Assessment of endoscope cleaning and disinfection efficacy, and the impact of endoscope storage on the microbiological safety level

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1513
Author(s):  
N. Wiktorczyk ◽  
J. Kwiecińska‐Piróg ◽  
K. Skowron ◽  
A. Michalska ◽  
P. Zalas‐Więcek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Level ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of the Coexistence of Methane Hazard and Rock-Bursts on the Safety of Works in Underground Hard Coal Mines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Justyna Swolkień ◽  
Nikodem Szlązak
Keyword(s):  
Rock Burst ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Methane Drainage ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
The Impact

Several natural threats characterize hard coal mining in Poland. The coexistence of methane and rock-burst hazards lowers the safety level during exploration. The most dangerous are high-energy bumps, which might cause rock-burst. Additionally, created during exploitation, safety pillars, which protect openings, might be the reason for the formation of so-called gas traps. In this part, rock mass is usually not disturbed and methane in seams that form the safety pillars is not dangerous as long as they remain intact. Nevertheless, during a rock-burst, a sudden methane outflow can occur. Preventing the existing hazards increases mining costs, and employing inadequate measures threatens the employees’ lives and limbs. Using two longwalls as examples, the authors discuss the consequences of the two natural hazards’ coexistence. In the area of longwall H-4 in seam 409/4, a rock-burst caused a release of approximately 545,000 cubic meters of methane into the excavations, which tripled methane concentration compared to the values from the period preceding the burst. In the second longwall (IV in seam 703/1), a bump was followed by a rock-burst, which reduced the amount of air flowing through the excavation by 30 percent compared to the airflow before, and methane release rose by 60 percent. The analyses presented in this article justify that research is needed to create and implement innovative methods of methane drainage from coal seams to capture methane more effectively at the stage of mining.

scholarly journals Perioperative Microbial Contamination From Patients on Contact Precaution in Operating Room Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s348-s349
Author(s):  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
William Rutala ◽  
Maria Gergen ◽  
David Jay Weber
Keyword(s):  
Small Computer ◽  
Contact Precaution ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Patient Arrival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

Background: The contaminated healthcare environment, including operating rooms (ORs), can serve as an important role in transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens. Studies are very limited regarding the level of contamination of ORs during the surgery of a patient on contact precautions and the risk to the next surgery patient after standard room cleaning and disinfection. Objective: Here, we investigated the microbial burden on the OR environment when patients on contact precautions receive surgery, and we assessed the impact of cleaning and disinfection on the contamination of OR environmental sites. Methods: This investigation was conducted in the ORs of an academic facility during an 8-month period. It involved 10 patients on contact precautions for multidrug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; n = 7); carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) plus MRSA (n = 2); and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) plus MRSA (n = 1), who underwent surgery. Environmental sampling was performed at the following time points: (1) immediately before the surgical patient’s arrival in the OR, (2) after surgery but before the OR cleaning and disinfection, and (3) after the OR cleaning and disinfection. In total, 1,520 environmental samples collected from 15 OR sites for 10 surgical patients at 3 time points were analyzed. Relatedness among environmental MRSA isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Overall, the mean CFUs of aerobes per Rodac plate (CFU/25 cm2) were 10.1 before patient arrival, 14.7 before cleaning and disinfection, and 6.3 after cleaning and disinfection (P < .0001, after cleaning and disinfection vs before cleaning and disinfection). Moreover, 7 environmental sites (46.7%) after cleaning and disinfection, including bed, arm rest, pyxis counter, floor (near, door side), floor (far, by door), steel counter (small, near bed), and small computer desk, had significantly lower mean counts of aerobes than before patient arrival or before cleaning and disinfection (Fig. 1). The mean CFUs of MRSA per Rodac plate (CFU/25 cm2) were 0.04 before patient arrival, 0.66 before cleaning and disinfection, and 0.08 after cleaning and disinfection (P = .0006, after cleaning and disinfection vs before cleaning and disinfection). Of environmental sites where MRSA was identified, 87.2% were on floors (41 of 47) and 19.1% were after cleaning and disinfection (9 of 47, 8 from floors and 1 from pyxis touchscreen). The A2/B2 MRSA strain was identified on different environmental sites (eg, floor, computer desk, counter) in various rooms (eg, OR2, OR10, and OR16), even after cleaning and disinfection (Fig. 2). Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that the OR environment was contaminated with aerobic bacteria and MRSA after surgery and that MRSA persisted in the environment even after cleaning and disinfection. Enhanced environmental cleaning in the perioperative environment used for patients on isolation is necessary to prevent transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens in ORs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Drs. Rutala and Weber are consultants to PDI (Professional Disposable International)

scholarly journals ZNAČAJ MIKROBIOLOŠKE ISPRAVNOSTI VODE U ZAŠTITI ZDRAVLJA STANOVNIŠTVA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubica Šarčevic - Todosijevic ◽  
Snezana Đorđevic ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Ljubisa Živanovic ◽  
Bojana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Microbiological Pollution ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

