scholarly journals Hyperspectral measurement of skin reflectance detects differences in the visible and near‐infrared regions according to race, gender and body site

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tsai ◽  
A.L. Chien ◽  
J.U. Kang ◽  
S. Leung ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Skin Reflectance

A Multivariate NIR Study of Skin Alterations in Diabetic Patients as Compared to Control Subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Geladi ◽  
Josefina Nyström ◽  
Jan W. Eriksson ◽  
Anders Nilsson ◽  
Folke Lithner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Skin Reflectance ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
Optic Probe ◽  
Skin Conditions

A group of 15 diabetic persons with different degrees of diabetes complications, including skin changes, was studied by Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. Skin reflectance spectra were measured with a fibre-optic probe in four locations (sites): hand, arm, leg and foot. For reference, a group of 28 healthy controls was also measured. Multivariate analysis of the NIR spectra obtained shows a high potential for classification and discrimination of the skin conditions. Valuable indications for future experiments can be observed.

scholarly journals Colour change on different body regions provides thermal and signalling advantages in bearded dragon lizards

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1832) ◽  
pp. 20160626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Smith ◽  
Viviana Cadena ◽  
John A. Endler ◽  
Warren P. Porter ◽  
Michael R. Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Skin Reflectance ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Bearded Dragon ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Thermoregulatory Function ◽  
Response To Temperature

Many terrestrial ectotherms are capable of rapid colour change, yet it is unclear how these animals accommodate the multiple functions of colour, particularly camouflage, communication and thermoregulation, especially when functions require very different colours. Thermal benefits of colour change depend on an animal's absorptance of solar energy in both UV–visible (300–700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR; 700–2600 nm) wavelengths, yet colour research has focused almost exclusively on the former. Here, we show that wild-caught bearded dragon lizards ( Pogona vitticeps ) exhibit substantial UV–visible and NIR skin reflectance change in response to temperature for dorsal but not ventral (throat and upper chest) body regions. By contrast, lizards showed the greatest temperature-independent colour change on the beard and upper chest during social interactions and as a result of circadian colour change. Biophysical simulations of heat transfer predicted that the maximum temperature-dependent change in dorsal reflectivity could reduce the time taken to reach active body temperature by an average of 22 min per active day, saving 85 h of basking time throughout the activity season. Our results confirm that colour change may serve a thermoregulatory function, and competing thermoregulation and signalling requirements may be met by partitioning colour change to different body regions in different circumstances.

Understanding near infrared radiation propagation in pig skin reflectance measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zamora-Rojas ◽  
Ana Garrido-Varo ◽  
Ben Aernouts ◽  
Dolores Pérez-Marín ◽  
Wouter Saeys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation ◽  
Skin Reflectance ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Radiation Propagation ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

In vivo Skin Reflectance of the Wall Lizard, Podarcis Muralis

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bacci ◽  
Benedetto Lanza ◽  
Roberto Linari ◽  
Gianluca Tosini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectrum Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Podarcis Muralis ◽  
Skin Reflectance ◽  
Biological Problem ◽  
Near Infrared Range

A portable optical-fiber spectrum analyzer operating in the visible and near-infrared range was used to measure in vivo the skin reflectance of lizards of the genus Podarcis. The investigations, which we performed in connection with a study of the biological problem of the microinsular melanism, are quite safe for the examined animals and can be easily extended to spectroscopic and/or energy input studies in other animals.

scholarly journals Skin Parameter Map Retrieval from a Dedicated Multispectral Imaging System Applied to Dermatology/Cosmetology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Jolivot ◽  
Yannick Benezeth ◽  
Franck Marzani
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Skin Reflectance

In vivo quantitative assessment of skin lesions is an important step in the evaluation of skin condition. An objective measurement device can help as a valuable tool for skin analysis. We propose an explorative new multispectral camera specifically developed for dermatology/cosmetology applications. The multispectral imaging system provides images of skin reflectance at different wavebands covering visible and near-infrared domain. It is coupled with a neural network-based algorithm for the reconstruction of reflectance cube of cutaneous data. This cube contains only skin optical reflectance spectrum in each pixel of the bidimensional spatial information. The reflectance cube is analyzed by an algorithm based on a Kubelka-Munk model combined with evolutionary algorithm. The technique allows quantitative measure of cutaneous tissue and retrieves five skin parameter maps: melanin concentration, epidermis/dermis thickness, haemoglobin concentration, and the oxygenated hemoglobin. The results retrieved on healthy participants by the algorithm are in good accordance with the data from the literature. The usefulness of the developed technique was proved during two experiments: a clinical study based on vitiligo and melasma skin lesions and a skin oxygenation experiment (induced ischemia) with healthy participant where normal tissues are recorded at normal state and when temporary ischemia is induced.

Construction of a near-infrared responsive upconversion nanoplatform against hypoxic tumors via NO-enhanced photodynamic therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7875-7887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lan ◽  
Xiaohui Zhu ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
Yihan Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles

A near-infrared (NIR) activated theranostic nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is developed in order to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in photodynamic therapy by photo-release of NO upon NIR illumination.

A nitroreductase-activatable near-infrared theranostic photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy under mild hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (43) ◽  
pp. 5819-5822
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Yongzhuo Liu ◽  
Fengling Song ◽  
Long Jiao ◽  
Yingnan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Triplet State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) theranostic photosensitizer was developed based on a heptamethine aminocyanine dye with a long-lived triplet state.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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