Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mesas ◽  
Angélica Jaramillo ◽  
Luis E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Performance Curves

scholarly journals Correlated evolution between heat tolerance and thermal performance curves in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mesas ◽  
Angélica Jaramillo ◽  
Luis E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Evolutionary Response

AbstractGlobal warming imposes important challenges for ectotherm organisms, which can avoid the negative effects of thermal stress via evolutionary adaptation of their upper thermal limits (CTmax). In this sense, the estimation of CTmax and its evolutionary capacity is crucial to determine the vulnerability of natural populations to climate change. However, these estimates depend on the thermal stress intensity and it is not completely clear whether this thermal stress intensity can impact the evolutionary response of CTmax and thermal reaction norms (i.e. thermal performance curve, TPC). Here we performed an evolutionary experiment by selecting high heat tolerance using acute and chronic thermal stress in Drosophila subobscura. After artificial selection, we found that knockdown temperatures (a CTmax proxy) evolved in selected lines compared to control lines, whereas the realized heritability and evolutionary rate change of heat tolerance did not differ between acute-selected and chronic-selected lines. From TPC analysis, we found acute-selected lines evolved a higher optimal performance temperature (Topt) compared to acute-control lines, whereas this TPC parameter was not different between chronic-selected and chronic-control lines. The evolutionary response of Topt caused a displacement of entire TPC to high temperatures suggesting a shared genetic architecture between heat tolerance and high-temperature performance, which only arose in the acute-selected lines. In conclusion, thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of thermal physiology in ectotherms, indicating that different thermal scenarios conduce to similar evolutionary responses of heat tolerance but do not for thermal performance. Therefore, thermal stress intensity could have important consequences on the estimations of the vulnerability of ectotherms to global warming.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton thermal responses adapt in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios - Georgios Kontopoulos ◽  
Erik van Sebille ◽  
Michael Lange ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher ◽  
Timothy G. Barraclough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Thermal Performance Curve ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor

AbstractTo better predict how populations and communities respond to climatic temperature variation, it is necessary to understand how the shape of the response of fitness-related traits to temperature evolves (the thermal performance curve). Currently, there is disagreement about the extent to which the evolution of thermal performance curves is constrained. One school of thought has argued for the prevalence of thermodynamic constraints through enzyme kinetics, whereas another argues that adaptation can—at least partly—overcome such constraints. To shed further light on this debate, we perform a phylogenetic meta-analysis of the thermal performance curves of growth rate of phytoplankton—a globally important functional group—, controlling for environmental effects (habitat type and thermal regime). We find that thermodynamic constraints have a minor influence on the shape of the curve. In particular, we detect a very weak increase of maximum performance with the temperature at which the curve peaks, suggesting a weak “hotter-is-better” constraint. Also, instead of a constant thermal sensitivity of growth across species, as might be expected from strong constraints, we find that all aspects of the thermal performance curve evolve along the phylogeny. Our results suggest that phytoplankton thermal performance curves adapt to thermal environments largely in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints.

Evolutionary potential of thermal preference and heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Castañeda ◽  
Valèria Romero‐Soriano ◽  
Andrés Mesas ◽  
Derek A. Roff ◽  
Mauro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Evolutionary Potential

scholarly journals Usefulness and limitations of thermal performance curves in predicting ectotherm development under climatic variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1912
Author(s):  
Rassim Khelifa ◽  
Wolf U. Blanckenhorn ◽  
Jeannine Roy ◽  
Patrick T. Rohner ◽  
Hayat Mahdjoub
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Performance Curves

scholarly journals Genetically Distinct Behavioral Modules Underlie Natural Variation in Thermal Performance Curves

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2135-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Stegeman ◽  
Scott E. Baird ◽  
William S. Ryu ◽  
Asher D. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Performance Curves

scholarly journals Thermal performance curves reveal shifts in optima, limits and breadth in early life

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (22) ◽  
pp. jeb233254
Author(s):  
Adriana P. Rebolledo ◽  
Carla M. Sgrò ◽  
Keyne Monro
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Parametric Bootstrapping ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Mixed Modelling

ABSTRACTUnderstanding thermal performance at life stages that limit persistence is necessary to predict responses to climate change, especially for ectotherms whose fitness (survival and reproduction) depends on environmental temperature. Ectotherms often undergo stage-specific changes in size, complexity and duration that are predicted to modify thermal performance. Yet performance is mostly explored for adults, while performance at earlier stages that typically limit persistence remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally isolate thermal performance curves at fertilization, embryo development and larval development stages in an aquatic ectotherm whose early planktonic stages (gametes, embryos and larvae) govern adult abundances and dynamics. Unlike previous studies based on short-term exposures, responses with unclear links to fitness or proxies in lieu of explicit curve descriptors (thermal optima, limits and breadth), we measured performance as successful completion of each stage after exposure throughout, and at temperatures that explicitly capture curve descriptors at all stages. Formal comparisons of descriptors using a combination of generalized linear mixed modelling and parametric bootstrapping reveal important differences among life stages. Thermal performance differs significantly from fertilization to embryo development (with thermal optimum declining by ∼2°C, thermal limits shifting inwards by ∼8–10°C and thermal breadth narrowing by ∼10°C), while performance declines independently of temperature thereafter. Our comparisons show that thermal performance at one life stage can misrepresent performance at others, and point to gains in complexity during embryogenesis, rather than subsequent gains in size or duration of exposure, as a key driver of thermal sensitivity in early life.

scholarly journals Effects of Absorber Emissivity on Thermal Performance of a Solar Cavity Receiver

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabin Fang ◽  
Nan Tu ◽  
Jinjia Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Radiative Heat Loss ◽  
Total Heat Loss ◽  
Convective Heat Loss ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Variation Tendency

Solar cavity receiver is a key component to realize the light-heat conversion in tower-type solar power system. It usually has an aperture for concentrated sunlight coming in, and the heat loss is unavoidable because of this aperture. Generally, in order to improve the thermal efficiency, a layer of coating having high absorptivity for sunlight would be covered on the surface of the absorber tubes inside the cavity receiver. As a result, it is necessary to investigate the effects of the emissivity of absorber tubes on the thermal performance of the receiver. In the present work, the thermal performances of the receiver with different absorber emissivity were numerically simulated. The results showed that the thermal efficiency increases and the total heat loss decreases with increasing emissivity of absorber tubes. However, the thermal efficiency increases by only 1.6% when the emissivity of tubes varies from 0.2 to 0.8. Therefore, the change of absorber emissivity has slight effect on the thermal performance of the receiver. The reason for variation tendency of performance curves was also carefully analyzed. It was found that the temperature reduction of the cavity walls causes the decrease of the radiative heat loss and the convective heat loss.

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