In addition to physical and chemical pollution of water, from the aspect of the impact of water on the health of the population, monitoring and prevention of microbiological pollution of water, especially water used for drinking, is extremely important. In this paper, the importance of microbiological safety of water in protecting the health of the population is considered.

From statistics, through new requirements to mathematical modelling of SAT aircraft safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Bartosz Dziugiel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Safety Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Aircraft

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the technical and operational specifications of the Small Aircraft Transport System (SAT/SATS) to the achieved safety level. Design/methodology/approach Safety estimation was made with the use of mathematical model of safety of light aircraft in commercial operations developed on the basis of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data. The analysis was conducted for two different SATS business models based on Direct AiR Transport (DART) concept. It allowed for the investigation of the impact of technical specifications of the aircraft included into the SATS fleet as well as the selected elements of the applied business model on SATS safety level. Findings It was found that the proposed changes to DART system resulted in a significant improvement of safety. Mean Time Between Incidents and Accident (MTBIA) increased by 200 per cent. Additionally, the introduced alterations impacted the weights of particular domains and pilot’s error became less critical than the technical reliability. Practical implications It was shown that the application of new requirements influences both the safety level and the cost of operation, which was demonstrated within the ESPOSA and DART projects. Additionally, it was indicated that further effort to improve the light aircraft safety is absolutely necessary. Originality/value Originality consists in combining in one mathematical model both the aircraft configuration and the rules for business operation. Optimization of selected parameters of the system leads to a significant reduction in the accident number and to keeping the cost increment at a reasonable level. It was also found that the resulted improvement sometimes cannot be sufficient to consider a small aircraft operation fully safe, mainly owing to the numerous restrictions because of its small weight and loading capacity.

Control of Large-Scale Impacts by Designed Structural Damping

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wigaard ◽  
Christopher Hoen ◽  
Sverre Haver
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Impact

Modification of deep-water floaters often involves module installation using a floating crane vessel. The impact forces caused by relative motions between the floating vessels represent a major challenge during set down on the floater deck due to the large inherent variability of these forces. Traditionally the difficulties in predicting impact forces during module installation have been overcome by the use of experienced based rules of thumb rather than accurate simulations and calculations. One has to some degree relied on the indeed present but un-quantifiable effect of human intelligence of the operation supervisor. Traditionally the impact forces are taken either by elastic deformation of the module itself and/or the installation guides or by permanent deformation of intermediate structural elements through e.g. plastic yielding of ductile metal members or crushing of wood members. Designing the module and the guides to be able to take the entire probable range of impact forces is difficult due to the inherent contradiction between wanted flexibility and required strength. The large uncertainties of the impact energy imply that it is difficult to design these intermediate elements to cover all possible impact energy levels. Furthermore, these elements cannot be applied in cases where repeated impacts may occur. An attractive alternative to the traditional solutions is application of industrial shock absorbers. The performance of these is predictable and they can be designed to cover the estimated range of impact energy. This paper will present a more precise and consistent design and analyses methodology that gives a more accurate measure on the reliability of the operation in accordance with code requirements. The paper will show application of industrial shock absorbers as an alternative to traditional solutions for impact handling during offshore module installation to floating vessels, illustrated with experience gained by the installation of two modules on the Visund Semi. Results from multi-body simulations and model tests comparing traditional methods with the proposed solution will be given. The significant benefits obtained with respect to increased operational performance, reduced acceleration loads on the installed equipment, the increased predictability of the operation, and the consistent safety level in accordance with code requirements, will be highlighted. The possibility to apply designed damping for other offshore applications like dropped object protection etc, is also discussed.

