Pathogenicity of five Verticicladiella species to lodgepole pine

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Bertagnole ◽  
John Y. Woo ◽  
Arthur D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Ray Parenchyma

Pathogenicity of Verticicladiella procera, V. penicillata, V. abietina, V. serpens, and V. antibiotica was tested in live roots of field-grown lodgepole pine. The first four species produced resinous lesions varying in size according to species; expansion rates in root wood matched respective growth rates in culture. In root xylem, V. penicillata grew fastest, V. procera nearly as rapidly, producing lesions of various sizes, and V. abietina and V. serpens, slowest. Verticicladiella antibiotica was saprophytic. Diverse morphological structures, characterizing each species, were found in root wood. No dematiaceous hyphae occurred in roots inoculated with V. procera. However, fine hyaline hyphae, often anastomosing, penetrated axial tracheids and ray parenchyma. Verticicladiella penicillata produced abundant hyaline hyphae and few dematiaceous hyphae. Verticicladiella abietina produced buds on dematiaceous, septate, sporogenous hyphae in axial tracheids and ray parenchyma; hyaline hyphae also penetrated those cells. Verticicladiella serpens produced hyaline and dematiaceous pleomorphic structures from sporogenous hyphae in xylem cells. Results support speciation of five Verticicladiella isolates and demonstrate their pathogenicity to lodgepole pine.

SEASONAL LEADER GROWTH OF LODGEPOLE PINE IN THE SUBALPINE FOREST OF ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Growing Period

The weekly leader growth of lodgepole pine saplings showed similar patterns but different growth rates according to aspect of site. The seasonal growing period consistently started in early May and was 12 weeks long but within this period the distribution of growth differed widely from year to year. A direct relationship existed between weekly growth and corresponding mean weekly temperatures, except toward the end of the growing season.

Effects of stock type and site preparation on growth to crown closure of white spruce and lodgepole pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Thomson ◽  
Robert G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Crown Closure

Growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) seedlings was studied on six installations, each containing different stock types and site-preparation treatments. Stock types included styroplugs from different cavity sizes, bare-root stock, and transplant stock; site preparations included no treatment, scalping, inverting, and mixing. Fertilizer was also used in combination with some of these treatments on some installations. Site-preparation treatments that gave some degree of vegetation control generally led to higher growth rates, but there was considerable variability among and within installations. The slope of the linear relationship of height versus age up to 10 years gave an estimate of early growth which was suitable for comparing treatments, whereas average height increment in a later measurement period gave a better estimate of growth for projection purposes. A normal distribution of growth rates around a mean for a particular stock type and site-preparation method was used in conjunction with height–dbh and crown width–dbh relationships to project growth of trees to crown closure, assuming different densities. The age at crown closure depended on both growth rate and density, and average size at crown closure depended primarily on density.

Age- and size-related response of lodgepole pine to inoculation with Europhium clavigerum

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Attack Trees ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

In 1970, 280 lodgepole pines between 8 and 140 years old, in the east Kootenay region of British Columbia, were inoculated with Europhium clavigerum. The resinous response of the tree to this inoculation was used as a measure of potential resistance to bark beetle attack. Trees between 31 and 50 years old had the greatest frequency of potentially resistant individuals. The following year, 250 trees between 10 and 120 years old were inoculated on June 11, July 5, and July 23, with similar results. The youngest (10–30) and oldest (91–120) trees had a greater decrease in frequency of resistant individuals, as the summer progressed, than the intermediate age classes. Trees rated as potentially resistant from all three inoculations had faster growth rates and thicker phloem than those rated nonresistant.

Incorporation of topsoil and burn-pile debris substantially increases early growth of lodgepole pine on landings

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce Campbell ◽  
Chuck E. Bulmer ◽  
Melanie D. Jones ◽  
Leanne J. Philip ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization

Rehabilitation of skid trails, temporary roads, and log landings is required for many harvested sites in British Columbia; however, more information is needed regarding practical methods to return these access areas to productive forest. Lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings (1 + 0) were planted into (i) fully rehabilitated landings (burn-pile debris and topsoil incorporated), (ii) tilled landings, and (iii) unprepared portions of the adjacent cutblock. After two seasons of growth in the field, seedlings planted on fully rehabilitated landings were 38% larger, more robust, and exhibited 44% greater absolute growth and 22% greater relative growth rates, than seedlings planted in the adjacent cutblock. Seedlings planted on tilled landings were 33% smaller, and exhibited absolute growth rates 38% less, and relative growth rates 18% less, than seedlings planted in the adjacent cutblock. Seedlings planted in the cutblock exhibited higher ectomycorrhizal colonization rates. Our results indicate that tillage alone was not sufficient to fully rehabilitate these landings, but that incorporation of recovered topsoil and burn-pile debris produced an excellent growth substrate. This method, using materials found on site, can prevent a significant loss of land regenerating to productive second-growth forest.

