: N`Zerekore, Faranah, and Kankan. The tick species were identified by examining their morphological characteristics and by sequencing their COI gene and ITS-2 gene fragments. R. microplus was found in each studied region. In the ticks, we found DNA of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia spp. The results of this study indicate that R. microplus was introduced into Guinea with cows from Mali and/or Ivory Coast.

scholarly journals Settlement dynamics of the Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina (Temm.) on the Crimean Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (23) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
A. N. Tsvelykh ◽  
◽  
V. M. Kucherenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Central Crimea ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The expansion of Oenanthe isabellina in Ukraine began at the end of 1950s - early 1960s. The Isabelline Wheatear settled along the coast of the Sea of Azov from east to west and appeared on the Crimean Peninsula later than in the regions located to the west of it. Since the late 1960s, this species has been nesting near the mouth of the Dnipro River which located in the west of the Crimean Peninsula. The nesting of Oenanthe isabellina was found in the northern part of the Crimean Peninsula in 1973. In the mid-1980s, the Isabelline Wheatear inhabited the northwestern coast of Crimea and appeared far in the east - on the Kerch Peninsula. In the southeastern part of the peninsula the range of the Wheatear reached the Black Sea coast by the end of the 1980s, when the species nesting was found near Feodosia. In the southeastern part of Crimea, the Isabelline Wheatear continued to settle along the Black Sea coast in a westerly direction in the 1990s: its nesting was found near Sudak. In the central Crimea, the species range reached the northern foothills of the Crimean Mountains at this time. The species expansion to the south slowed down by the beginning of the 2000s. In the western Crimea, the southernmost settlement of the Isabelline Wheatear was found near Evpatoria. In the northern foothills of the Crimean Mountains (Central Crimea), the range border has not changed. There were no significant changes in the southeastern Crimea during this period - in the 2000s, O. isabellina nested near Sudak as in the 1990s. The species expansion almost stopped in Crimea in the 2010s. The settling of the Isabelline Wheatear in the steppe regions of the southwestern Crimea did not occur, possibly due to the absence of little ground squirrel settlements, whose burrows birds usually use for nesting. The border of the O. isabellina range has moved southward on about 100 km for three decades - from the beginning of the 1970s to the beginning of the 2000s -, i.e. the settlement speed of the species in Crimea was about 3 km per year.

scholarly journals Song Repertoire and Origins of Crimean Population of Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (Sylviidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Grishchenko ◽  
A. N. Tsvelykh ◽  
E. D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Crimean Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Geographically Isolated

Abstract Song repertoire of geographically isolated Chiffchaff population that formed in Crimean mountains in 1990s is analyzed. There are 42 song elements in the Crimean Chiffchaff repertoire. A quarter of their song elements appear to be specific for this population because it is absent in neighboring European Chiffchaff populations from regions to the north (Ph. c. abietinus subspecies) and west (Ph. c. collybita subspecies). Comparison of song elements of Crimean Chiffchaffs with those of Caucasian birds of Ph. c. caucasica subspecies shows that they belong to same vocal population: specific elements in Crimean Chiffchaff songs are found also in songs of Caucasian birds. This is evidence that breeding population of Chiffchaff in Crimea originated from the species expansion from Caucasus, and that Crimean Chiffchaffs belong to Ph. c. caucasica subspecies.

scholarly journals Determining species expansion and extinction possibilities using probabilistic and graphical models

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Rajesh Chaturvedi ◽  
P. Rama Chandra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Probability Of Extinction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Competition For Resources

AbstractSurvival of plant species is governed by a number of functions. The participation of each function in species survival and the impact of the contrary behaviour of the species vary from function to function. The probability of extinction of species varies in all such scenarios and has to be calculated separately. Secondly, species follow different patterns of dispersal and localisation at different stages of occupancy state of the site, therefore, the scenarios of competition for resources with climatic shifts leading to deterioration and loss of biodiversity resulting in extinction needs to be studied. Furthermore, most possible deviations of species from climax community states needs to be calculated before species become extinct due to sudden environmental disruption. Globally, various types of anthropogenic disturbances threaten the diversity of biological systems. The impact of these anthropogenic activities needs to be analysed to identify extinction patterns with respect to these activities. All the analyses mentioned above have been tried to be achieved through probabilistic or graphical models in this study.

scholarly journals Patterns of invasion, biology and ecology of Erechtites hieraciifolia in the northern expansion range in Europe (C and NE Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tomasz Zaniewski ◽  
Dan Wołkowycki ◽  
Andrzej Szczepkowski ◽  
Anna Otręba ◽  
Ewa Zaniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Level Lowering ◽  
Very High

The complexity of invasion process of alien species is very high and requires better understanding. Nowadays, the successful range expansion of Erechtites hieraciifolia is being observed in Poland. In the study, the distribution of the species in Poland was summarized, based on the available literature and new field data. The fieldworks were conducted in the part of the species expansion zone located in central and north-eastern Poland. Two case studies on species encroachment into post-fire and transitional bog communities were performed and a case inventory of the species presence on the border of its main secondary range was conducted. The measurements of height, counting of the number of inflorescences per individual and the number of achenes per flower head were conducted in selected stands. There was performed a checking of local conditions of growth using ecological indicator values for vascular plants. The analyzed specimens of the species had significantly less inflorescences and achenes than in the other parts of the species expansion zone. They grew also in worse light conditions and in less fertile sites. The species colonized most disturbed patches at first. It spread to the less disturbed ones and omitted natural sites. The massive colonization of the transitional bog could be caused by groundwater level lowering. In the area of the edge of the species main range it was found in many diffuse stands within disturbed patches of the landscape. Based on the obtained results the species is considered to create now still only a moderate threat in the analyzed part of the expansion zone. The possibility of its expansion to wetland sites and sudden appearance in Kampinos National Park needs much more attention. Key words: alien invasive species, climate change, American burnweed, expansion, disturbance

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