An Environmental Disinfection Odyssey: Evaluation of Sequential Interventions to Improve Disinfection of Clostridium difficile Isolation Rooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Sitzlar ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
Dennis Fertelli ◽  
Sirisha Kundrapu ◽  
Ajay K. Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Tiered Interventions ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Disinfection

Objective.Effective disinfection of hospital rooms after discharge of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is necessary to prevent transmission. We evaluated the impact of sequential cleaning and disinfection interventions by culturing high-touch surfaces in CDI rooms after cleaning.Design.Prospective intervention.Setting.A Veterans Affairs hospital.Interventions.During a 21-month period, 3 sequential tiered interventions were implemented: (1) fluorescent markers to provide monitoring and feedback on thoroughness of cleaning facility-wide, (2) addition of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for adjunctive disinfection of CDI rooms, and (3) enhanced standard disinfection of CDI rooms, including a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a process requiring supervisory assessment and clearance of terminally cleaned CDI rooms. To determine the impact of the interventions, cultures were obtained from CDI rooms after cleaning and disinfection.Results.The fluorescent marker intervention improved the thoroughness of cleaning of high-touch surfaces (from 47% to 81% marker removal; P < .0001). Relative to the baseline period, the prevalence of positive cultures from CDI rooms was reduced by 14% (P = .024), 48% (P>.001), and 89% (P = .006) with interventions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. During the baseline period, 67% of CDI rooms had positive cultures after disinfection, whereas during interventions periods 1, 2, and 3 the percentages of CDI rooms with positive cultures after disinfection were reduced to 57%, 35%, and 7%, respectively.Conclusions.An intervention that included formation of a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a standardized process for clearing CDI rooms achieved consistent CDI room disinfection. Culturing of CDI rooms provides a valuable tool to drive improvements in environmental disinfection.

scholarly journals High Speed Railway Environment Safety Evaluation Based on Measurement Attribute Recognition Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhou Hu ◽  
Ningbo Gao ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Attribute Recognition ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
The Impact

In order to rationally evaluate the high speed railway operation safety level, the environmental safety evaluation index system of high speed railway should be well established by means of analyzing the impact mechanism of severe weather such as raining, thundering, lightning, earthquake, winding, and snowing. In addition to that, the attribute recognition will be identified to determine the similarity between samples and their corresponding attribute classes on the multidimensional space, which is on the basis of the Mahalanobis distance measurement function in terms of Mahalanobis distance with the characteristics of noncorrelation and nondimensionless influence. On top of the assumption, the high speed railway of China environment safety situation will be well elaborated by the suggested methods. The results from the detailed analysis show that the evaluation is basically matched up with the actual situation and could lay a scientific foundation for the high speed railway operation safety.

scholarly journals The Environmental Impact of Plastic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyu Jiang ◽  
Jiming Yu ◽  
Yihang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disposable Plastic

The pollution caused by disposable plastic products is becoming more and more serious, and "plastic limit" has become a global consensus. This article mainly discusses the pollution problem from the following aspects:Integrate all relevant important indicators to establish a multiple regression model of the maximum amount of disposable plastic waste to estimate the maximum amount of disposable waste in the future without causing further damage to the environment;Establish an environmental safety level evaluation model and analyze the impact of plastic waste on environmental safety;Try to set the lowest level target that can be achieved by global waste at this stage, and conduct correlation analysis on the impact of humans, enterprises, and the environment;Select several countries based on their comprehensive strengths, conduct a comparative analysis of their plastic production, economic strength, and environment, and try to explore their responsibilities.

scholarly journals TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCE OF SAFETY ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Defendologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (43-44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir Jovičić ◽  
Milan Daničić
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Functions

In a large number of countries, tourism has become important as aneconomy branch, while in other countries it represents one of the highestconsumers of a state budget. In Serbia in last few decades, tourism as aneconomy branch has become more and more important, which is especiallyreferred to spa tourism. Tourism development means also a higherpercentage of employment in this area. In order for tourism to develop, it isnecessary to provide different resources, such as road infrastructure, professionaleducation of employees in tourism area, establishment of neededaccommodation capacities etc. In addition, for tourism development it isnecessary to provide a certain safety level in touristic centres, as well asin the whole state. A safety function is considered as one of the most importantfunctions in a state. Considering a numerous sources and types ofsafety endangerment in the modern world, it seems that safety has becomeone of the most precious state functions. In some countries, where tourismis one of the most important economy branches, such as in Egypt, specialsecurity services, a so called touristic police, are formed in order to obtaina high safety level. This is certainly interesting, and it seems that it is alsonecessary, since the impact of safety on tourism development and employmentin this area is of high importance.

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