Multiple resource limitation and ontogeny combined: a growth rate comparison of three co-occurring conifers

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica B. Lilles ◽  
Rasmus Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Sapling Growth

The combined effects of light, soil fertility, and ontogenetic changes on plant growth rates are poorly understood, yet these three factors play fundamental roles in structuring plant communities. We sought to determine how lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia), interior spruce (Picea glauca × engelmanii (Moench) Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) sapling growth responds to the combination of light, soil fertility, and ontogeny and how these three dominant conifer species in sub-boreal forests of British Columbia differ in their responses. Using maximum likelihood methods, we found that 0.20–4 m tall sapling growth rates changed during ontogeny and were limited by both light and soil resources. The strongest differences among species’ growth rates were due to tree size, with smaller differences due to soil fertility, and there were no differences among species in the shape of their growth responses to light. Rank order in growth rates for small saplings (pine > spruce > fir) inversely corresponded to classic shade-tolerance ratings, thus supporting the carbon balance theory. Interior spruce height growth rates increased relative to lodgepole pine with increasing soil fertility, clearly matching the landscape-scale increase in canopy dominance of interior spruce over lodgepole pine with increasing soil fertility.

Xylem in galls of lodgepole pine caused by western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Zalasky
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Ray Parenchyma

Xylem in galls of lodgepole pine (P. contorta var. latifolia) caused by Endocronartium harknessii consists of unusually short, hyperplastic and hypoplastic aggregates of tracheids. The member pairs have random branching, shapes, and sizes. Some pairs and individual members or portions of them are atrophied in the early stage of differentiation. Others appear as strand tracheids. Ray crossings and coiled and reticulate patterns of aggregation in tracheids indicate that ray parenchyma fill multidirectional spaces and fan out spirally from a central point in the wood. The expanded rays consisting of isodiametric and cylindric ray parenchyma, and ray tracheids are connected to randomly spaced pit members at ray crossings that feature variable shapes and sizes of pit canals and chambers. The structure of the galls has many features in common with frost burls and frost ribs, i.e. chimeral nature, nodulations, abundance of rays, and hyperplastic and hypoplastic tissues.

Height growth rates of young white spruce and lodgepole pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Thomson ◽  
Robert G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Measurement Period ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Growth of different stock types of white spruce and lodgepole pine were compared on untreated sites and sites treated by scalping, where the surface soil and vegetation had been removed by bulldozing; mixing, where the vegetation had been incorporated into the underlying soil; and clipping, where the vegetation was clipped. Height increments varied with measurement period but had a pronounced peak around age 9. The slope of the linear regression of height versus age up to 10 years gave estimates of average annual growth rates which were used to compare stock type and treatment effects. The growth rate of a tree of a particular size at the time of the first measurement after outplanting could not be predicted with confidence. However, the pattern of growth rates in a stock type of a species subjected to a particular site treatment exhibited characteristics that could be used to differentiate species, stock, and site-treatment effects. In white spruce, there was a tendency for growth rate to be related to size at first measurement, though with high variability around the trend. In lodgepole pine, growth rate was independent of tree size at first measurement, and showed less variability.

Growth Rates after Fertilizing Lodgepole Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
P. H. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Indirect Response ◽  
Tree Nutrition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Heavy Application

Abstract Heavy application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to thinned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) produced responses in volume increment directly related to increased tree nutrition that lasted no more than 8 years. An indirect response in volume increment, resulting from increased levels of stocking after fertilization, continued for a longer period. Resulting increases in yields probably cannot economically justify operational fertilizing in similar stands. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):18-20, January 1989.

Effects of forest roads on the growth of adjacent lodgepole pine trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bowering ◽  
Valerie LeMay ◽  
Peter Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Height ◽  
The Road ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wide Road ◽  
Stand Basal Area

The effects of roads on growth of adjacent lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees were studied in an area near Williams Lake, British Columbia. Plots were established in a range of stand ages, site qualities, stand densities (stems/ha), stand basal areas (m2/ha), edge aspects, and adjacent road widths. Plots were divided into five zones beginning at the road edge: 0–5 m (zone 1), 5–10 m, 10–20 m, 20–30 m, and 30–40 m (zone 5) from the edge. When the 5 years prior to road establishment were used to scale growth rates, relative tree basal growth rates for zone 1 differed significantly from those for the other zones, with zone 1 rates being 32.1% higher, on average, for 3 to 15 years after the road opening was established. Fewer dead standing trees were found nearest the road edge. Tree bole shapes at breast height were not significantly different among zones, and no significant increases in average basal area per tree or in average height were found. On average, zone 1 had a 31.3% greater stand basal area than zone 5. For a 23.4 m wide road, the increased stand basal area translates to 3.13 m (2 × 31.3% × 5 m for zone 1), or 13.4% recovery of timber losses, if both sides of the road were similarly impacted. This estimate can be improved by using stand basal area to reduce variability.

Reduced growth rates of hair in mice following radiation

1966 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Malkinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document