Evolutionary potential of thermal preference and heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Castañeda ◽  
Valèria Romero‐Soriano ◽  
Andrés Mesas ◽  
Derek A. Roff ◽  
Mauro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Evolutionary Potential

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota of Drosophila subobscura Contributes to Its Heat Tolerance and Is Sensitive to Transient Thermal Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Jaramillo ◽  
Luis E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
The Impact

The gut microbiota can contribute to host physiology leading to an increase of resistance to abiotic stress conditions. For instance, temperature has profound effects on ectotherms, and the role of the gut microbiota on the thermal tolerance of ectotherms is a matter of recent research. However, most of these studies have been focused on single static temperatures instead of evaluating thermal tolerance in a wide range of stressful temperatures. Additionally, there is evidence supporting that the gut microbiota is sensitive to environmental temperature, which induces changes in its composition and diversity. These studies have evaluated the effects of thermal acclimation (>2 weeks) on the gut microbiota, but we know little about the impact of transient thermal stress on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Thus, we investigated the role of the gut microbiota on the heat tolerance of Drosophila subobscura by measuring the heat tolerance of conventional and axenic flies exposed to different heat stressful temperatures (35, 36, 37, and 38°C) and estimating the heat tolerance landscape for both microbiota treatments. Conventional flies exposed to mild heat conditions exhibited higher thermal tolerance than axenic flies, whereas at higher stressful temperatures there were no differences between axenic and conventional flies. We also assessed the impact of transient heat stress on the taxonomical abundance, diversity, and community structure of the gut microbiota, comparing non-stressed flies (exposed to 21°C) and heat-stressed flies (exposed to 34°C) from both sexes. Bacterial diversity indices, bacterial abundances, and community structure changed between non-stressed and heat-stressed flies, and this response was sex-dependent. In general, our findings provide evidence that the gut microbiota influences heat tolerance and that heat stress modifies the gut microbiota at the taxonomical and structural levels. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota contributes to heat tolerance and is also highly sensitive to transient heat stress, which could have important consequences on host fitness, population risk extinction, and the vulnerability of ectotherms to current and future climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Correlated evolution between heat tolerance and thermal performance curves in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mesas ◽  
Angélica Jaramillo ◽  
Luis E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Evolutionary Response

AbstractGlobal warming imposes important challenges for ectotherm organisms, which can avoid the negative effects of thermal stress via evolutionary adaptation of their upper thermal limits (CTmax). In this sense, the estimation of CTmax and its evolutionary capacity is crucial to determine the vulnerability of natural populations to climate change. However, these estimates depend on the thermal stress intensity and it is not completely clear whether this thermal stress intensity can impact the evolutionary response of CTmax and thermal reaction norms (i.e. thermal performance curve, TPC). Here we performed an evolutionary experiment by selecting high heat tolerance using acute and chronic thermal stress in Drosophila subobscura. After artificial selection, we found that knockdown temperatures (a CTmax proxy) evolved in selected lines compared to control lines, whereas the realized heritability and evolutionary rate change of heat tolerance did not differ between acute-selected and chronic-selected lines. From TPC analysis, we found acute-selected lines evolved a higher optimal performance temperature (Topt) compared to acute-control lines, whereas this TPC parameter was not different between chronic-selected and chronic-control lines. The evolutionary response of Topt caused a displacement of entire TPC to high temperatures suggesting a shared genetic architecture between heat tolerance and high-temperature performance, which only arose in the acute-selected lines. In conclusion, thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of thermal physiology in ectotherms, indicating that different thermal scenarios conduce to similar evolutionary responses of heat tolerance but do not for thermal performance. Therefore, thermal stress intensity could have important consequences on the estimations of the vulnerability of ectotherms to global warming.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota of Drosophila subobscura contributes to its heat tolerance but is sensitive to transient thermal stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Jaramillo ◽  
Luis E. Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
The Impact

Global warming impacts animal fitness, leading to increasing extinction risk in ectotherm species. Gut microbiota can contribute to host physiology leading to an increase of resistance to abiotic stress conditions. Temperature has profound effects on ectotherms and gut microbiota can influence cold and heat tolerance of ectotherm species. Additionally, the gut microbiota is sensitive to environmental temperature, which induces changes in its composition and diversity. Here, we investigated the role of the gut microbiota on heat tolerance of Drosophila subobscura comparing the knockdown time between conventional and axenic, and we also assessed the impact of heat stress on the diversity and community structure of the gut microbiota, comparing non-stressed and heat-stressed flies. Our findings provide evidence that gut microbiota influences heat tolerance, and that heat stress modifies the gut microbiota at taxonomical and structural levels. These results demonstrate that gut microbiota contributes to heat tolerance but it is also highly sensitive to transient heat stress, which could have important effects on host fitness, population risk extinction, and vulnerability of ectotherms to current and future climatic conditions.

Repeatability of an Experimental Heat Tolerance Test and the Influence of Season

1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
C. A. Matthews ◽  
Douglas H. K. Lee ◽  
M. H. Fohrman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Experimental Heat

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF LEAF MESOPHYLL CELLS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT COLD/HEAT TOLERANCE UNDER SHORT-TERM TEMPERATURE STRESSES

Tsitologiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Babenko ◽  
◽  
N. N. Scherbatiuk ◽  
D. A. Klimchuk ◽  
I. V. Kosakovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll
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